Objective:To analyze the association between healthy lifestyle and mortality among Henan Province 35-74 years old individuals.Methods:Data from the programme of screening and intervention subjects with high-risk cardiovascular disease 99 133 adults were analyzed in a provincial cohort study of 16 counties. Four healthy lifestyle behaviors were assessed based on a questionnaire survey. Information on mortality endpoints was retrieved from the national death surveillance system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between healthy lifestyles, mortality risk and population attributable fraction (PAF).Results:Out of the adult participants in Henan, 50.6% adhered to a healthy lifestyle, and only 0.1% adhered to 4 healthy lifestyle behaviours. During a mean of 4.5 years, 2 685 all-cause death and 1 283 cardiovascular deaths were documented. The decreased risk of mortality among individuals with non-smoking, moderate drinking, adequate exercise and healthy diet were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.89), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.79) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.96), while the adjusted PAF for all-cause deaths were 5.2% (95% CI: 2.5%-7.9%), 24.0% (95% CI: 10.7%-36.4%), 19.4% (95% CI: 13.8%-24.8%) and 12.3% (95% CI: 3.4%-20.9%), respectively. A combined healthy lifestyle can bring more health benefits. Adherence to 4 healthy lifestyle behaviours could avoid 49.1% of all-cause death. Conclusion:Adherence to a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of death, and participants with a healthy lifestyle had a lower mortality risk.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a PM2.5air pollution-induced mouse model of pulmo-nary inflammation and investigate its pathogenetic mechanism. Methods 150 specific pathogen-free BALB/c mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of 2.5,5,or 10 mg/kg PM2.5suspension to construct airborne inflammation models. The blank group and saline group were taken as a control group. Mice were euthanized after 3rd,7th,21st,35th and 49th days to assess the pathological changes in lung tissues using HE staining and ELISA. Results The success rate of tracheal instillation was 96%. With the time prolongation and increasing doses of intratracheal PM2.5instillation,the histopathologi-cal scores of lung tissue increased gradually,showing alveolar macrophages with engulfed particles and lymphocyte accumu-lation in bronchiole and widened inter-alveolar space. The levels of BALF IL-6 and TNF-α of lung tissue homogenate were significantly increased in the high dose PM2.5(10 mg/kg)group, compared with the control groups. Conclusions A mouse model of PM2.5air pollution-induced lung inflammation is successfully established by intratracheal instillation of PM2.5suspension.This method is proved to be simple,safe and reliable,and is useful for further study of air pollution-in-duced and other inflammatory mechanisms.