Objective To compare the efficiency of multiple etiological techniques for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice, so as to provide technical supports to assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk. Methods Wild mice were captured with baited traps at night in Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested settings in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Anhui Province from October to November, 2022. S. japonicum infections were detected in wild mice using microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mouse mesenteric tissues, microscopy of mouse liver tissue homogenates, miracidial hatching test of mouse liver tissue homogenates, Kato-Katz technique and miracidial hatching test of mouse stool samples alone and in combinations. Identification of S. japonicum eggs or miracidia by any of these six assays was defined as an infection. The sensitivity of six assays alone or in combinations was compared for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Results A total of 1 703 wild mice were captured, with 366 wild mice detected positive for S. japonicum (21.49%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild mice by six assays (Q = 529.33, P < 0.001) and in the sensitivity of six assays for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice (χ² = 527.78, P < 0.001). In addition, the combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and mesenteric tissues, combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and liver tissue homogenates and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mesenteric tissues, microscopy of liver tissue homogenates and Kato-Katz technique showed 86.61%, 87.16% and 97.27% sensitivities for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice, respectively. Conclusions Diverse etiological assays show various efficiencies for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of mesenteric tissues, and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of liver tissue homogenates are potential approaches for field detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of urogenital tract infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and human papilloma virus (HPV) in males of reproductive age and the associated factors. METHODS: Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and a structured questionnaire, we conducted an investigation among 18－50 years old males in Songjiang District, Shanghai, from August 2016 to July 2018. We collected secretory specimens from the urogenital tract of the subjects and detected the infections of UU and HPV by laboratory examination. RESULTS: Among the 621 males included in this study, 279 (44.93%) were found infected with UU, 18 (2.90%) with HPV, and 15 (2.42%) with both UU and HPV. Univariate analysis showed that smokers had a higher rate of UU infection (50.54% ［140/277］) than non-smokers (40.41 ［139/344］), and those with senior high school or secondary technical school education had a higher rate of HPV infection (4.84% ［12/248］) than others (1.61% ［6/373］). Binary stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of UU infection in the subjects with junior high school or lower education than in others (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39－0.96) as well as in smokers than in non-smokers (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01－2.01). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of UU infection is high, while that of HPV is low among men of reproductive age in Songjiang, Shanghai. The screening of UU infection should be enhanced among men of reproductive age, especially among smokers and those with lower education.

Objective:To assess the effects of direct moxibustion on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in elderly patients with essential hypertension, and to explore the antihypertensive effect and influencing factors of moxibustion. Methods:A total of 101 elderly hypertension patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a direct moxibustion I group (n=33), a direct moxibustion II group (n=34), and a control group (n=34). The treatment of calcium antagonist (CCB) orangiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) was adopted in the control group. The treatment of direct moxibustion I plus the same medicine as the control group were adopted in the direct moxibustion I group, five cones per acupoint and three times per week, for 5 weeks in total. The treatment of direct moxibustion II plus the same medicine as the control groupwere adopted in the direct moxibustion II group, five cones per acupoint and three times per week, for 5 weeks in total. The changes of 24-hour ABP and clinical symptoms of TCM after treatment were compared in the three groups. Results: The mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (mean 24 h ASBP), night ASBP, percentage of mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (mean 24 h ADBP)>90 mmHg, and percentage of day ADBP>90 mmHg in the control group were elevated after treatment (P<0.05). The percentage of night ADBP>80 mmHg in the direct moxibustion I group was reduced by treatment (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the other outcome measures of 24 h ABP, such as day ASBP, percentage of mean 24 h ASBP>140 mmHg, percentage of day ASBP>140 mmHg, percentage of night ASBP>120 mmHg , mean 24 h ADBP, day ADBP, night ADBP, 24 h ambulatory pulse pressure (APP), after treatment in all groups (P>0.05). The degree of improvement of the clinical symptoms of TCM showed significant differences among the three groups of patients (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the direct moxibustion I group was 73.3%, which was superior to those in the direct moxibustion II group and control group (13.3% and 10.0%, respectively). Conclusion:The direct moxibustion has benign regulative effect on blood pressure of elderly patients with essential hypertension, and improves their clinical symptoms. The direct moxibustion method I (burning the next moxa cone after the previous one had totally burnt out) was superior to method II (burning the next moxa cone when the previous one had not totally burnt out ) in lowering blood pressure and improving symptoms of elderly patients with essential hypertension.

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist?to?height ratio (WHtR), and the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In total, 20 194 participants≥18 years old were selected randomly by cluster sampling from two township (town) of the county in Henan province from July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008 and the investigation included questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma glucose,and lipid profile examination were performed at baseline; 17 236 participants were enrolled in this cohort study. 14 720 (85.4%) were followed up from July to August 2013 and July to October 2014. Finally, 11 643 participants (4 301 males and 7 342 females) were included in this study. Incidence density and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the risk of T2DM associated with baseline BMI, WC, WHtR, and their dynamic changes. Results After average of 6.01 years following up for 11 643 participants, 613 developed T2DM and the incidence density was 0.89 per 100 person?years. After adjusted for baseline sex, age, smoking, drinking, family history of diabetes, as well as the difference of fasting plasma?glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL?C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between baseline and follow?up, Cox Proportional?Hazards regression analysis indicated that T2DM risk of baseline BMI overweight group, BMI obesity group, abnormal WC group and abnormal WHtR group were significantly higher than that of the corresponding baseline normal groups , and the incidence risk of T2DM reached the highest for those whose baseline BMI, WC and WHtR were all abnormal, the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 2.05 (1.62-2.59), 3.01 (2.33-3.90), 2.34 (1.89-2.90), 2.88 (2.21-3.74), 3.32 (2.50-4.40), respectively. Whether baseline BMI/WC was normal or not, T2DM risk increased if baseline WHtR was abnormal, and the HR (95%CI) of baseline normal BMI/abnormal WHtR group, baseline abnormal BMI/abnormal WHtR group, baseline normal WC/abnormal WHtR group, baseline abnormal WC/abnormal WHtR group were 1.88 (1.29-2.74), 3.08 (2.34-4.05), 2.15 (1.53-3.00), 3.22 (2.45-4.23), respectively. The analysis for dynamic changes of BMI, WC, and WHtR indicated that in baseline normal WC or WHtR group, T2DM risk increased when baseline normal WC or WHtR developed abnormal at follow?up, and the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 1.79 (1.26-2.55), 2.12 (1.32-3.39), respectively. In baseline abnormal WC or WHtR group, T2DM risk decresed when baseline abnormal WC or WHtR reversed to normal at follow?up, and the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 2.16 (1.42-3.29), 2.62 (1.63-4.20), respectively. Conclusion BMI, WC, and WHtR were associated with increased T2DM risk. The more abnormal aggregation of BMI, WC, and WHtR presents, the higher T2DM risk was. T2DM risk could be decreased when abnormal WC or WHtR reversed to normal.

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist?to?height ratio (WHtR), and the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In total, 20 194 participants≥18 years old were selected randomly by cluster sampling from two township (town) of the county in Henan province from July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008 and the investigation included questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma glucose,and lipid profile examination were performed at baseline; 17 236 participants were enrolled in this cohort study. 14 720 (85.4%) were followed up from July to August 2013 and July to October 2014. Finally, 11 643 participants (4 301 males and 7 342 females) were included in this study. Incidence density and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the risk of T2DM associated with baseline BMI, WC, WHtR, and their dynamic changes. Results After average of 6.01 years following up for 11 643 participants, 613 developed T2DM and the incidence density was 0.89 per 100 person?years. After adjusted for baseline sex, age, smoking, drinking, family history of diabetes, as well as the difference of fasting plasma?glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL?C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between baseline and follow?up, Cox Proportional?Hazards regression analysis indicated that T2DM risk of baseline BMI overweight group, BMI obesity group, abnormal WC group and abnormal WHtR group were significantly higher than that of the corresponding baseline normal groups , and the incidence risk of T2DM reached the highest for those whose baseline BMI, WC and WHtR were all abnormal, the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 2.05 (1.62-2.59), 3.01 (2.33-3.90), 2.34 (1.89-2.90), 2.88 (2.21-3.74), 3.32 (2.50-4.40), respectively. Whether baseline BMI/WC was normal or not, T2DM risk increased if baseline WHtR was abnormal, and the HR (95%CI) of baseline normal BMI/abnormal WHtR group, baseline abnormal BMI/abnormal WHtR group, baseline normal WC/abnormal WHtR group, baseline abnormal WC/abnormal WHtR group were 1.88 (1.29-2.74), 3.08 (2.34-4.05), 2.15 (1.53-3.00), 3.22 (2.45-4.23), respectively. The analysis for dynamic changes of BMI, WC, and WHtR indicated that in baseline normal WC or WHtR group, T2DM risk increased when baseline normal WC or WHtR developed abnormal at follow?up, and the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 1.79 (1.26-2.55), 2.12 (1.32-3.39), respectively. In baseline abnormal WC or WHtR group, T2DM risk decresed when baseline abnormal WC or WHtR reversed to normal at follow?up, and the corresponding HR (95%CI) were 2.16 (1.42-3.29), 2.62 (1.63-4.20), respectively. Conclusion BMI, WC, and WHtR were associated with increased T2DM risk. The more abnormal aggregation of BMI, WC, and WHtR presents, the higher T2DM risk was. T2DM risk could be decreased when abnormal WC or WHtR reversed to normal.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion treating ulcerative colitis (UC) from the relationship between expression of p53 and C-myc protein, and morbidity of UC. Methods: Rats model of UC was made with immune methods and local stimulation.Forty SD rats were divided into normal, model, herb cake-partitioned, and mild moxibustion group by a random number table, 10 rats in each group. Hanging moxibustion in the mild moxibustion group was applied to Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6) for 10 min. Two moxa cones of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion were applied to the same acupoints respectively, in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group. Expression of p53 and C-myc protein was measured with immuno- histochemistical method in the colonic tissue of rats with UC.Results: Postive area, strength,and the immunohistochemistry index of the expression of p53 and C-myc protein were found more in the model rats than those in the normal rats (P＜0.01), whereas less in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion and mild moxibustion groups than those in the model group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: p53and C-myc play important roles in the morbidity and development of UC, and herb cake-partitioned moxibustion could regulate the expression of p53 and C-myc protein in the colonic tissue of UC rats.

According to the requirement of the national assessment for achieving the infection control criteria, 42 villages (among them,25 villages belonged to the first stratum, and 17 villages belonged to the second stratum) in 14 counties from 5 provinces, including Hunnan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and Yunnan, were selected as sampling villages for the assessment.The results from the field assessment showed that 154 out of 9 067 people were found infected with Sckistosoma japonicum, with an average infection rate of 1.7% ranged from 0.31 % to 4.10% , and only Yongping Village from Weishan County and Tenglong Village from Eryuan County were not found any case. A total of 46 out of 3 323 head of cattle were infected with S. japonicum, with an average infection rate of 1.38% ranged from 0.26% to 3.79% , and no any infected individual detected in Nanling County. No outbreak occurred in those sampling villages. Therefore, it is indicated that the five sampling provinces have reached the national criteria on infection control of schistosomiasis.

Objective:To observe the effects of herbal cake.partitioned moxibustion and bran-partition moxibustion in improving symptoms of ulcerative colitis(UC)and the TNF-α and its receptor of colon mucosa.Method:67 UC cases were randomly allocated into herbal cake-partition moxibustion group of 35 cases and bran-partitioned moxibustion group of 32 cases,to compare the improvement and detect the TNF-α and its receptor with inlmunohistochemical method in both groups.Result:Herbal cake.partitioned moxibustion iS prior to bran-partitioned moxibustion in improving of diarrhea,flatus,lassitude,tenesmus and lumbar soreness;The expression of TNF-α,TNF-αR1,and TNF-αR2 are significantly decreased after treatment in herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group,while in bran-partitioned moxibustion group only TNF-αR1 expression is significant decreased after treatment.Conclusion:Moxibustion can well improve the syndromes of UC.Herbal cake.partitioned Moxibustion is prior to bran-partitioned moxibustion in the improvement of diarrhea and flatus;Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion could down-regulate the expression of TNF-α,TNF-αR1.and TNF-αR2.while bran-partitioned moxibustion could only down-regulate the expression of TNF-αR1.

Objeetive:To investigate the effect of acupuncture on serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA)of rats in menopause.Methods:Female rats in menopause were randomly allocated into acupuncture,drugs and control groups,which were treated with acupuncture,Gengnian'an Tablet,and nothing,respectively.In addition,some young female rats were used as contr01.Atier 17-day treatments,serum SOD and MDA were measured with biochemical methods.Results:Compared with the young rats,rats in menopause had lower contents of serum SOD(P＜0.01),and higher contents of MDA(P＜0.01).After acupuncture treatment,the contents of serum SOD increased(P＜0.05),and MDA decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture could increase the serum SOD contents and decrease the serum MDA contents of rats in menopause.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the histopathological changes and serum indexes of rats' liver, and to investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating hepatic fibrosis of rats. Methods: The rat model of hepatic fibrosis was induced with carbon tetrachloride. Then, the rats were divided into electroacupuncture group, medicine group, and model group. The collagen of liver, and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen (PⅢNP), and collagen Ⅳ (C-Ⅳ) were detected with morphologic methods and radioimmunoassay. Results: Compared with normal rats, the collagen was hyperplasia in the liver tissue, and the contents of the serum HA, LN, and PⅢ NP were higher in the model group. The collagen area of liver tissue, and the contents of the serum HA, and LN were lower in rats treated with electroacupuncture than model rats. The contents of serum of PⅢ NP, and C-Ⅳ changed little. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture had some effects of prevention and treatment, and the mechanism may relate to the effects of electroacupuncture in protecting liver cells, inhibiting synthesis of extracellular matrix, and promoting the breakup of collagen.