No abstract available.
Medical Identity Theft

Although delusion of theft (DT) is the most frequent type of delusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD), its relationship to cognitive functions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between DT and cognitive functions in mild AD. Two hundred eighty-nine mild AD patients were enrolled in this study. These subjects were classified into three groups: patients with no delusions (ND, n=82), patients with paranoid delusions (PD, n=114) and patients with DT (n=93). Cognitive functions and their associations with the degree of delusion were compared among the three groups. The results showed that verbal Fluency scores were significantly lower in the PD group than in the DT and ND groups. Word List Recall scores were significantly lower in the DT group than in the PD and ND groups. Interestingly, delusion severity measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory delusion subscale correlated negatively with the Word List Recall scores in the DT group. In this study, we demonstrated that episodic memory functions in mild AD patients were associated with DT, but not with PD. Further studies might be needed to clarify the pathophysiology of delusions associated with AD.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Cognition* ; Delusions* ; Humans ; Memory, Episodic ; Theft*

This study investigates beyond the bifurcated myth of the medical migration of Korean women to Germany in the 1970s, which is known as the “German dispatchment” myth from the Korean perspective and the “development aid” discourse from that of the Germans, by focusing on the newly-released documents from the German Hospital Federation (Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft, DKG). The migration was essentially a transfer of labor from a weak to a strong state, and the disparity of state strength characterized the nature of the recruitment mechanism. Both Korea and Germany have romanticized the labor transfer and appropriated the collective experiences of migrants for their own political purposes. In this transnational business, the Korean Overseas Development Corporation (KODCO) and the DKG maintained exclusivity in the labor migration channel and were faithful to their own interests. The DKG, as a representative of the German healthcare industry, was concerned about being criticized for destroying the healthcare system of developing countries by stealing their skilled workforce. They, therefore, tried to influence publicity in Korea and Germany to persuade the people that the recruitment benefited both countries. However, the DKG was aware of the deceitfulness of its “development aid” discourse. The Korean government, which advanced the labor export for the sake of obtaining foreign currency, romanticized it as patriotism and used the term “German dispatchment.” However, the incapacity and corruption of KODCO as an agency from the Korean perspective resulted in criticism regarding its recruitment program. The DKG complained that the selection of incapable personnel coupled with corruption was causing unforeseen financial damage to its member hospitals. Nevertheless, it officially defended its partner for the sake of its own interests, such as avoiding bad publicity and securing the sustainability of the recruitment program. The conflicts regarding nursing tasks and working conditions between Korean nurses and their German colleagues and employers captured in the documents of the DKG trace the origin of the issues in relation to cultural misunderstanding and pervasive racism. The disparity of state strength between the two countries resulted in the subaltern position of Korean female healthcare workers in the global labor market, and they tried to bring forth the best possible outcome while working in a foreign country in unfamiliar circumstances. However, the difficulties with female guest workers from Asia were generally credited to their inability to adhere to the German working style. This study contributes to the existing scholarship on this topic by filling the gaps. Historical research on the medical migration of Korean nurses and nurse-aides to West Germany has relied on limited historical sources. In 2013, the National Archives of Korea transferred official documents regarding these workers that were produced and archived by the DKG, which represented the interests of German healthcare institutions. Its documents on Korean nursing personnel provide supplementary information and display findings in different perspectives. They do not bring forth completely new findings that have never been researched before but are still valuable for delivering concrete evidence on the circumstances of that time, which were previously merely inferred.
Asia ; Commerce ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Emigration and Immigration ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Female* ; Germany* ; Health Care Sector ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Racism ; Theft ; Transients and Migrants

OBJECTIVES: There exists only a limited number of studies on the people's perception of criminality of people with mental illness. People's fear of the dangerousness of people with mental illness may have been exaggerated, and yet there are few studies exploring whether people's view of the crime rates of mentally ill people are correct or not. METHODS: A total of 363 college students participated in the present study. The present study first compared the official statistics of the crime rates of the mentally ill with the public perception. In addition, the rates of mentally ill offenders with previous convictions across crime types are compared with people's perception. RESULTS: Compared to the official crime statistics, people's estimates of crime rates of mentally ill offenders were grossly exaggerated across crime types, including fraud, assault, rape, robbery, theft, homicide, and arson. Furthermore, the rates of mentally ill offenders with previous convictions across all crime types on the official crime statistics were actually higher than people's estimates. CONCLUSION: The present findings reveal that people's view of the crime rates of mentally ill people is considerably distorted. There is an urgent need to clarify these prejudices in order to help people with mentally illness adjust to society and to prevent them from committing crime.
Crime* ; Criminals ; Dangerous Behavior ; Firesetting Behavior ; Fraud ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Prejudice ; Rape ; Theft

The detection of plagiarism in scholarly articles is a complex process. It requires not just quantitative analysis with the similarity recording by anti-plagiarism software but also assessment of the readers' opinion, pointing to the theft of ideas, methodologies, and graphics. In this article we describe a blatant case of plagiarism by Chinese authors, who copied a Russian article from a non-indexed and not widely visible Russian journal, and published their own report in English in an open-access journal indexed by Scopus and Web of Science and archived in PubMed Central. The details of copying in the translated English article were presented by the Russian author to the chief editor of the index journal, consultants from Scopus, anti-plagiarism experts, and the administrator of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The correspondents from Scopus and COPE pointed to the decisive role of the editors' of the English journal who may consider further actions if plagiarism is confirmed. After all, the chief editor of the English journal retracted the article on grounds of plagiarism and published a retraction note, although no details of the complexity of the case were reported. The case points to the need for combining anti-plagiarism efforts and actively seeking opinion of non-native English-speaking authors and readers who may spot intellectual theft which is not always detected by software.
Administrative Personnel ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Consultants ; Editorial Policies ; Ethics ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Plagiarism ; Publications ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct* ; Theft

INTRODUCTIONIn Singapore, theft and related crimes constitute more than 50% of all reported crime, and are the most common offences committed by accused persons remanded to the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Singapore. There is a need for better understanding of the forensic psychiatric aspects of such offenders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among theft offenders remanded or referred for forensic assessment in 2010, compare the differences between first-time and repeat theft offenders, and identify the factors associated with reoffence.

METHODSForensic evaluations of inpatient and outpatient theft offenders that were conducted at IMH in the year 2010 were retrieved and reviewed. The sociodemographic and clinical data of first-time and repeat theft offenders were collected and compared using Student's t-test and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate regression was used to identify the factors that were predictive of repeat offence.

RESULTSOverall, 10% of offenders had no mental illness. Substance use disorders, mood disorders and psychotic disorders were the most common diagnoses. Psychotic disorders were significantly less common in repeat offenders. Repeat offenders also tended to have a history of conduct problems in childhood. Noncompliance with psychiatric treatment was positively associated with repeat offence, while psychotic disorders were negatively associated.

CONCLUSIONThe pattern of psychiatric morbidity among theft offenders in Singapore has changed over the last ten years. Kleptomania remains rare. Significant differences between first-time and repeat offenders have implications on the treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of theft offenders in Singapore.

Adult ; Crime ; Criminals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Psychiatry ; methods ; Singapore ; Substance-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Theft

OBJECTIVES: Externalized behavioral problems are prevalent in adolescents, due to the difficulties associated with this developmental stage. Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as other psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, result in the manifestation of many behavioral problems during adolescence. METHODS: For this report, we analyzed a sample of 31 adolescents, each of whom had presented with CD or ODD at Chosun University Hospital between 2002 and 2010. We separated subjects into depressed and non-depressed groups according to their Beck Depression Inventory scores (BDI<10, non-depressed ; BDI> or =10, depressed). Then we analyzed for neuropsychological differences between the depressed and non-depressed groups. RESULTS: In our sample, adolescents in the depressed group showed less of a stealing (deceitfulness and/or theft) behavioral pattern and presented with more anxiety symptoms, lower self-esteem, and greater sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, as compared to the non-depressed group. CONCLUSION: When adolescents exhibit disruptive behavior, clinicians should consider the underlying causes of the behavior.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Conduct Disorder ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Theft

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the factor structure of the BEHAVE-AD, Korean version, and to identify the cross-cultural validity of the observed factors . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of geriatric patients evaluated at a mental hospital for the elderly. SAMPLE: One hundred and twelve consecutive patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria (52 probable AD and 60 possible AD). RESULTS: Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation resulted in a five-factor solution that accounted for 50.0% of the common variance. The five factors included behavioral dyscontrol (wandering, purposeless activity, inappropriate activity, verbal aggressiveness, physical threats/ violence), anxiety (agitation, anxiety of upcoming events, other anxiety, fear of being left alone and other phobia), delusions (delusion of theft, delusion one's house is not one's home, delusion of infidelity, suspiciousness/paranoia, other delusion), hallucination (visual hallucination, auditory hallucination), depression (delusion of abandonment, tearfulness, depressed mood). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the BEHAVE-AD measures a wide range of behavioral pathology that can be empirically represented by five independent symptom clusters among AD patients admitted in a mental hospital for the Korean elderly. Cross-cultural persepctive may be necessary to interpret factor structure of this study compared to other studies from Western countries.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Anxiety ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delusions ; Dementia ; Depression ; Hallucinations ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Pathology* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Theft

OBJECT: This study was devised to examine the demographic characteristics, psychopathology and associated psychiatric disorder of the Kleptomania offenders. METHODS: Kleptomania offenders who was referred to the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital was concerned. RESULTS: Most of the Kleptomania offenders were women(92.6%, N=25) and lived alone(71.4%, N=20). In their first stealing, 25(92.6%) reported stressful situation just before stealing behavior but at admission 14(51.9%) is reported. Kleptomania experienced physical and sexual abuse during childhood; 9(33.3%) in case of physical abuse and 12(44.4%) in case of sexual abuse. At admission, Most of them complains of depressive mood(88.9%, N=24) and anxiety(88.9%, M=24), and any disorders like delusion was rare(7.4%, M=2). Most of Kleptomania offenders were comorbid psychiatric disorder; mood disorder(48.1%, N=13), personality disorder(40.7%, N=11), psychotic disorder(25.9%, N=7), anxiety disorder(14.8%, N=4) and alcohol dependence(14.8%, N=4). 24(88.9%) responded to the psychiatric treatment and 16(59.2%) of them had good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Most of Kleptomania offenders were single women and were abused physically or sexually during childhood. They had comorbid psychiatric disorder that responded to the psychiatric treatment and had good prognosis.
Anxiety ; Criminals* ; Delusions ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders* ; Prognosis ; Psychopathology* ; Sex Offenses ; Theft

The nationwide spreaded institutionalized mental disordered offenders admitted in the several mental hospitals were transfered in one time after opening in November 3, 1987 until the end of 1988. In 1989, new admitted MDOs were 5.8%, 107 among total 1849, 203 MDOs(11%) were admitted newly in 1997. The new admitted MDOs were increased every year. The diagnosis of total 1849 mental disordered offenders to be admitted during 11 years from November 3, 1987 to December 31, 1997.Schizophrenia is 69.8%, Epilepsy 0%, Personality disorders 4.0%, Mental Retardation 4.0%, Alcohol-related disorder 3.0%, Substance-related disorder(other than alcohol) 2.0%. The crimes of total 1849 MDOs for 11 years are as follows; Homicide 33.2%, Violence 19.2%, Manslaughter 12.5%, Stealing 8.1%, Arson 6.4%, Robbery 2.5%, Rape 2.2%,II-legal Substance Abuse 1.6%. Year average recidivism of MDOs for 11 years are as follows:1st crime 70.6%, 2nd crime 12.3%, 3rd crime 4.9%, 4th crime 3.7%, 5th crime 8.5%. The number 77(6.8%) among 1141 total discharged MDOs are admitted again after discharge from the Forensic Psychiatric Hospital. The readmitted 77 MDOs for 11 years according to crimes are as follows: Stealing 30(38.9%), Substance Abuse 14(18.2%), Violence 11(14.3%), Arson 5(7.8%), Robbery 5(6.5%), Rape 5(6.5%), Homicide 4(5.2%). The readmitted 77 MDOs for 11 years according to crimes are as follows:Stealing 30(38.9%), Substance Abuse 14(18.2%), Violence 11(14.3%), Arson 6(7.8%), Robbery 5(6.5%), Rape 5(6.5%), Homicide 4(5.2%). The readmitted 77 MDOs for 11 years according to diagnosis are as follows: Schizophrenia 36(46.7%), Substance Abuse 15(19.5%), Kleptomaina 6(7.8%), Mental Retardation 4(5.2%), Personality disorders 4(5.2%), Epilesy 1(1.3%), Delusional disorder 2(2.6%), Bipolar Disorder 2(2.6%), Alcohol dependency 1(1.3%). II. Mental evaluation for Criminal Responsibility The diagnostic classification of total 1422 Mental Evaluation for 11 years are as follows: Schizophenia 431(30.3%), Alcohol-related disorder 205(14.4%), Mood disorder 188(13.2%), Personality disorders 124(8.7%), Mental retardation 108(7.6%), Delusional disorder 67(4.7%), and mental disorder due to general medical condition 42(3.0%). The number sentenced to insanity are 597(44.9%) among total 1331, diminished capacity 546(41%), and 'normal' 188(14.1%).
Alcohol-Related Disorders ; Bipolar Disorder ; Classification ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Firesetting Behavior ; Homicide ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea* ; Mental Disorders ; Mood Disorders ; Personality Disorders ; Rape ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Theft ; Violence