ObjectiveThe contamination of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai was analyzed to provide a scientific basis for food safety， risk assessment and related supervision. MethodsFrom June to September 2021， a total of 143 batches of12 kinds of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables such as lettuce， chicory， and cherry tomatoes were collected from farmers’ markets， supermarkets， and e-commerce platforms. The total number of bacterial colonies， Salmonella， Listeria monocytogenes， Staphylococcus aureus， Cronobacter spp. and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the samples were tested according to National Food Contamination and Harmfulness Risk Monitoring Manual. ResultsAmong the 143 batches， foodborne pathogens were detected in 68 batches， with a total detection rate of 47.55% （68/143）. A total of 79 strains of foodborne pathogens were detected. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest （32.87%， 47/143）， followed by Cronobacter spp. （20.98%， 30/143）， Salmonella （0.70%， 1/143）， Listeria monocytogenes （0.70%， 1/143）， Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli （0.00%）. Furthermore， the detection rate was higher in different ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables： chicory （17.33%）， cucumber （17.14%）， cherry tomatoes （16.00%）， and honeydew melon （15.38%）， respectively. Meanwhile， the contamination rate of pathogens in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables from farmers’ markets， supermarkets， and e-commerce platforms was relatively high. ConclusionReady-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai are contaminated by foodborne pathogens. The prevention and control of the contamination of post-harvest fruits and vegetables should be strengthened to reduce the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.

Quorum sensing (QS) plays a major role in the outbreak mechanism of foodborne diseases caused by food poisoning and food spoilage. QS affects the formation of cell membrane and pathogenicity ofpathogenic bacteria. Through the in-depth understanding of QS molecules of food-borne pathogens, we describe here the types of signal molecules produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the differences in QS molecules. Meanwhile, we introduce the detection of QS molecules by different technologies. According to the influence of QS on food, we propose also future research needs for the control of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Quorum Sensing

Objective To explore the attempted suicide risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical charac-teristics in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features (e.g. increased appetite, weight gain and greater time spent sleeping). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and carried out in 13 major mental health centers in China. Totally 179 patients were diagnosed as atypical major depres-sive disorder patients in all 1172 major depressive disorder patients using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) by psychiatrists. Suicide attempters and nonattempters were grouped base on the interview results of suicidality module of the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI). Multiple logistic regression were used to assess association between independent variables and attempted suicide in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features. Results The rater of attempted snicide was 23.5% (42/179) of atypical major depressive disorder patients reported prior or current attempted suicide. Compared to nonattempters, attempters had higher levels of suicidal ideation, postpartum depressive episodes, and the use of antipsychotic, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that number of admissions (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.093~2.740) and depressive episodes with suicidal ideation (OR=3.90, 95%CI: 1.506~10.092) were significantly associat-ed with attempted suicide in atypical unipolar depression patients (P<0.05). Conclusions High number of admissions and high levels of suicidal ideation may be considered as potential risk factors to identify atypical unipolar depression patients at risk for future suicidal behavior.

Objective To investigate the effects of risperidone and its active metabolite, paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone), on hyperactivity and deficient sensorimotor gating induced by MK-801 in rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=96) were used in this study. The effects of risperidone (0.1 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg) on MK-801-induced (0.40 mg/kg) hyperactivity were examined in 48 rats with with 8 animals per group.The effects of risperidone(0.5 mg/kg)and paliperidone(0.10,0.50,1.00 mg/kg)on MK-801-induced (0.25 mg/kg) deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) were examined in 48 rats with 8~10 animals per group. Results Risperidone (0.10 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.05 mg/kg) diminished the MK-801-induced hyperactivity (P<0.05). But paliperidone (0.10, 0.20 mg/kg) group did not affect locomotor activity compared to the control group. Risperidone (0.10 mg/kg) and different doses of paliperidone (0.10, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg) enhanced the PPI baseline in rats. However, only risperidone (0.10 mg/kg), but not paliperidone restored the MK-801-induced deficits in PPI. Conclusion Risperidone and paliperidone have different pharmacological actions on MK-801-induced hyperactivity and deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats, suggesting that pharmacological actions of paliperidone are different from those of risperidone, although paliperidone is the active metabolite of risperidone.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to sui?cidal attempt in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with anxious characteristics. Methods Based on the anxious module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a total of 728 anxious MDD patients from 13 major men?tal health centers in China were classified as suicidal and non-suicidal attempt groups. Further analyses regarding risk factors of suicidal attempt in anxious MDD patients were performed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Re?sults Among the 728 patients with anxious MDD analyzed, 135 (18.5%) of them had suicidal attempt and 593 (81.5%) had non-suicidal attempt. Compared to the non-suicidal attempt group, patients with suicidal attempt had significantly earlier age onset[(32.3 ± 11.9) vs. (35.3 ± 13.1)], more lifetime depression episodes (median:2 vs. 2), more number of ad?missions (median: 1 vs. 0), more frequent depressive episodes (14.8% vs. 7.4%), more atypical characteristics (25.9%vs.15.0%), more suicidal ideation (78.5%vs. 50.3%) and more antidepressant use (81.5%vs. 71.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that number of admissions (OR=1.18, 95%CI:1.02~1.37), frequent depressive episodes (OR=2.10, 95%CI:1.14~3.68), depressive episodes with suicidal ideation (OR=3.55, 95%CI:2.28~5.54) were associated with suicidal at?tempt in MDD patients with anxious characteristics (P<0.05). Conclusions More number of admissions, more frequent depressive episodes, comorbid suicidal ideation may be risk factors of suicidal attempt in anxious MDD patients.

Objective:To compare the suicidality risk in major depressive disorder (MDD)patients with and without anxious characteristics,and analyze the risk factors of suicidality in MDD patients. Methods:This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for people with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP),which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP),from September 1,2010 to February 28, 201 1. Based on the anxious module and suicide module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M. I. N. I),1 172 MDD patients were classified as suffering from anxious MDD (n=728,62. 1%)and non-anxious MDD(n=444,37. 9%). Logistic regression was employed to examine the risk factors of suicidality in MDD pa-tients. Results:Among the anxious MDD patients,331 (45. 5%)of them had suicidality risk. And 54(12. 2%)of non-anxious MDD patients had suicidality risk. Compare to the non-anxious group,the anxious MDD patients had significantly higher suicidality risk (P<0. 00 1 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that more frequent depressive episodes (OR=2. 07 ),depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms (OR=2. 0 1 ),comorbid with anxious charac-teristics (OR=3. 18)or melancholic characteristics (OR=2. 90)were associated with suicidality risk in patients with MDD. Conclusion:It indicates that the anxious MDD patients may have higher suicidality risk than non-anx-ious MDD patients,and more frequent depressive episodes,depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms,comorbid with anxious characteristics or melancholic characteristics may be risk factors of suicidality in patients with MDD.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to sui?cide risk in misdiagnosed bipolar disorderⅡ(BPⅡ) treated for major depressive disorder. Methods A total of l478 con?secutive major depressive disorder patients were interviewed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) in 13 major mental health centers in China. Of the 1478 patients, 190 patients were diagnosed BPⅡ, who were divided into two groups (nonsuicidal risk and suicidal risk) with the suicidality module of MINI. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate significant risk factors associated with suicide risk in misdiagnosed BPⅡtreated for major depres?sive disorder. Results Of the 190 patients, 116 were in the nonsuicidal risk group and 74 were in the suicidal risk group. In comparison to the nonsuicidal risk group, the suicidal risk group had younger age [(34.45 ± 11.18) vs.(37.23 ± 13.22), P=0.008], earlier age at onset [(26.20 ± 9.16) vs. (30.37 ± 11.59), P=0.007], and more suicidal ideation (82.4%vs. 53.4%, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.969,95% CI:0.945~0.993) and depressive epi?sodes with suicidal ideation (OR=4.129,95%CI:2.030~8.397) were significantly associated with suicide risk in patients of misdiagnosed BPⅡtreated for major depressive disorder (P<0.05). Conclusions Younger age, severer suicidal ide?ation may be potential independent risk factors to suicide risk in BPⅡwith misdiagnosed with major depressive disor?der.

Objective To prepare and identify monoclonal antibody against LRR-WSC domain of polycystin-1 and to investigate the distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and kidney cell lines. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with fusion protein PC1-e of polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. The splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells by PEG 4000 and the hybridomas were selected in HAT medium. The hybridoma clones secreting antibodies against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of anti-polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain monoclonal antibody from hybridoma was verified by ELISA and Western blot. The distribution of polycystin-1 in tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results One cell line of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 was established. Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted strongly and specifically to polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. Distribution of polycystin-1 in fetal kidney was localized in tubular epithelium. In normal adult kidney tissues, our study showed that polycystin-1 was mainly expressed in the medullary collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. Positive staining was also found in the majority of cyst-lining epithelial ceEs of cystic tissue from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD) patients. Expressions of polycystin-1 were found in either ADPKD cyst-lining epithelia cell line and LLC-PK1, clearly plasma membrane and intracytoplasmic staining of polycystin-1 were observed. Conclusion Specific monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were obtained. The antibody is important to researching the mechanism of ADPKD. The distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and cells show that polycystin-1 was important in tubular elongation and the maintenance of tubular architecture.

Objective:To investigate characteristic expression of TGF-?1 in human ADPKD and clarify its role in the development and progression of human ADPKD. Methods:Cyst fluid, urinary and plasma TGF-?1 levels were determined by ELISA in 39 ADPKD patients. The results were compared with those of normal subjects and of patients with simple renal cyst. TGF-?1, TGF-?1 receptors types Ⅰ, types Ⅱ, CTGF mRNA and proteins in the kidneys of human ADPKD were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The relationship of the above fibrosing-associated indicators with the degree of interstitial fibrosis was analyzed. Results:Plasma TGF-?1 level was the highest among body fluids. In ADPKD and simple renal cyst, TGF-?1 levels were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (15.12 ?8.53)?g/L vs (5.41?1.31) ?g/L,P

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum sFasL level with carotid arterial intima- media thickness(IMT) and some known markers of inflammation, nutritional status in uremic patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Methods 134 uremic patients on hemodialysis were divided into two groups, CVD group (n=103) and non-CVD group (n=31). The serum level of sFasL, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, TNF-? and albumin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The expression of Fas and FasL in radial arterial endothelial cells were observed both by immuohistochemical stain and by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The Carotid arterial IMTs were measured by Color doppler ultrasonography. Results Compared with the non-CVD group, CVD group showed significantly increased serum sFasL, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-?, and decreased serum albumin(P