This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， scientific name evolution， medicinal parts， producting area， harvesting and processing， clinical efficacy of Paridis Rhizoma by consulting the ancient materia medica， medical books and prescription books， combined with modern literature， in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing Paridis Rhizoma. According to research， it can be verified that Paridis Rhizoma was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing with the name of Zaoxiu， and this name has been used for ancient materia medica in the past generations. The name of Chonglou was first appeared in Xinxiu Bencao of the Tang dynasty， and has gradually become the rectification of name， with it being the correct name in modern legal names at all levels. The mainstream source of Paridis Rhizoma used in ancient times was the dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis， but due to the similarity plant morphology of the genus Paris， there was much confusion， and the same genus of plants with thick rhizomes were also used as Paridis Rhizoma， such as P. polyphylla， P. polyphylla var. stenophylla. Since modern times， P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis has also been included as one of the mainstream sources of Paridis Rhizoma. The origin recorded in ancient materia medica are mainly in Shandong， Anhui， Jiangsu， Jiangxi， Yunnan and other regions， which are collected in the wild for medicinal purposes， modern cultivation is more prevalent in southwestern regions， such as Yunnan， Sichuan， Guizhou and Guangxi. In ancient times， the harvest time was mostly root harvesting in April and May of the lunar calendar， while in modern times， they are mostly harvested throughout the year or in autumn. Autumn harvesting is the best choice， with roots removed from the production area， washed， and dried in the sun. In ancient times， Paridis Rhizoma was processed by baking， grinding and other methods， but in modern times， sliced raw products were mainly used as medicine. Paridis Rhizoma has a slightly cold nature， a bitter taste， and a small toxicity. It can regulate the liver meridian， clear heat and detoxify， reduce swelling and pain， cool the liver and calm convulsions. It is used for symptoms such as boils and carbuncles， throat swelling and pain， snake and insect bites， and its flavor and efficacy are basically consistent in ancient and modern records. Based on the results of the textual research， it is recommended that the dried rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. chinensis or P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis should be used in the development of famous classical formulas containing Paridis Rhizoma， the processing method is selected according to the requirements of the formula， and the raw product is recommended to be used as medicine if not specified.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the origin， scientific name， medicinal parts， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing and other aspects of Tsaoko Fructus by consulting ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books in the past dynasties and combining with the modern literature， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Tsaoko Fructus. According to the research， the name of Caoguo（草果） was first used in the Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang（《太平惠民和剂局方》） in the Northern Song dynasty， Tsaoko Fructus is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， and there are also aliases such as Caokou， Doukou， Loukou， Laokou and Caodoukou. The mainstream source of Tsaoko Fructus used in the past dynasties is the dried mature fruit of Amomum tsaoko of Zingiberaceae， but Tsaoko Fructus was often used as a nickname for Amomi Fructus Rotundus or Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen during the Song dynasty. Bencao Pinhui Jingyao（《本草品汇精要》） in the Ming dynasty was the earliest materia medica that recorded Tsaoko Fructus as a separate medicinal herb in sections. Under the influence of early ancient books， there were some books that confused Tsaoko Fructus with other Zingiberaceae plants during the Qing dynasty， it was not until modern times that Tsaoko Fructus was distinguished from other plants. The origin of Tsaoko Fructus is Yunnan and Guangxi， and then gradually expanded to Guizhou and other places. Now Yunnan is the province with the largest planting area of Tsaoko Fructus， and has become the main producing area. Since modern times， it has been recorded in the literature that the quality of Tsaoko Fructus is mainly characterized by large， full， red-brown and strong in smell. According to ancient records， the harvest time of Tsaoko Fructus was in the eighth month of the lunar calendar， and they were mostly used for peeling or simmering. Currently， the harvest period of Tsaoko Fructus is October to November， and then sun-dried or dried after harvesting. The records of the properties and functional indications of Tsaoko Fructus are basically consistent with the ancient and modern documents， which is warm in nature， pungent in flavor， belonging to the spleen and stomach meridians， moderate in dryness and dampness， intercepting malaria and eliminating phlegm， used for internal resistance of cold and dampness， abdominal distension and pain， fullness and vomiting， malaria cold and fever， and plague fever. Based on the research results， it is suggested that A. tsaoko should be used as the medicinal base for the development of famous classical formulas containing Tsaoko Fructus， processing method can be according to the requirements of the prescription， and if the requirements of concoction are not indicated， it can be used in the form of raw products.

Objective:To explore the risk factors affecting endometrial lesions after breast cancer surgery, and build a nomogram prediction model.Methods:From Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2021, 103 patients with abnormal bleeding after breast cancer surgery were selected, the clinical data of the patients were collected, and they were divided into the non-lesion group and the lesion group according to whether the endometrial lesion occurred. A Logistic risk regression model was established to analyze the risk factors affecting endometrial lesions in postoperative patients with breast cancer, a nomogram prediction model was constructed and verified, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to analyze the nomogram model for predicting sensitivityof endometrial lesions.Results:Childbirth history ( OR=37.100, 95% CI: 3.777-527.7, P=0.004), endometrial thickness ( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.699-4.007, P<0.001), menopause ( OR=0.099, 95% CI: 0.015-0.499, P=0.009), abnormal bleeding time ( OR=6.922, 95% CI: 2.221-24.800, P=0.002), and types of treatment drugs ( OR=3.738, 95% CI: 1.187-13.200, P=0.030) had statistical significance in predicting endometrial lesions in postoperative patients with breast cancer. Using the above five variables to construct a nomogram model, the consistency of the nomogram in predicting endometrial lesions in postoperative patients with breast cancer was 0.739, and the discrimination was good. The calibration curve showed that the average absolute error between the predicted probability and the actual probability was 0.041,and ROC curve showed that the AUC value of the nomogram model for predicting endometrial lesions was 0.800. Conclusion:Establishing a nomogram model for predicting the risk of endometrial lesions in postoperative patients with breast cancer has good accuracy and high clinical value.

In this paper， the name， origin， quality evaluation， producing area and processing methods of Lablab Semen Album in the famous classical formulas were researched by reviewing the ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature. The results showed that the name of Lablab Semen Album in the past dynasties was mostly derived from its shape and color， called Biandou and Baibiandou. The mainstream origin used in the past dynasties was Lablab purpureus， the medicinal parts were mainly white mature seeds， with the addition of the leaves in the Song dynasty and the flowers in the Ming dynasty. Since modern times， the authentic producing areas of Lablab Semen Album are Suzhou， Zhejiang and other places， and now mainly produced in Chuxiong and Xinping， Yunnan and Panzhihua， Sichuan. The traditional quality evaluation of Lablab Semen Album is evaluated as large， solid， full and white. The harvesting time of this herb is recorded from the eighth to the ninth lunar month in related literature， the pods are picked when the seeds are ripe， and the seeds are dried in the sun. In ancient times， the processing of Lablab Semen Album mainly consisted of frying the seeds with skin and then pulverizing for use， or soaking and peeling seeds for raw use. Based on the conclusion of the textual research， it is recommended that the seeds or flowers of the white flowering plants of L. purpureus， a member of the leguminosae， should be used in the famous classical formulas， and the dried seeds or dried flowers of Lablab Semen Album can be used as medicine if the formula did not clearly indicate processing requirements.

Humans ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use* ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Risperidone ; China ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To understand the comparability of the detection results of four items (ALT ,AST , GGT ,ALP) of liver enzymology in 11 clinical laboratories in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and offer reference for improving mutual recognition of the results .Methods Eleven clinical labora-tories of XPCC organized the result comparability tests of 4 items of liver enzymology twice in 2017 ,and the samples with 5 batches were completed in each comparability test .One set of detection system in each labora-tory was used as comparability system according to comparability scheme .The detection results were analyzed through Robust Z Score and the evaluation criterion was :|Z|≤2 "satisfied";2< |Z|<3"warning";|Z|≥3 "not satisfied".Results The detection results of all 10 batch samples in 4 clinical laboratories showed |Z|≤2 in 2 comparability tests .In the first comparability test ,the detection results of 5 batch samples for 4 items were |Z|≤2 in 5 laboratories .In the second comparability test ,the detection results of 5 batch samples for 4 i-tems were |Z|≤2 in 8 laboratories ,but the ALT results of 5 batch samples in 1 laboratory showed positive deviation(Z≥3)and the GGT results of 5 batch samples in the other laboratory showed negative deviation (Z≤ -3) .Conclusion The 11 clinical laboratories in XPCC should continuously improve quality management system and make sure that the mutual recognition of the detection results of 4 items of liver enzymology is effective .

Objective To investigate the long-term effects of repeated neonatal administration of dizocipline maleate (MK-801),the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist,on recognition memory and hippocampal excitatory-inhibitory balance at the synaptic level in adult female rats.Methods Neonatal female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model group and control group.Rats were administrated subcutaneously with MK-801 or normal saline from postnatal day (PND) 5 to PND14 (0.25 mg/kg,twice daily).(1) Object-in-context recognition test was performed on PND73-75.(2)The expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results (1) The preference index of model group for new objects was significantly lower than that of the control group (t =-2.762,P=0.012).(2) There was no significant difference in the expression of VGLUT1 in hippocampus of MK-801 mode group(P＞0.05).Compared with control group(48.19±2.10),the VGAT level of model group in CA1 (39.60±2.19) was lower.Compared with control group (CA1:(0.99±0.05),CA3:(1.28±0.02),the ratio of VGLUT1/VGAT was significantly upregulated in CA1(1.16±0.05) and CA3(1.44±0.03) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early NMDA receptor inhibition produces long-term deleterious effects on associative recognition memory and excitatory-inhibitory balance of hippocampus in female rats.These biochemical abnormalities may contribute to cognitive impairments observed in this study.

Amisulpride,a kind of the second generation antipsychotics,was marketed in China in 2010.A series of clinical research and experience before and after listed,especially the data based on Chinese population,provided evidence for the generalization and application of amisulpride.In order to optimize the clinical application of amisulpride,and improve the prognosis of patients,Expert Advice on the Practical Use of Amisulpride in the Treatment of Schizophrenia is presented here.This advice is based on the recent evidence and clinical experience,for guiding the clinical medication of amisulpride.

Objective To explore the attempted suicide risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical charac-teristics in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features (e.g. increased appetite, weight gain and greater time spent sleeping). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and carried out in 13 major mental health centers in China. Totally 179 patients were diagnosed as atypical major depres-sive disorder patients in all 1172 major depressive disorder patients using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) by psychiatrists. Suicide attempters and nonattempters were grouped base on the interview results of suicidality module of the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI). Multiple logistic regression were used to assess association between independent variables and attempted suicide in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features. Results The rater of attempted snicide was 23.5% (42/179) of atypical major depressive disorder patients reported prior or current attempted suicide. Compared to nonattempters, attempters had higher levels of suicidal ideation, postpartum depressive episodes, and the use of antipsychotic, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that number of admissions (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.093~2.740) and depressive episodes with suicidal ideation (OR=3.90, 95%CI: 1.506~10.092) were significantly associat-ed with attempted suicide in atypical unipolar depression patients (P<0.05). Conclusions High number of admissions and high levels of suicidal ideation may be considered as potential risk factors to identify atypical unipolar depression patients at risk for future suicidal behavior.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of serum IgD quantitation in evaluation of clinical efficacy in IgD myeloma.

METHODSSerum IgD and free light chain (sFLC) levels were determined by immune scatter turbidimetry with SPA plus analysis machine in 29 patients with IgD multiple myeloma (MM) achieving VGPR or better response following previous treatments. The concurrent immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) results were also incorporated and analyzed.

RESULTSIncreased IgD levels were detected in 1 of 12 patients achieving sCR, 2 of 5 patients achieving CR and 4 of 12 patients achieving VGPR, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 38.5 months, 34.1 months and 15.5 months for patients achieving sCR, CR and VGPR, respectively, with a significant difference between sCR and VGPR groups (P=0.022), and between CR and VGPR groups (P=0.018). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) among sCR, CR and VGPR groups (P>0.05). The median PFS were 7.8, 33.7 and 43.9 months, respectively for the patients with both abnormal sFLC ratios and IgD levels (6 cases, Group A), with either abnormal sFLC ratios or increased IgD levels (10 cases, Group B) or with normal sFLC ratios and IgD levels (13 cases, Group C). A significant PFS benefit of Group A over Group C was found (P=0.033), and no differences in terms of OS among three groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONIgD levels may remain abnormal in IgD MM patients who have achieved VGPR or better response, and IgD quantitation represented a useful assay complementary to the current lab examinations. IgD quantitation assay was of significance in clinical efficacy evaluation and survival judgement, and should be incorporated into the evaluation parameters used for IgD MM in addition to sFLC and IFE assays.

Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin D ; blood ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; blood ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Remission Induction ; Treatment Outcome