OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yinlai Decoction (YD) on the microstructure of colon, and activity of D-lactic acid (DLA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum of pneumonia mice model fed with high-calorie and high-protein diet (HCD). METHODS: Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups by the random number table method: normal control, pneumonia, HCD, HCD with pneumonia (HCD-P), YD (229.2 mg/mL), and dexamethasone (15.63 mg/mL) groups, with 10 in each group. HCD mice were fed with 52% milk solution by gavage. Pneumonia mice was modeled with lipopolysaccharide inhalation and was fed by gavage with either the corresponding therapeutic drugs or saline water, twice daily, for 3 days. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the changes in the colon structure were observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein levels of DLA and DAO in the serum of mice. RESULTS: The colonic mucosal structure and ultrastructure of mice in the normal control group were clear and intact. The colonic mucosal goblet cells in the pneumonia group tended to increase, and the size of the microvilli varied. In the HCD-P group, the mucosal goblet cells showed a marked increase in size with increased secretory activity. Loose mucosal epithelial connections were also observed, as shown by widened intercellular gaps with short sparse microvilli. These pathological changes of intestinal mucosa were significantly reduced in mouse models with YD treatment, while there was no significant improvement after dexamethasone treatment. The serum DLA level was significantly higher in the pneumonia, HCD, and HCD-P groups as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Serum DLA was significantly lower in the YD group than HCD-P group (P<0.05). Moreover, serum DLA level significantly increased in the dexamethasone group as compared with the YD group (P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the serum level of DAO among groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS YD can protect function of intestinal mucosa by improving the tissue morphology of intestinal mucosa and maintaining integrity of cell connections and microvilli structure, thereby reducing permeability of intestinal mucosa to regulate the serum levels of DLA in mice.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Lactic Acid/pharmacology* ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Colon/pathology* ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology* ; Diet, High-Protein ; Pneumonia/pathology*

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm², and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use* ; Saphenous Vein/transplantation* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Atherectomy, Coronary/methods* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Coronary Angiography ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early clinical efficacy of primary total hip arthroplasty(THA) with Corail standard stems (KS type) and high offset stems (KHO type), by analyzing the postoperative radiographic parameters of different offset of femoral components with Corail stem which has a neck-shaft angle of 135 ° in unilateral primary THA, by comparing the measurement results on both sides and analyzing the reconstruction of the postoperative femoral offset and the hip joint function recovery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 186 patients with unilateral hip joint lesions who underwent the first total hip arthroplasty with Johnson & Johnson Corail prostheses from January 2015 to June 2017. According to the use of femoral prostheses with different eccentricities during the operation, the patients were divided into high eccentricity group and standard eccentricity group. In the high eccentricity group, there were 52 cases of Corail high eccentricity prosthesis(KHO type), including 20 females and 32 males;aged 21 to 71 years old with an average of(50.6±13.2) years;body mass index(BMI) was (26.0±4.1) kg/m². The standard eccentricity group included 134 Corail standard femoral stem prostheses(KS type), 57 females and 77 males;aged 18 to 77 years old with an average of (47.3±14.0) years;BMI was (25.3±3.5) kg/m². The abduction arm, femoral eccentricity, acetabular eccentricity and the length difference of lower limbs were measured on the postoperatively positive X-ray film of the hip joint. Harris score and related complications were recorded before and after the operation, and the stability of the prosthesis was analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in femoral eccentricity, joint eccentricity and abduction arm between the affected side and the healthy side in the high eccentricity group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in femoral eccentricity and acetabular eccentricity between the affected side and the healthy side in the standard eccentricity group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in combined eccentricity, abduction arm and length of lower limbs between two groups(P<0.05). In the high eccentricity group, the abduction arm of the affected hip joint was positively correlated with the femoral eccentricity, acetabular eccentricity and joint eccentricity(r=0.633, P<0.001;r=0.384, P=0.005;r=0.690, P<0.001). The same results were also obtained in the healthy side(r=0.688, P<0.001;r=0.574, P<0.001;r=0.765, P<0.001). In the standard eccentricity group, the abduction arm of the affected hip joint was positively correlated with the femoral eccentricity, acetabular eccentricity and combined eccentricity(r=0.734, P<0.001;r=0.418, P<0.001;r=0.749, P<0.001). The same results were also obtained in the healthy side(r=0.775, P<0.001;r=0.397, P<0.001;r=0.773, P<0.001). The difference of the length of both lower limbs was significantly correlated with the difference of bilateral joint eccentricity and bilateral abduction arm (r=0.376, P=0.006;r=-0.346, P=0.012). There was no significant correlation between the difference of the length of both lower limbs and the difference of bilateral joint eccentricity and bilateral abduction arm (r=-0.009, P=0.919;r=-0.036, P=0.682). There was no significant difference in Harris score between two groups at the last follow-up(P>0.05). At the last follow-up, Trendelenburg was negative in all patients in both groups, and the prostheses were stable. CONCLUSION Both Corail standard stem and high offset stem may be effectively reconstruct the femoral offset, reconstruct the anatomical structure and biomechanics of the hip joint, and maintain the length of lower limbs and the stability of the hip joint in the unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty. Although the offset of the femur was not reconstructed normally in some cases, the stability of the components and postoperative function were not affected.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Hip Prosthesis ; Femur/surgery* ; Lower Extremity

Six dimensional syndrome differentiation theory， put forward by professor GU Xiao-hong at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine based on her theoretical teaching and clinical experience， emphasizes that the syndrome differentiation should be carried out from six dimensions including etiology， disease location， disease stage， disease condition， pathology， and disease nature， which is conducive to clinical thinking training and formation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The differentiation and treatment of Baihutang syndrome frequently seen in cold damage and warm disease still need to be explored. Guided by the six dimensional syndrome differentiation theory coupled with diverse viewpoints of cold damage and warm disease schools， this paper summarized and reinterpreted the understandings and thoughts of GU Xiao-hong and YU He， warm disease specialists of two generations. Considering the lung-stomach dysfunction caused by the internal invasion of exogenous pathogens， Baihutang syndrome was staged into Qi aspect. In this stage， exuberant pathogens and sufficient healthy Qi allowed the prevailing of internal heat and the consumption of body fluid， manifested as high fever， profuse sweating， thirst， and the pulse corresponding to interior excess and heat syndrome. This paper also pointed out that the Baihutang syndrome involved both lung and stomach， and the adoption of Baihutang contributed to preventing tu from restricting shui in the case of extreme excess of Yang brightness and protecting the kidney Yin. As revealed by the dynamic analysis of prognosis of Baihutang syndrome based on the six dimensional syndrome differentiation theory， even though the Baihutang syndrome could be present in both cold damage and warm disease， the specific disease stage， transmission and change， condition， prognosis， pathology， and medication differed. On this basis， a series of prescriptions have been modified from Baihutang， which has expanded the application scope of Baihutang and enriched its research value， thus better promoting its clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on catheter related bladder discomfort after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. METHODS: Sixty male patients with selective ureteroscopic lithotripsy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into a TEAS group (30 cases, one case dropped off) and a sham TEAS group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). Before anesthesia induction, the patients in the TEAS group were treated with TEAS at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) for 30 min, with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/ 15 Hz and current intensity of 6 to 10 mA. The patients in the sham TEAS group were treated with the same TEAS device at the same acupoints, but no electrical stimulation was given. After 30 min, anesthesia induction started. The total dosages of propofol and remifentanil in the two groups were recorded, and the time of operation and anesthesia, the time of wake-up and the time of stay in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were recorded. The postoperative recovery was evaluated 5 min (T) after wake-up, 1 h (T), 2 h (T) and 6 h (T) after the operation, including the severity of urinary tract irritation and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The occurrence of adverse reactions was observed, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache. RESULTS: The dosage of remifentanil in the TEAS group was significantly lower than that in the sham TEAS group (<0.05); but the dosage of propofol had no significant difference between the two groups (>0.05). Compared with the sham TEAS group, the incidence of more-than-moderate urinary tract irritation symptoms in the TEAS group was reduced (<0.05), and the VAS scores 1 and 2 h after operation were reduced (<0.05). CONCLUSION The 30-min TEAS at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) before anesthesia induction could significantly control the severity of postoperative urinary tract irritation in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy, reduce the dosage of anesthetic drugs and relieve postoperative pain.

It is of great significance to carry out scientific investigation of threatened species and assess their in-situ conservation status in order to guide the conservation and management of these species within a region. In this study, we explored and assessed the biodiversity and in-situ conservation status of the threatened medicinal vascular plants(TMVPs) in central China. The results showed that there were 276 TMVPs in central China, including 18 critically endangered(CR), 77 endangered(EN), and 181 vulnerable(VU) species. Of which, 222 TMVPs were distributed in 49 national nature reserves, with an in-situ conservation rate of 80.43%. And the in-situ conservation rate of CR, EN and NR species were 83.33%, 77.92% and 81.22%, respectively. The complementary algorithm was used to select the nine national nature reserves with the highest protection and complementary contribution to the TMVPs. The cumulative protection contribution rate of these nine nature reserves was 81.98%. Fifty-four TMVPs were distributed outside of national nature reserves, while mainly distributed within 10 hotspot counties including Badong county, Hubei province, Sangzhi county, Hunan province, Jianghua Yao Autonomous county, Hunan province and so on. In general, TMVPs are well protected by the national nature reserves in central China. However, there are still some conservation gaps. It is necessary to carry out further field investigation on the species with conservation gaps and identify the gap areas, so as to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of the conservation of TMVPs in this region.
Biodiversity ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Endangered Species ; Plants, Medicinal ; Tracheophyta

Epimedii Folium has a long history in China as a common traditional Chinese medicine. Key factors of Epimedii Folium quality were summarized based on ancient literatures, Chinese Pharmacopoeias and modern research in different period of history. The main reason for unqualified Epimedii Folium is unstable icariin. Therefore, it's suggested that: the precondition of the quality control of epimedium is to find the proper quality marker. It's suggested that the medicinal parts should be reverted to "dry whole plant overground" to solve Epimedium resource shortage problem. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the standardized cultivation, so as to ensure germplasm, production area, and producing method to guarantee the quality of Epimedium Folium. In the drying method, it is recommended to change "dry in the sun or shade" to "dry", namely dry in the sun, shade or drier, in order to provide a new method to improve the quality control and quality standard of Epimedii Folium.

Objective To evaluate the effect of SvO2-guided early goal directed fluid therapy on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics in septic shock pig model. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs (male, 21-24 kg) were equally randomized into 2 groups, group C and group G. Septic shock was induced by intravenous infusion endotoxin. Group C received hemodynamic support aiming central venous pressure at 8 to 12 mmHg, urinary output 0.5 mL/kg per hour, and mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg. Group G maintained SvO2 greater than 0.65 in addition to the above indicators. The interventions lasted 6 h and at T0-T8 (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min) recorded temperature, hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics indexes for each group, and recorded 6 hours for accumulated liquid volume, vascular active drug, and changes of urine. Results There were no significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) at each time point between group G and group C ( P>0.05). Values of CI and CVP were increased at T4-T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of MPAP and PVRI were decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of SvO2 were increased at T3-T8, O2ER were decreased at T3-T8 (P<0.05), DO2 were increased at T4-T8 (P<0.05), Lac were decreased at T5-T8, andΔp(CO2) was decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in values of VO2 at T1-T8 between two groups (P>0.05). The amount of intravenous infusion and urine volume were more and the amount of norepinephrine was less in animals of group G (P<0.05). The dosage of dobutamine was more in animals of group G, and which was not used in animals of group C. Conclusion SvO2 guided fluid therapy is more effective than conventional treatment to stabilize hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics, which is characterized by the increased cardiac output, increased oxygen supply, normal oxygen uptake rate and good tissue perfusion.

The abnormal activation of hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). As a transcription factor at the end of the HH pathway, the final effector of glioma-associated oncogene homoglog-1 (GLI1) is an important target in the treatment of GBM. The study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activities and mechanisms of a novel GLI1 inhibitor FL18 in GBM. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine anti-proliferation activity of FL18 in vitro. The effect of FL18 on cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Transwell experiment was used to explore the inhibitory activity of FL18 in cell invasion. In vivo experiments, the subcutaneously transplanted and orthotopic U-87 MG GBM xenograft model were used to study the activity of FL18 on tumor growth. The optimized dual report gene screening model was used to detect the effect of FL18 on the transcriptional activity of GLI1. Western blot assay was used to study the mechanisms of action of FL18. The results showed that the IC₅₀ of FL18 in glioblastoma was in the nanomole level in vitro. It was observed that 22.5 and 45 mg·kg^-1 FL18 reduced the tumor volume with the rate of 55.4% and 89.8% in xenograft model in mice in situ. The IC₅₀ of FL18 on the inhibition of GLI1 transcriptional activity was 3.32×10^-11 mol·L^-1 analyzed by the optimized dual report gene screening model. By the Western blot experiments, it was proved that FL18 inhibited expression of GLI1 without influencing the upstream canonical HH/SMO signaling and cross-talk oncogenic pathway, such as ERK and AKT signaling. The results also demonstrated that FL18 significantly downregulated GLI1 target genes such as Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9 and increased the expression of c-caspase3, c-PARP and Bax. These data suggest that FL18 may generate the anti-glioma activity by inhibition of GLI1.

Ambroxol ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Penicillanic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; virology ; Poliomyelitis ; immunology ; Vaccines ; adverse effects ; immunology