Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of the backside design of tibial trays on the bone-prosthesis fixation interfaces in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA).Methods Finite element models of medial knee arthroplasty were constructed using a fixed UKA prosthesis.The knee joint load and joint motion under walking motion were considered as boundary conditions,and the differences in tibial von Mises stress,contact stress,and micromotion of the bone-prosthesis fixation interface of the UKA tibial trays with big keel,small keel,two-peg with fin,three-oblique peg,and three-upright peg types were compared.Results At the maximum medical knee force moment,compared to the two-peg with fin type,the tibial von Mises stress,contact stress,and micromotion of the bone-prosthesis fixation interface decreased by 8%and 15.9%and increased by 9.9%for the big keel type;decreased by 12.3%and increased by 7.5%and 0.9%for the small keel type;decreased by 10%,10.5%,and increased by 1.2%for the three-oblique peg type;and decreased by 7.7%,14.7%,and 1.6%for the three-upright peg type,respectively.However,the maximum micromotion of the bone-prosthesis fixation interface occurred at 21%of the gait cycle.Compared to the two-peg with fin type,the micromotion of the bone-prosthesis fixation interface increased by 11.6%for the big keel type,increased by 1.6%for the small keel type,decreased by 0.4%for the three-oblique peg type,and decreased by 2.3%for the three-upright peg type.Conclusions To improve the long-term fixation effects of tibial prostheses,it is recommended to focus on a two-upright peg with fin or small keel designs when UKA tibial trays are designed,which can effectively balance the stress transfer and interface micromotion,thereby ensuring prosthesis stability and reducing the risk of aseptic loosening.

Abstract Dry eye disease is a chronic ocular surface inflammatory disease caused by abnormal tear quality or quantity and decreased tear film stability due to various reasons, and often accompanied by ocular discomfort such as itching, dryness, foreign body sensation, and visual dysfunction, which can seriously affect the patient′s quality of life and visual quality if not intervened in time. With the change of social lifestyles, the increase of environmental pollution and the trend of population aging, dry eye disease has become the most common ocular surface disease besides refractive error. Currently, dry eye disease is widely recognized as a non-infectious immune-related inflammatory disease, but the signaling pathways involved in dry eye disease are poorly understood. Whether dry eye disease is caused by excessive tear evaporation, insufficient tear production, or mucin deficiency, the ocular surface tissues(cornea/conjunctiva) inevitably undergo pathological processes such as aberrant proliferation, squamous epithelial hyperplasia, initiation of corneal damage repair mechanisms, and reduction in the number of conjunctival goblet cells, whereas the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is known to have a wide range of biological functions and plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stemness maintenance. Therefore, this review describes the pathogenesis and potential experimental therapeutic options of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in dry eye disease from this perspective, aiming to provide new targets for the treatment of dry eye disease and achieve the goal of controlling the disease progression from the root.

Sinapic acid (SA) is a phenolic acid that is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, which has various bioactivities, such as antidiabetic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory functions. Over-activated microglial is involved in the development progress of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of SA in microglia neuroinflammation models. Our results demonstrated that SA inhibited secretion of the nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6, reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and enhanced the release of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, our further investigation revealed that SA attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK cascades in LPS-induced microglia. Consistently, oral administration of SA in mouse regulated the production of inflammationrelated cytokines and also suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPK cascades and AKT in the mouse cerebral cortex. These results suggested that SA may be a possible therapy candidate for anti-inflammatory activity by targeting the AKT/MAPK signaling pathway.

Background:The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods:A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results:Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions:The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) owns the high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is still the major pathway for the longer survival of HCC patients. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis have become the key impairment of prognosis of HCC patients. The relationship between tumor recurrence and surgical manner underwent by HCC patients is complicated and multiple factors are included. When the liver tumor was pressured during operation, tumor cells could be squeezed into blood flow via the broken vessels, which resulted in tumor metastasis. Besides, ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by Pringle maneuver during the liver blood blockade resulted in the immune destruction of liver and induced tumor recurrence.The destruction of physical barriers consisted of interstitial cells and normal liver cells was also a key factor for tumor recurrence. This paper summarizes the possible relationship between postoperative recurrence and surgical manner in HCC patients to provide the preventive suggestions for the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) owns the high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is still the major pathway for the longer survival of HCC patients. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis have become the key impairment of prognosis of HCC patients. The relationship between tumor recurrence and surgical manner underwent by HCC patients is complicated and multiple factors are included. When the liver tumor was pressured during operation, tumor cells could be squeezed into blood flow via the broken vessels, which resulted in tumor metastasis. Besides, ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by Pringle maneuver during the liver blood blockade resulted in the immune destruction of liver and induced tumor recurrence.The destruction of physical barriers consisted of interstitial cells and normal liver cells was also a key factor for tumor recurrence. This paper summarizes the possible relationship between postoperative recurrence and surgical manner in HCC patients to provide the preventive suggestions for the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients.

An estimate of about 50% of new liver cancer cases worldwide occur in China every year.Surgical resection is still the major treatment choice for longer survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Blocking hepatic blood flow and reducing intraoperative bleeding ensure the success of the operation. Anatomic separation of hepatic hilar region is the precondition of hepatic inflow occlusion. The hepatic hilar plate system involves a thick layer of connective tissue covering the hepatic inflow ducts of hepatic hilar region. The descending part of hilar plate assists in reducing the anatomical difficulty of the hepatic hilar region. The "forth porta hepatis" that is hidden in the hepatic hilar plate system involves the accumulation area of "short hepatic portal veins" .The communicating branch vessels between the hepatic inflow vessels form the anatomical basis in reducing the indocyanine green fluorescence stain effect.The relatively fixed position of the hepatic portal plate is considered as a positioning marker for accurate liver resection. The intrahepatic Glisson sheath is connected with thick connective tissue of the hepatic portal panel system, and is regarded as the physical barrier in limiting the proliferation and hypertrophy of hepatocytes and continuation of hepatic portal panel system in the liver.This paper summarizes the anatomy and application of hepatic hilar plate system during hepatobiliary surgery.

An estimate of about 50% of new liver cancer cases worldwide occur in China every year.Surgical resection is still the major treatment choice for longer survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Blocking hepatic blood flow and reducing intraoperative bleeding ensure the success of the operation. Anatomic separation of hepatic hilar region is the precondition of hepatic inflow occlusion. The hepatic hilar plate system involves a thick layer of connective tissue covering the hepatic inflow ducts of hepatic hilar region. The descending part of hilar plate assists in reducing the anatomical difficulty of the hepatic hilar region. The "forth porta hepatis" that is hidden in the hepatic hilar plate system involves the accumulation area of "short hepatic portal veins" .The communicating branch vessels between the hepatic inflow vessels form the anatomical basis in reducing the indocyanine green fluorescence stain effect.The relatively fixed position of the hepatic portal plate is considered as a positioning marker for accurate liver resection. The intrahepatic Glisson sheath is connected with thick connective tissue of the hepatic portal panel system, and is regarded as the physical barrier in limiting the proliferation and hypertrophy of hepatocytes and continuation of hepatic portal panel system in the liver.This paper summarizes the anatomy and application of hepatic hilar plate system during hepatobiliary surgery.

Objective: To find out the present pediatrician allocation and the burden of diagnosis and treatment in Beijing, so as to provide evidence for effective allocation of pediatricians. Methods: Data and indicators were selected from Beijing Health Comprehensive Statistical Information Platform, including Manpower Basic Information Survey of Beijing Health Institutions, Annual Report of Medical Institutions, Beijing Statistical Data on Health Work(Compendium), as well as Beijing Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook. The study dynamically analyzed the number of pediatricians, that of pediatricians per 1 000 children, that of outpatients and emergency patients per pediatrician and the number of discharges per pediatrician from 2013 to 2017. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the data. Results: In 2017, the proportion of pediatricians accounted for 2.78% of the total number of doctors in the city, the number of pediatric emergencies accounted for 6.47% of the total outpatients and emergencies in the city, and the number of hospitalizations accounted for 5.70% of the total discharge in the city.From 2013 to 2017, the number of outpatients and emergency patients per pediatrician increased by 40.58%, and the number of discharged patients increased by 36.70%. The proportion of hospitalization at tertiary hospitals increased from 80.2% to 85.1%, and that in primary institutions decreased from 6.3% to 1.7%. Conclusions The study found such setbacks in the allocation of pediatric medical resources in Beijing, as insufficient pediatricians, unreasonable allocation and excessive burden on pediatricians. We should strengthen the planning and construction of pediatric human resources, improve the training mode of pediatricians, improve the salary level of pediatricians, and ease the burden on pediatricians, so as to provide high-quality medical services for children.

Objective To investigate the function characteristics of CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell and provide a basis for further insight into the characteristics of mouse converted double negative T cell.Methods The gene expression profile was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and protein mass spectrometry.The expression of cell active marker CD44,CD69 and OX40 was investigated by flow cytometry and the cytotoxicity of mouse double negative T cell was verified by CFSE staining.Results Mouse CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell expressed cell phenotype that differed from other mature CI4 T cells.Mouse converted double negative T cell expressed high level of active marker of CD44,CD69 and OX40.Cytotoxicity of PrfO DN T was significantly reduced.Conclusions Mouse CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell has distinguishing cell phenotypes,that are not identical to other mature CD4 T cells.Mouse double negative T cell overexpresses cell activation marker and cytotoxic cytokines.The immune suppressive function of mouse double negative T cell is mainly dependent on perforin pathway.