Based on the focal adhesion kinase(FAK)/steroid receptor coactivator(Src)/extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK) pathway, this study explored the effects of Xihuang Pills on angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in prostate cancer. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze and identify the active ingredients of Xihuang Pills. Bioinformatics techniques, including R language and Perl programs, were employed to analyze the interactions between prostate cancer-related targets and the potential targets of Xihuang Pills. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of prostate cancer was established in nude mice using PC3 cells to verify the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of Xihuang Pills. In vitro cellular experiments, including cell proliferation assays(CCK-8), Transwell assays, scratch assays, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and Western blot, were used to detect the effects of Xihuang Pills on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of prostate cancer cells, as well as on FAK/Src/ERK pathway-related targets. LC-MS/MS identified 99 active ingredients in Xihuang Pills, including gallic acid, gentisic acid, artemisinin, corilagin, phenylbutazone-glucoside, thujic acid, and arecoic acid B. Network pharmacological analysis of the active ingredients in Xihuang Pills revealed that the FAK/Src/ERK signaling pathway was a key pathway in its anti-prostate cancer effects. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that Xihuang Pills significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC3 and LNCaP cells, suppressed the growth of PC3 subcutaneous tumors, and reduced the protein expression levels related to the FAK/Src/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by regulating the FAK/Src/ERK pathway is one of the mechanisms by which Xihuang Pills exert anti-prostate cancer effects.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; src-Family Kinases/genetics* ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics* ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Angiogenesis

Lung is the largest organ of the respiratory system. During hypoxia, pulmonary cells undergo rapid damage changes and activate the self-rescue pathways, thus leading to complex biomacromolecule modification. Death from mechanical asphyxia refers to death due to acute respiratory disorder caused by mechanical violence. Because of the absence of characteristic signs in corpse, the accurate identification of mechanical asphyxia has always been the difficulty in forensic pathology. This paper reviews the biomacromolecule changes under the pulmonary hypoxia condition and discusses the possibility of application of these changes to accurate identification of death from mechanical asphyxia, aiming to provide new ideas for related research.
Humans ; Asphyxia/pathology* ; Cause of Death ; Hypoxia/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Brain Mapping ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Schizophrenia/therapy* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male condition, which is closely related with cardiovascular diseases. With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular events, arteriogenic ED (AED) is becoming more prevalent in recent years. Despite the variety of therapies for ED, no effective treatment has been found for this arteriogenic type. Based on the experience in the successful treatment of cardiovascular diseases by endovascular therapy, some scholars are carrying out clinical researches on this therapy for AED, which has shed some new light on its management. This review outlines recent advances in the studies of endovascular therapy for AED.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; complications ; therapy ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; etiology ; therapy ; Male

Objective To study the effect of Danshiliuhao decoction on the expression of tumor necrosis factor -α( TNF -α) and nuclear factor-κB( NF -κB ) in the bile pigment with stone in Guinea pigs. Methods The female Guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups.The blank group ( n =10 ) , the model group ( n =15 ) and test group ( Danshiliuhao,n=15 ) .The latter two groups of the Guinea pigs were both modeled as the bile pigment stones model by feeding them with a different diet .The Guinea pigs in test group were given Danshi-liuhao decoction 7.7 g? kg-1? d-1 for 30 days.The rate of stone formation and the expression of the gallbladder TNF-αand NF-κB were observed af-ter administration by immunohistochemistry.Results The rate of stone formation was 90.62% in model group, significantly higher than that (26.76%) in the blank group.The results suggested that the model for Danshiliuhao is successfully built and the drug is an effective agent for anti-gallstones.The expression of the TNF -αand NF -κB in test group were significantly lower than model group. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Danshiliuhao Decoc-tion significantly reduced the rate of pigment stone formation in Guinea pigs.This may be related to the decreased expression of TNF-αand NF-κB proteins in gallbladders of Guinea pigs by the drug.

Objective To investigate immunity of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine(rAdV)containing codon-modified neuraminidase(Mod.NA)gene of H5N1 influenza virus in BALB/c mice and to screen for appropriate dose.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with the rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine intramuscularly twice (double injection at 0 and 4~(th) week)in three groups,low dosage(10~5 TCI_(50) per dose),medium dosage(10~7 TCID_(50) per dose)and high dosage(10~9 TCID_(50) per dose).The effect of humoral and cell-mediated immunity were analysod at 5~th week.Results ①The rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine eould elicit both humoral and cell-mediated robust NA specific immunity in mice by neuraminidase inhibitor assay and IFN-γ ELISpot assay;②10~7 TCID_(50) per dose Was the appropriate dose;③ Peptide NA_(109-124):CRTFFLTQGALLNDKH and peptide NA_(182-199):AVAVLKYNGIITDTIKSW were the dominant epitopes for neuraminidase-immunized BALB/c mice,which was screened out from the whole length of neuraminidase of an H5N1 virus,A/Anhui/1/2005.Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus NA could induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c after immunization,which suggest rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine was a potential vaccine candidate against H5N1 influenza and worthy of further investigation.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (MTW) for treatment of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.

METHODForty-five kidney transplant recipients with proternuria were randomized into 3 groups (n=15) and received full daily dose (1 mg/kg) MTW, half dose (0.5 mg/kg) MTW or no MTW (control) in addition to immunosuppressant therapy. The 24-hour urinary protein (24 h Upro), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), dose of ciclosporin and the adverse effects of MTW were recorded.

RESULTSMTW at both the full dose and half dose significantly reduced the 24 h Upro as compared to exclusive immunosuppressant therapy (P<0.05). The therapeutic dose of ciclosporin in patients with full and half dose of MTW was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the patients receiving full dose MTW showed greater adverse effects than those having half dose MTW (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMTW can significantly ameliorate proteinuria, reduce the therapeutic dose of ciclosporin and protect the renal function in kidney transplant recipients. While producing similar therapeutic effect to routine full dose, long-term use of half dose MTW may reduce the adverse effect associated with MTW.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glycosides ; therapeutic use ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility and the characteristics of recombinant baculovirus as spiral ganglion cells (SGC) gene transfer vector.

METHODSAfter the generation of baculovirus- green fluorescent protein( Bac-GFP) according to Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, SGC were infected by Bac-GFP with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) and different concentrations of sodium butyrate. The transfection cell rate and mean fluorescence strength (MFS) were detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Toxicity effects of recombinant baculovirus vectors and sodium butyrate on SGC were determined by spectroscopic measurement of 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTF).

RESULTSBaculovirus was able to infect primary SGC cultures. The dose-response characteristics of Bac-GFP were determined on SGC, and the expression level could be up-regulated by sodium butyrate. Infection with Bac-GFP in the absence or presence of sodium butyrate (< or =10 mmol/L) was considered to be non-cytotoxic to primary SGC. GFP had been expressed in SGC at 6 h post-infection and the highest numbers of cells expressing GFP were observed at approximately 48 h post-infection.

CONCLUSIONSBaculovirus is a novel and promising tool for gene transferring into the cochlear nervous system both for studies of the function of foreign genes and the development of gene therapy strategies.

Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spiral Ganglion ; cytology ; Transfection

Objective To observe the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-aza-CdR)on the normal epithelial specific-1 gene(NES1)and the growth of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice,and to explore the possible anti-tumor mechanisms and search for new treatment for gastric cancer.Methods Human gastric caner xenograft model in nude mice was established and treated with 5-aza-CdR.The growth of xenografts in nude mice was observed,and the status of methylation and protein expression of NES1 gene were detected by MSP and immunohistochemistry respectirely.Results After treatment with 5-aza-CdR,the growth of the xenografts in nude mice was greatly inhibited(P