As people’s attention to health continues to increase, the market demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is growing steadily. The quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials have attracted unprecedented social attention. In particular, the issue of exogenous harmful residue pollution in TCM has become a hot topic of concern for both regulatory authorities and society. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition further refines the detection methods and limit standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM. This not only reflects China’s high-level emphasis on the quality and safety of TCM but also demonstrates the continuous progress made by China in the field of TCM safety supervision. Basis on this study, by systematically reviewing the development history of the detection standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM and analyzing the revisions and updates of these detection standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, deeply explores the key points of the changes in the monitoring standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition. Moreover, it interprets the future development directions of the detection of exogenous residues in TCM, aiming to provide a reference for the formulation of TCM safety supervision policies.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are common organic compounds in indoor and outdoor air, and enter the human body primarily through the respiratory tract and directly damage the respiratory system. Previous studies have suggested that exposure to VOCs/SVOCs may associate with the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma, but the extent of the associations is still vague. Furthermore, biomarkers for efficient and simple asthma diagnosis, typing, and attack prediction remain unclear at this stage. From the perspective of the collection and detection methods of VOCs/SVOCs, this paper summarized the epidemiological associations and underlying biological mechanisms between VOCs/SVOCs exposure and the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma in children/adults. It also demonstrated the application of VOCs/SVOCs in recent years in assisting asthma diagnosis, such as distinguishing asthma patients from the healthy population, differentiating different asthma phenotypes, and predicting asthma acute exacerbations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for improving current asthma management.

[Objective]To explore if the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who are undergoing elective cesarean delivery could cause perioperative glycemic abnormalities and heighten the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.[Methods]A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who underwent elective cesarean sections and received ERAS between May 1,2022,and October 31,2023,at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. A total of 150 patients were included in this study,comprising the GDM group (n=75) and the non-GDM group (n=75). The study included pregnant women with good glycemic control (GDM) and maternal age (18-30 years;30-35 years;35-40 years;>40 years),BMI (<18.5 kg/m2;18.5-24.9 kg/m2;25-30 kg/m2;>30 kg/m2),and gestational age (within 7 days). We used these criteria to match 1∶1 non-GDM women as the control group. After administering preoperative oral carbohydrates,we observed the trends of maternal glycemic changes,including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia,at any time of the day. We also evaluated the incidence of hypoglycemic low Apgar scores in newborns,abnormal pH values in blood gases,and the rate of transfer to the pediatric unit immediately after delivery.[Results]No significant difference was observed in fasting blood glucose levels on the day of surgery between the two groups of pregnant women[(4.4±0.5) mmol/L vs. (4.3±0.5) mmol/L,t=1.395,P=0.165]. The blood glucose peak was reached 30 minutes after consuming 300 mL (42.6 g of low-dose carbohydrate) of a light drink[(7.2±0.9) mmol/L vs. (6.4±0.8) mmol/L,t=5.773,P<0.001],with a subsequent decline in blood glucose levels. At the 120-minute mark,blood glucose had returned to the pre-oral carbohydrate level. The blood glucose levels in GDM groups was significantly higher than those in the non-GDM group (P<0.005). Although the incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group at the 30-minute peak blood glucose level after oral carbohydrate intake,and the difference was statistically significant (17.3％ vs. 1.3％,x2=11.354,P<0.001),severe hyperglycemia (≥10 mmol/L) did not occur. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly higher in neonates in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (22.7％ vs. 28％,x2=0.564,P=0.453). The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the GDM group was not significantly elevated in comparison to the non-GDM group after adjusting for age and BMI (Model 1),primiparity and gestational week of delivery (Model 2),hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (Model 3),cesarean section indications,time of cesarean section,and intraoperative hemorrhage (Model 4),and neonatal weight (Model 5).[Conclusion]In GDM patients with excellent glycemic control,an ERAS regimen with a low oral dose of carbohydrates prior to elective cesarean section does not increase the risk of preoperative serious hyperglycemia in mothers,nor does it increase the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism regulate and influence each other,and an imbalance in the"intestinal flora-bile acid"pathway is closely related to atherosclerosis.Based on TCM theory and clinical practice,it is found that"earth congestion and wood depression"is the key mechanism of atherosclerosis,but its biological connotation needs to be further elucidated.Combined with the results of modern research,it is believed that intestinal flora imbalance is an important foundation of"earth congestion",and bile acid metabolism abnormality is an important manifestation of"wood depression".In the process of atherosclerosis,the imbalance of the"intestinal flora-bile acid"pathway is closely related to the"earth congestion and wood depression"pathogenesis of TCM in atherosclerosis.Exploring the biological connotation of the pathogenesis of"earth congestion and wood depression"of atherosclerosis from the"intestinal flora-bile acids"pathway is of far-reaching significance for clarifying the scientific connotation of TCM theory and guiding the TCM prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo compare the transcriptional levels of two cultivars （Mingui 1 and Mingui 2） with different stem and leaf colors. MethodThe fresh leaves with petioles and the upper stems from Angelica sinensis with two colors were selected as the material， and the hybrid sequencing strategy was used. The technology at the transcriptome was used to build the non-reference full-length transcript library of A. sinensis， and the RNA-seq technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes of the two cultivars， reusing a public database for biology function annotation and fine classification of differentially expressed genes. The main candidate genes regulating color differences between stems and leaves of A. sinensis were screened out. ResultThe sequencing results of A. sinensis transcripts were good and the quality of the sequencing data was high. The 34 528 full-length transcripts were annotated into 33 947， 33 241， 29 150， and 22 601 in the Non-redundant Protein Sequence Database （NR）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）， SwissProt， and Clusters of Orthologous Groups for Eukaryotic Complete Genomes （KOG）， respectively. The 705 differentially expressed genes of the two cultivars with biological and molecular functions were divided into 11 categories， which were mainly enriched in the primary metabolism （17.87%）， stress response （14.47%）， and secondary metabolism （11.49%）. The differentially expressed genes related to colors were mainly concentrated in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. ConclusionThe main reason for the color differences of the stems and leaves in two cultivars of A. sinensis may be related to the expression differences of genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis， which lays a foundation for subsequent functional verification and further clarification of the relationship with the main pharmacodynamic components of A. sinensis.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of stress response, self-care and job performance among nurses in emergency department, and to analyze whether self-care has a mediating effect between stress response and job performance.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. From February to April 2022, 467 emergency department nurses from 11 tertiary hospitals in Changsha were investigated and analyzed by using random cluster sampling method, general data questionnaire, Stress Response Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale and Nursing Performance Scale.Results:The total score of nurses′ Stress Response Questionnaire was (78.02 ± 26.78) points, the total score of Self-Compassion Scale was (81.75 ± 22.23) points, and the total score of Nursing Performance Scale was (74.05 ± 21.57) points. Stress response was negatively correlated with self-care and work performance ( r=-0.452, -0.572, both P<0.01), and self-care was positively correlated with work performance ( r=0.515, P<0.01). Self-care played a partial mediating role between stress response and job performance, accounting for 26.98% of the total effect. Conclusions:Self-care is an intermediary variable between emergency department nurses′ stress response and work performance. Nursing managers should pay attention to emergency department nurses′self-care and stress response levels, and evaluate them regularly in order to take timely intervention measures to improve their self care ability, reduce stress response, and improve work performance of emergency department nurses.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula on the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Method:A total of 72 SPF grade male SD rats were divided into control group, model group, Bushen group, Jianpi group, Kaixin group and Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group according to the random number table method ( n=12 in each group). The rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose once a day for 6 weeks to replicate the model of AD.And the rats in different medication groups were given corresponding administration (Bushen formula: gavage 3.60 g·kg -1·d -1, Jianpi formula: gavage 4.05 g·kg -1·d -1, Kaixin formula: gavage 2.34 g·kg -1·d -1, Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula: gavage 9.99 g·kg -1·d -1), while rats in control group and model group were treated with equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution once a day for 28 days.The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze.The expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in cerebral cortical tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relative mRNA levels of p62 and Beclin in brain cortical tissue were detected by RT-PCR.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, one-way ANOVA was used for inter group comparisons, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:Morris water maze results showed statistically significant differences in escape latency and the times of crossing platform among the six groups ( F=368.10, 47.43, both P<0.01). The escape latency of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group((29.30±1.64) s) was shorter than that of model group((55.58±3.23) s) ( P<0.01), the times of crossing platform ((5.17±0.72) times) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of model group (1.50±0.52)time, P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the escape latencies of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were longer (all P<0.01), the times of crossing platform in Bushen group was lower ( P<0.01). Immunohistochemical results showed statistically significant differences in the positive protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins among the six groups ( F=68.52, 22.22, 31.52, all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K ((0.47±0.15), (0.57±0.12)), Akt ((0.31±0.02), (0.38±0.02)), and mTOR ((0.22±0.18), (0.28±0.11)) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group were less (all P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K and mTOR of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higher (all P<0.01). RT-PCR results showed statistically significant differences in the relative mRNA levels of Beclin and p62 among all the groups ( F=8.79, 21.01, both P<0.01). The relative mRNA level of Beclin in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of the model group ((0.97±0.07), (0.64±0.12)), and the relative mRNA level of p62 of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was less than that of model group((0.98±0.16), (1.16±0.24))(both P<0.01). The relative mRNA levels of p62 in Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higer than those of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula can improve cognitive impairment and learning and memory ability in AD model rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway.The combination prescription is better than the split prescription.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on premotor cortex (PMC) on upper limb motor function in patients with severe stroke. MethodsFrom June, 2021 to December, 2022, 60 patients with severe stroke in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 20), primary motor cortex (M1) group (n = 20) and PMC group (n = 20). All the groups accepted routine rehabilitation treatment, while the control group accepted atDCS pseudo stimulation to the focus side PMC, M1 group accepted atDCS to the focus side M1, and PMC group accepted atDCS to the focus side PMC, for six weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) ratio of affected/unaffected side of triceps and extensor carpus were used to evaluate the efficacy before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of FMA-UE and WMFT, and RMS ratio of triceps and extensor carpus significantly increased in all the groups (|t| > 2.458, P < 0.05), and were better in PMC group than in the other two groups (F > 4.084, P < 0.05). ConclusionatDCS on PMC could improve the overall function of upper limb in patients with severe stroke.

With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the requirement for the quality of Chinese medicines has become increasingly higher since they have been widely used in clinical practice. Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of TCM， and their quality directly affects the clinical efficacy. Studying the quality of Chinese medicinal materials is the key to ensure the quality and realize the large-scale application. As one of rare Chinese medicinal materials， Cistanches Herba has the functions of tonifying kidney yang， invigorating blood and essence， moistening intestines to relieve constipation. High-quality Cistanches Herba is characterized by glossy appearance， high density， fleshy and soft texture， and sweet taste. With the reduction of wild resources， the products from cultivated Cistanche deserticola or C. tubulosa become dominant on the market of Cistanches Herba. The cultivation areas are widely distributed， mainly concentrated in Gansu， Inner Mongolia， and Xinjiang. However， the cultivated products have varied quality due to the differences in germplasm， producing region， cultivation method， harvesting， and processing. According to the theories of quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics and excellent appearance indicating high quality， this paper reviewed the literature on the quality evaluation， growth， development， and processing of Cistanches Herba in the last decade to explore the main factors （genetic characteristics， environmental conditions， and harvesting and processing factors） affecting the quality of Cistanches Herba. The review aims to explore the factors for the high quality and provide a reference for the producing region screening， directional cultivation， and production of Cistanches Herba.

ObjectiveTo analyze the sequence variation and genetic diversity of 47 Isatis indigotica germplasm materials， and carry out the study on the genetic differentiation and structure. MethodGenomic DNA of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were extracted by kit extraction method. Two chloroplast DNA （cp DNA） sequences and five inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） primers were used for amplification and sequencing. Chromas， Mega 7.0， DanSP5， and GenALEx were used to calibrate， splice， and analyze the sequence characteristics. PERMUT and PopGen 1.31 were used to analyze the genetic diversity parameters and genetic structure， and NTSYS was used to obtain the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA） clustering tree plot of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials. ResultA total of 129 samples from 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were successfully amplified and sequenced. The length of 2 cp DNA sequences after spliced was 1 412 bp， and there were 377 polymorphic variation loci， and 36 haplotypes. Fu and Li's D* test was significant （P<0.01）. The values of Pi， H_S， and H_T based on cp DNA were 0.119 89， 0.787， and 0.891， respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficients of gene differentiation coefficient（Gst）， nucleotide differentiation coefficient（Nst）， and fixation index（Fst） were 0.117， 0.468， and 0.488， respectively， and the gene flow （Nm） was 0.615. The mean values of PPB， Shannon information diversity index（I）， Nei's genetic diversity index（H）， and Gst based on ISSR were 78.85%， 0.334 8， 0.218 6， and 0.754 4， respectively， and the Nm value was 0.162 8. ConclusionI. indigotica has high genetic diversity and abundant haplotypes at the species level， with abundant haplotypes. Genetic differentiation among different germplasm materials is obvious， and gene exchange is not frequent. Genetic variation mainly exists among populations. The population has accumulated various low-frequency gene mutations recently， suggesting that it has experienced significant regional expansion in the history.