The outer membrane composed predominantly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential biological barrier for most Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide transport protein (Lpt) complex LptDE is responsible for the critical final stage of LPS transport and outer membrane assembly. The structure and function of LptDE are highly conserved in most G^- bacteria but absent in mammalian cells, and thus LptDE complex is regarded as an attractive antibacterial target. In recent 10 years, the deciphering of the three-dimensional structure of LptDE protein facilities the drug discovery based on such "non-enzyme" proteins. Murepavadin, a peptidomimetic compound, was reported to be the first compound able to target LptD, enlightening a new class of antibacterial molecules with novel mechanisms of action. This article is devoted to summarize the molecular characteristics, structure-function of LptDE protein complex and review the development of murepavadin and related peptidomimetic compounds, in order to provide references for relevant researches.

AIM: To establish a method for quantitation of cefepime and avibactam in M-H broth, and applicated in the in vitro dynamic PK/PD model. METHODS: The cefepime was also determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), the avibactam was also determined using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), an in vitro dynamic PK/PD model was established to study the PK/PD relationship of cefepime/avibactam against carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). RESULTS: The linear ranges of cefepime and avibactam were good at (0.5-20) and (0.1-25) μg/mL (r=0.999), and the lower limit concentrations were 0.5 and 0.1 μg/mL. The extraction recoveries of cefepime and avibactam in M-H broth were 88.0%-101.7% and 90.9%-95.2%, the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were less than 5.2%. The concentration-time curves were well simulated by the PK/PD model. All observed concentrations in each experiment were in the range of 20% of the targeted values. For the CRKP of MIC=8 μg/mL and MIC=16 μg/mL, the colony decreased to 2.783Log10 CFU/mL and 1.325Log10 CFU/mL at the cefepime/avibactam 2.5 g q8 h administration after 24 h. CONCLUSION: The determination method of cefepime and avibactam in broth established in this study has high sensitivity and good stability. For the CRKP with MIC≤8 μg/mL,cefepime/avibactam showed that good anti-CRKP activity under routine administration in vitro dynamic PK/PD model.

Objective:To guide cost control and the development of orthopedic specialty services in actual payment by thoroughly analyzing the functioning of DRG simulation in the pediatric orthopedic department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Methods:A total of 736 patients from the orthopedic ward of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included as study subjects.The four-quadrant grouping method was employed to examine the profitability status of each diagnosis group in detail.A logistic regression model explored the key factors influencing profitability.Results:Congenital illnesses and traumas account for most pediatric orthopedic cases.Benefit groups(2 groups,4.8％),disadvantageous groups(15 groups,35.7％),key groups(8 groups,19.0％),and potential groups(17 groups,40.5％)are found using the Boston Matrix analysis.The profit group depends on the benefit groups(IF19,IH15)for 67.7％of its total revenue.No matter how profitable they are,medical consumables comprise a sizable portion(43％-45％).According to regression analysis,hospital profitability is highly impacted by age,consumable ratio,examination cost ratio,surgery cost ratio,and other cost ratios(P＜0.05).The consumable ratio is the most significant negative predictor(β=-2.238).Conclusion:Hospitals need to optimize their cost structure and increase the probability of profitability through refined management of consumables,the four-quadrant analysis method,strengthened cost accounting,and differentiated resource allocation.

Talents are the main force for the development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， and the construction of TCM talents and the reformation of talent evaluation system are essential to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. At present， we are still exploring and developing in the fields of the formulation， implementation and evaluation indicators of TCM talent evaluation system. However， there are shortcomings and difficulties. For instance， insufficient stratification in the evaluation， excessive emphasis on the quantity of achievements， neglecting the quality of the achievements and the actual contribution， imperfect assessment indicators， and the weak characteristics of TCM. Therefore， national ministries and commissions have jointly issued a document requesting to break the four only and set a new standard， in order to promote the construction of a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented by innovation value， ability and contribution. For the evaluation of TCM clinical talents， China Association for Science and Technology commissioned China Association of Chinese Medicine to build the China Clinical Cases Library of TCM（CCCL-TCM）， which aims at collecting the most authoritative and representative TCM clinical cases and exploring the advantages of applying clinical cases as masterpiece of achievement in TCM clinical talents evaluation. CCCL-TCM can promote the construction of a talent evaluation system that is more in line with the development characteristics of TCM industry， and to carry out relevant pilot in TCM colleges and institutions across the country in order to promote the reformation of TCM talent evaluation system.

Emphasizing symptom efficacy is an important manifestation of the personalized diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. However， in current clinical practice of TCM， there are challenges such as diverse symptom expressions， difficulty in standardization， inconsistent evaluation standards for symptom efficacy， lack of universal quantitative methods， and complexity in collecting complete and accurate symptom information. These issues hinder the full and effective utilization of symptom information. Addressing the current research status and existing problems of symptom terminology standardization， quantification and grading of symptom efficacy， and collection of symptom information， this paper proposes methodological strategies for effectively recording and utilizing TCM symptom efficacy information in the era of big data. These strategies include collecting TCM symptom information based on patient reporting， standardizing the evaluation of TCM symptom efficacy from measurement scales and evaluation dimensions， integrating TCM symptom efficacy evaluation into clinical diagnosis and treatment processes， and utilizing artificial intelligence technology to acquire and process TCM symptom efficacy information. TCM symptom efficacy evaluation strategies based on patient perspectives and artificial intelligence technology will help fully explore the value of data elements， promote the objective demonstration of the specific efficacy of TCM， and facilitate the discovery of effective patterns.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique in the treatment of alar reduction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent alar reduction from February 2019 to June 2022. A spindle-shaped incision line was designed along the outer edge of the base of the nasal lobule, with a width of 4-5 mm and a length of 8-12 mm. The incision line was 1-2 mm away from the alar groove, and the inner side of the design line was extended to the inside of the nasal vestibule. After the incision was made, the subcutaneous tissue was undermining dissected with curved sharp scissors, and the shape of the extended excision tissue was similar to that of jujube core. After reduction, the incision was closed with vertical mattress suture. The surgical effect and complications were followed up after surgery, and an independent attending plastic surgeon evaluated the outcome and scarring based on photos before and at the last postoperative follow-up using the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). GAIS is graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points, and the lower the score, the better the improvement(≤3 points as effective improvement). VSS includes four parameters: color (0-3 points), thickness (0-4 points), vascular distribution (0-3 points), and softness (0-5 points). The higher the score, the more significant the scar is.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled, including 6 males and 14 females, aged 20 to 33 years, with an average age of 24.9 years. Before the operation, there were different degrees of alar flare and alar hypertrophy. After surgery, 13 patients had mild swelling, ecchymosis, which resolved after 3 days. There were no major complications as infection, incision dehiscence, and delayed healing. After 3 to 16 months of postoperative follow-up, 2 patients gradually developed cartilage deformation and affected the appearance of the nostrils 6 to 9 months after surgery due to the combination of rib-based rhinoplasty, and the satisfactory results were obtained after revision surgery. The symmetry of the nostrils was significantly improved. The GAIS score of 20 patients was (1.20±0.41) points, of which, 16 patients were rated as 1 point and 4 patients were rated as 2 points, all of which met the improvement criteria, and the VSS score was (1.45±0.60) points, in which the average score for color, thickness, vasculature and compliance are 0.60, 0.05, 0.55 and 0.30 points respectively.Conclusion:The application of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique for alar reduction can increase the amount of tissue removal with the same incision width, which can not only fully narrow the alar effectively but also correct the hypertrophy of the alar tissue.

Objective As primary Sj?gren's syndrome(pSS)primarily affects the salivary glands,saliva can serve as an indicator of the glands'pathophysiology and the disease's status.This study aims to illustrate the salivary proteomic profiles of pSS patients and identify potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosis. Methods The discovery set contained 49 samples(24 from pSS and 25 from age-and gender-matched healthy controls[HCs])and the validation set included 25 samples(12 from pSS and 13 from HCs).Totally 36 pSS patients and 38 HCs were centrally randomized into the discovery set or to the validation set at a 2:1 ratio.Unstimulated whole saliva samples from pSS patients and HCs were analyzed using a data-independent acquisition(DIA)strategy on a 2D LC-HRMS/MS platform to reveal differential proteins.The crucial proteins were verified using DIA analysis and annotated using gene ontology(GO)and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts(IPA)analysis.A prediction model for SS was established using random forests. Results A total of 1,963 proteins were discovered,and 136 proteins exhibited differential representation in pSS patients.The bioinformatic research indicated that these proteins were primarily linked to immunological functions,metabolism,and inflammation.A panel of 19 protein biomarkers was identified by ranking order based on P-value and random forest algorichm,and was validated as the predictive biomarkers exhibiting good performance with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.817 for discovery set and 0.882 for validation set. Conclusions The candidate protein panel discovered may aid in pSS diagnosis.Salivary proteomic analysis is a promising non-invasive method for prognostic evaluation and early and precise treatments for pSS patients.DIA offers the best time efficiency and data dependability and may be a suitable option for future research on the salivary proteome.

Objective:To guide cost control and the development of orthopedic specialty services in actual payment by thoroughly analyzing the functioning of DRG simulation in the pediatric orthopedic department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Methods:A total of 736 patients from the orthopedic ward of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included as study subjects.The four-quadrant grouping method was employed to examine the profitability status of each diagnosis group in detail.A logistic regression model explored the key factors influencing profitability.Results:Congenital illnesses and traumas account for most pediatric orthopedic cases.Benefit groups(2 groups,4.8％),disadvantageous groups(15 groups,35.7％),key groups(8 groups,19.0％),and potential groups(17 groups,40.5％)are found using the Boston Matrix analysis.The profit group depends on the benefit groups(IF19,IH15)for 67.7％of its total revenue.No matter how profitable they are,medical consumables comprise a sizable portion(43％-45％).According to regression analysis,hospital profitability is highly impacted by age,consumable ratio,examination cost ratio,surgery cost ratio,and other cost ratios(P＜0.05).The consumable ratio is the most significant negative predictor(β=-2.238).Conclusion:Hospitals need to optimize their cost structure and increase the probability of profitability through refined management of consumables,the four-quadrant analysis method,strengthened cost accounting,and differentiated resource allocation.

Objective:To guide cost control and the development of orthopedic specialty services in actual payment by thoroughly analyzing the functioning of DRG simulation in the pediatric orthopedic department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Methods:A total of 736 patients from the orthopedic ward of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included as study subjects.The four-quadrant grouping method was employed to examine the profitability status of each diagnosis group in detail.A logistic regression model explored the key factors influencing profitability.Results:Congenital illnesses and traumas account for most pediatric orthopedic cases.Benefit groups(2 groups,4.8％),disadvantageous groups(15 groups,35.7％),key groups(8 groups,19.0％),and potential groups(17 groups,40.5％)are found using the Boston Matrix analysis.The profit group depends on the benefit groups(IF19,IH15)for 67.7％of its total revenue.No matter how profitable they are,medical consumables comprise a sizable portion(43％-45％).According to regression analysis,hospital profitability is highly impacted by age,consumable ratio,examination cost ratio,surgery cost ratio,and other cost ratios(P＜0.05).The consumable ratio is the most significant negative predictor(β=-2.238).Conclusion:Hospitals need to optimize their cost structure and increase the probability of profitability through refined management of consumables,the four-quadrant analysis method,strengthened cost accounting,and differentiated resource allocation.

Objective:To guide cost control and the development of orthopedic specialty services in actual payment by thoroughly analyzing the functioning of DRG simulation in the pediatric orthopedic department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Methods:A total of 736 patients from the orthopedic ward of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included as study subjects.The four-quadrant grouping method was employed to examine the profitability status of each diagnosis group in detail.A logistic regression model explored the key factors influencing profitability.Results:Congenital illnesses and traumas account for most pediatric orthopedic cases.Benefit groups(2 groups,4.8％),disadvantageous groups(15 groups,35.7％),key groups(8 groups,19.0％),and potential groups(17 groups,40.5％)are found using the Boston Matrix analysis.The profit group depends on the benefit groups(IF19,IH15)for 67.7％of its total revenue.No matter how profitable they are,medical consumables comprise a sizable portion(43％-45％).According to regression analysis,hospital profitability is highly impacted by age,consumable ratio,examination cost ratio,surgery cost ratio,and other cost ratios(P＜0.05).The consumable ratio is the most significant negative predictor(β=-2.238).Conclusion:Hospitals need to optimize their cost structure and increase the probability of profitability through refined management of consumables,the four-quadrant analysis method,strengthened cost accounting,and differentiated resource allocation.