Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

ObjectiveTo understand the process and influencing factors affecting the utilization of influenza vaccination services and vaccination decision-making among the elderly in Shanghai, to explore the delivery of influenza vaccination services and the difficulties faced by the health service system, and to provide guidance for optimizing immunization strategies. MethodsBased on the vaccine hesitancy determinants matrix, semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in influenza vaccination services in Shanghai from January to February 2024, using a purposive sampling method. Participants were included until thematic saturation was achieved. Interview data were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and organized using NVivo 20 software, and analyzed using the thematic framework method. ResultsA total of 25 interviewees were included, including 9 medical staff, 12 elderly people aged 60 and above, and 4 family members. The study found that Shanghai had a well-managed and standardized influenza vaccination service. However, the promotion of vaccine-related information at the grassroots level was passive and limited. Out-of-pocket payment of the vaccine and cultural beliefs of the elderly negatively impacted vaccination rates. Meanwhile, recommendations from family, friends, and medical staff facilitated vaccination, although the impact varied depending on the type of medical staff. Neighborhood committees in townships and streets played a crucial role in delivering vaccination information to the target population. Additionally, the internet, social media, and the COVID-19 vaccine had both positive and negative impacts on influenza vaccination. Strategic optimization of vaccination should prioritize price concessions, enhance publicity strategies, and improve awareness, professionalism, and willingness among medical and healthcare workers to recommend vaccination. ConclusionThe influenza vaccination service in Shanghai is well-managed and standardized. However, it is essential to consider the influence of family and other support systems on the elderly. It is also necessary to enhance the professionalism, service awareness, and willingness to recommend among the medical staff. Furthermore, systematic interventions and publicity efforts should be effectively integrated with social media and the functions of neighborhood committees.

Objective Little is known about the association between whole-blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)levels and nabothian cysts.This study aimed to assess the association between NAD+levels and nabothian cysts in healthy Chinese women. Methods Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between NAD+levels and nabothian cysts. Results The mean age was 43.0±11.5 years,and the mean level of NAD+was 31.3±5.3 μmol/L.Nabothian cysts occurred in 184(27.7%)participants,with single and multiple cysts in 100(15.0%)and 84(12.6%)participants,respectively.The total nabothian cyst prevalence gradually decreased from 37.4%to 21.6%from Q1 to Q4 of NAD+and the prevalence of single and multiple nabothian cysts also decreased across the NAD+quartiles.As compared with the highest NAD+quartile(≥34.4 μmol/L),the adjusted odds ratios with 95%confidence interval of the NAD+Q1 was 1.89(1.14-3.14)for total nabothian cysts.The risk of total and single nabothian cysts linearly decreased with increasing NAD+levels,while the risk of multiple nabothian cysts decreased more rapidly at NAD+levels of 28.0 to 35.0 μmol/L. Conclusion:Low NAD+levels were associated with an increased risk of total and multiple nabothian cysts.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Objective To explore the influence of extracellular matrix protein ABI-interactor 3-binding protein(ABI3BP)on vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)genome replication and innate immune signaling pathway. Methods The small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected to knock down ABI3BP gene in human skin fibroblast BJ-5ta cells.VSV-green fluorescent protein(VSV-GFP)-infected cell model was established.The morphological changes and F-actin stress fiber formation were detected on ABI3BP knockdown cells by phalloidin immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA level of virus replication was detected by RT-qPCR in BJ-5ta cells after VSV-GFP infection;western blotting was performed to detect the changes in interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)andTANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)phosphorylation levels. Results The VSV-GFP-infected BJ-5ta cell model was successfully established.Efficient knockdown of ABI3BP in BJ-5ta cells was achieved.Phalloidin immunofluorescence staining revealed structural rearrangement of intracellular F-actin after ABI3BP gene knockdown.Compared with the control group,the gene copy number of VSV-GFP in ABI3BP knockdown cells increased by 2.2-3.5 times(P＜0.01)and 2.2-4.0 times(P＜0.01)respectively when infected with VSV of multiplicity of infection 0.1 and 1.The expression of viral protein significantly increased in ABI3BP knockdown cells after virus infection.The activation of type-Ⅰ interferon pathway,as determined by phosphorylated IRF3 and phosphorylated TBK1,was significantly decreased in ABI3BP knockdown cells after VSV-GFP infection. Conclusions Extracellular matrix protein ABI3BP plays an important role in maintaining the formation and rearrangement of actin structure.ABI3BP gene deletion promotes RNA virus replication,and ABI3BP is an important molecule that maintains the integrity of type Ⅰ interferon pathway.

Objective: To investigate the association of parental knowledge and skills in myopia prevention and control with healthy eye behavior in primary school children, so as to provide a basis for accurate family education. Methods: A total of 4 979 students in grades 1-5 from eight elementary schools in Pudong New Area were sampled between October and December in 2022 by using a stratified cluster sampling method. A self administered questionnaire was used to assess healthy eye behavior in primary school children and parental knowledge and skills in myopia prevention and control. The Chi squared test, independent samples t-test and Logistic regression were used to analyse the association between parental knowledge and skills in myopia prevention and control and healthy eye behaviour in primary school children. Results: Parents of primary school children with a high level of knowledge and skills in myopia prevention and control were 50.97% and 56.36%, respectively. The knowlegde entry scores for parents of lower and middle elementary school students were higher than those of parents of upper primary students with respect to their understanding, on the main causes of myopia in their children, the correct knowledge of myopia prevention and control, the role of family members in helping each other to manage and treat myopia in their children and the parents responsibility to teach their children to use their eyes correctly and scientifically (3.05±1.21, 2.97±1.20; 5.92±0.68, 5.83±0.86; 4.46±0.88, 4.40±0.93; 3.88±1.04, 3.72±1.07); all differences were statistically significant (t=2.04, 3.39, 2.00, 4.87, P<0.05). The differences in the scores of parents of primary school children in different grades for all items were statistically significant (t=2.93-7.31, P<0.05) in the skill entries. Parental knowledge levels were poor for items of full scores that assessed the following: knowing the main causes of their childrens myopia, awareness of the correct knowledge of myopia prevention and control measures, awareness of Comprehensive Prevention and Control Strategy for Children and Adolescents with Myopia, and concerning that their childrens future education and employment will be affected by myopia, understanding the responsibility of parents for guiding children to use their eyes scientifically and correctly, with 12.71%, 22.90%, 19.30%, 21.83% and 22.47% respectively. Parental skills were poor for items of full scores that assessed the following:reminding their children to rest their eyes when doing homework, reading or writing, deliberately avoiding mobile phone use when spending time with their children, the number of times which taking children to the hospital for refractive screening in the past year, and giving their children extra learning tasks, with 33.26%, 15.12%, 9.00% and 5.36% respectively. Compared to parental knowledge in myopia prevention and control, parental skills had a more pronounced effect on the four dimensions of healthy eye behavior (reading and writing, screen time, outdoor activities, and sleep duration) among students in different grades (OR=1.41-3.37, P<0.05). Conclusions Parental knowledge and skills in myopia prevention and control are still insafficient, associated with healthy eye behavior in primary school children. There is a need to strengthen accurate health education for parents on the prevention and control of myopia, to cultivate healthy eye behaviour among primary school students and reduce the incidence of myopia among them.

Objective This paper aims to investigate and analyze the baseline conformity rate of bacterial culture exami-nation records in a tertiary specialized hospital.By doing this,this paper seeks to understand the current situation of medical re-cord writing of bacterial culture examination and explore the improvement path and relevant measures for enhancing the conformity rate of bacterial culture examination records.Methods According to the requirements of"Quality Control Index of Medical Re-cord Management(2021 Edition)",a retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 317 medical records that underwent bacterial culture examination in 2022.Results The execution rate of medical orders was 100.00％,the completeness rate of the report sheet was 100.00％,the record rate of medical records was 81.05％,the analysis rate of results was 33.07％,and the conformi-ty rate of bacterial culture examination records was 33.07％.Conclusion It is imperative to enhance the conformity rate of bac-terial culture examination records and improve the quality of medical records in terms of content.

This study was aimed at summarizing the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal changes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Hubei Province,China from 2005 to 2021,to provide scientific evi-dence for HFRS prevention and control.Data on individual HFRS cases and population information in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the China Disease Pre-vention and Control Information System.The temporal,spa-tial,and demographic distribution characteristics of HFRS cases are described,and statistical methods such as medians,rates,and composition ratios were used for analysis.Joinpoint re-gression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze the temporal trends in incidence rates or composition ratios.Global autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were conducted for spatial clustering analysis.Binary logistic regression was per-formed to analyze risk factors for HFRS mortality.A total of 5 790 HFRS cases were reported from 2005 to 2021,including 117 deaths.The average annual incidence rate was 0.57 per 100 000 population,and the case fatality rate was 2.02％.The overall incidence rate of HFRS in Hubei Province showed an increasing trend(AAPC=4.05％,95％CI:1.32％-6.78％),whereas the case fatality rate showed a decreasing trend over the years(r,=-0.72,P=0.002).HFRS exhibited a bimodal pattern,with peaks in the spring/summer months(May to July)and in the autumn/winter months(November to January of the following year).The incidence rate during the autumn/winter peak was slightly higher than that in the spring/summer peak.The incidence rate in males was higher than in females(RR=2.96,95％CI:2.79-3.14).The three age groups with the highest incidence rates were 60-64 years(747 cases,1.55 per 100 000),65-69 years(515 cases,1.39 per 100 000),and 55-59 years(762 cases,1.23 per 100 000).The incidence rate(2005:0.05 per 100 000;2021:0.08 per 100 000)and proportion(2005:2.69％;2021:1.94％)of HFRS cases in individuals 14 years or younger showed no significant trend over the years(AAPC=0.14％,95％CI:-0.03％-0.31％;AAPC=-3.64％,95％CI:-8.79％-1.50％).The incidence rate(2005:0.58 per 100 000;2021:1.59 per 100 000)and proportion(2005:14.80％;2021:44.31％)in the age group of 60 years or a-bove showed an increasing trend over the years(AAPC=10.52％,95％CI:4.38％-16.66％;AAPC=175.98％,95％CI:143.20％-208.75％).HFRS cases exhibited significant spatial clustering(P＜0.05).The hotspots of HFRS in Hubei Province shifted from the northern region(Xiangyang,Suizhou,Jingmen)in 2005-2007 to the southern region(Qianjiang,Xiantao,Tianmen,Jingzhou)in 2020-2021.Older age(OR=1.02,95％CI:1.01-1.04)and the period of 2005-2008 versus 2017-2021(OR=0.98,95％CI:0.97-0.99)were associated with relatively higher risk of HFRS mortality.In recent years,the HFRS epidemic in Hubei Province has continued to escalate,and areas such as Qianjiang City and other ares in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced high incidence rates.The population 60 years of age or above is gradually becoming more susceptible to the disease.Targeted measures should be implemented to curb the rising trend of HFRS.

Objective:To establish a mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-based in vitro cell model for the evaluation of mouse bone marrow acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD).Methods:Female C57BL/6N mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as bone marrow and lymphocyte donors,and female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as aGVHD recipients.The recipient mouse received a lethal dose(8.0 Gy,72.76 cGy/min)of total body γ irradiation,and injected with donor mouse derived bone marrow cells(1× 107/mouse)in 6-8 hours post irradiation to establish a bone marrow transplantation(BMT)mouse model(n=20).In addition,the recipient mice received a lethal dose(8.0 Gy,72.76 cGy/min)of total body γ irradiation,and injected with donor mouse derived bone marrow cells(1 × 107/mouse)and spleen lymphocytes(2 × 106/mouse)in 6-8 hours post irradiation to establish a mouse aGVHD model(n=20).On the day 7 after modeling,the recipient mice were anesthetized and the blood was harvested post eyeball enucleation.The serum was collected by centrifugation.Mouse MSCs were isolated and cultured with the addition of 2％,5％,and 10％recipient serum from BMT group or aGVHD group respectively.The colony-forming unit-fibroblast(CFU-F)experiment was performed to evaluate the potential effects of serums on the self-renewal ability of MSC.The expression of CD29 and CD105 of MSC was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.In addition,the expression of self-renewal-related genes including Oct-4,Sox-2,and Nanog in MSC was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Results:We successfully established an in vitro cell model that could mimic the bone marrow microenvironment damage of the mouse with aGVHD.CFU-F assay showed that,on day 7 after the culture,compared with the BMT group,MSC colony formation ability of aGVHD serum concentrations groups of 2％and 5％was significantly reduced(P＜0.05);after the culture,at day 14,compared with the BMT group,MSC colony formation ability in different aGVHD serum concentration was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The immunofluorescence staining showed that,compared with the BMT group,the proportion of MSC surface molecules CD29+and CD 105+cells was significantly dereased in the aGVHD serum concentration group(P＜0.05),the most significant difference was at a serum concentration of 10％(P＜0.001,P＜0.01).The results of RT-qPCR detection showed that the expression of the MSC self-renewal-related genes Oct-4,Sox-2,and Nanog was decreased,the most significant difference was observed at an aGVHD serum concentration of 10％(P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.001).Conclusion:By co-culturing different concentrations of mouse aGVHD serum and mouse MSC,we found that the addition of mouse aGVHD serum at different concentrations impaired the MSC self-renewal ability,which providing a new tool for the field of aGVHD bone marrow microenvironment damage.

Objective: To evaluate the image quality of novel dark-blood computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging combined with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared to delayed-phase CTA images with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), to visualize the cervical artery wall in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Materials and Methods: This prospective study continuously recruited 53 patients with TAK (mean age: 33.8 ± 10.2 years; 49 females) between January and July 2022 who underwent head-neck CTA scans. The arterial- and delayed-phase images were reconstructed using HIR and DLR. Subtracted images of the arterial-phase from the delayed-phase were then added to the original delayed-phase using a denoising filter to generate the final-dark-blood images. Qualitative image quality scores and quantitative parameters were obtained and compared among the three groups of images: Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR, and Dark-blood-DLR. Results: Compared to Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR images demonstrated higher qualitative scores in terms of vascular wall visualization and diagnostic confidence index (all P < 0.001). These qualitative scores further improved after applying DLR (Dark-blood-DLR compared to Dark-blood-HIR, all P < 0.001). Dark-blood DLR also showed higher scores for overall image noise than Dark-blood-HIR (P < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values between the vessel wall and lumen for the bilateral common carotid arteries and brachiocephalic trunk were significantly higher on Darkblood-HIR images than on Delayed-HIR images (all P < 0.05). The CNR values were significantly higher for Dark-blood-DLR than for Dark-blood-HIR in all cervical arteries (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Compared with Delayed-HIR CTA, the dark-blood method combined with DLR improved CTA image quality and enhanced visualization of the cervical artery wall in patients with TAK.