Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens

Objective: To develop effective alternatives to natural enzymes, it is crucial to develop nanozymes that are economical, resource efficient, and environmentally conscious. Carbon nanomaterials that have enzyme-like activities have been extensively developed as substitutes for traditional enzymes. Methods: Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) were directly synthesized via a one-step electrochemical method from a MAX precursor using an ammonium bifluoride electrolyte at ambient conditions. The CDCs were characterized by systematic techniques. Results: CDCs showed bienzyme-like activities similar to that of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. We systematically studied the dependence of CDC enzyme-like activity on different electrolytes and electrolysis times to confirm activity dependence on CDC content. Additionally, the synthesis mechanism and CDC applicability were elaborated and demonstrated, respectively. Conclusion The demonstrated synthesis strategy eliminates tedious intercalation and delamination centrifugation steps and avoids using high concentrations of HF, high temperatures, and halogen gases. This study paves the way for designing two-dimensional material-based nanocatalysts for nanoenzyme and other applications.
Ammonium Compounds/chemical synthesis* ; Carbon/chemistry* ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Enzymes ; Fluorides/chemical synthesis* ; Humans ; Nanostructures ; Oxidation-Reduction

Objective:To measure the anatomical parameters of the simulated low tibial tunnel of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) based on knee CT images so as to provide clinical reference for accurate location of the tunnel.Methods:The CT images of 201 healthy knee joints collected at Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from June 2016 to September 2021 were used for simulation of the PCL low tibial tunnel. The anatomical parameters of the tibial tunnel were measured using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. The primary measures included the angle between tibial plateau and tibial tunnel (ATPT) and the perpendicular distances from the tibial tunnel entrance and exit point to the tibial plateau (L1 and L2). The secondary measures included the angle between tibial plateau and posterior slope (PSA), the angle between tibial anatomical axis and central line of tibial tunnel (ATAA), the angle between posterior tibial slope line and the central line of tibial tunnel (APST), the anterior and posterior diameter of tibial plateau (APD), the length of posterior tibial slope (LPTS), and the length of tibial tunnel (LTT). The measurement results were analyzed according to the body height (divided into 3 groups: a 1.00 to 1.60 m group, a 1.61 to 1.70 m group, and a ≥1.71 m group) and gender using the software IBM SPSS 26.Results:The primary measures: ATPT was 37.0°±4.5°, and L1 and L2 were respectively (57.8±7.4) mm and (34.5±3.3) mm. The secondary measures: PSA 128.1°±5.4°, ATAA 52.7°±4.1°, APST 89.1°±5.9°, APD was (32.9±2.6) mm, LPTS (20.5±2.4) mm, and LTT (40.9±5.7) mm. After grouping by gender, there was no significant difference in PSA between men and women ( P>0.05) while there were significant differences in the other indexes between men and women ( P<0.05). After grouping by body height, there was no significant difference in ATPT, PSA, APST or ATAA between the 3 groups (1.00 to 1.60 m group, 1.61 to 1.70 m group and ≥1.71 m group) ( P>0.05) while there were significant differences in L1, L2, APD, LPTS and LTT between the 3 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Based on the knee CT images, the primary measures of PCL low tibial tunnel are as follows: the angle between tibial plateau and tibial tunnel is 37.0°±4.5°, and the perpendicular distances from the tibial tunnel entrance and exit point to the tibial plateau are (57.8±7.4) mm and (34.5±3.3) mm, respectively. Gender and body height are the important factors influencing the above measurement outcomes.

ObjectiveTo explore the radiosensitization and underlying mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyutang on subcutaneous transplanted esophageal carcinoma. MethodThe subcutaneous xenograft model of human esophageal carcinoma ECA-109 in nude mice was induced and the model mice were divided into a model group， an irradiation group， a Xuefu Zhuyutang group， and a combination group， with six nude mice in each group. After the intervention， the transplanted tumors were removed and weighed， and the tumor inhibition rate of each group was calculated according to the formula. The protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The protein expression of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， HIF-1α， VEGFA， and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2） in transplanted tumors was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGFA in transplanted tumors was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the conditions in the model group， the tumor weight decreased in the irradiation group and the Xuefu Zhuyutang group （P<0.05）， as well as the combination group （P<0.01）. Compared with the irradiation group， the combination group showed decreased tumor weight （P<0.05）， with tumor inhibition rate of 57.37%. Compared with the model group， the irradiation group， the Xuefu Zhuyutang group， and the combination group showed decreased protein expression of VEGFR2， p-mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGFA （P<0.05， P<0.01） and reduced mRNA expression of mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGFA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the irradiation group， the combination group showed down-regulated protein expression of VEGFR2， p-mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGFA （P<0.05， P<0.01） and reduced mRNA expression of mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGFA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXuefu Zhuyutang can inhibit the growth of transplanted esophageal carcinoma ECA-109 in nude mice and shows an obvious radiosensitization effect in combination with radiotherapy. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway to improve the hypoxic state of tumors.

Textual research on Chinese herbs is the preliminary work for the preparation of famous classical prescriptions. Through literature review，it was found that the researches of Persicae Semen focused on chemical compositions，pharmacological mechanism and medical record analysis in the recent years，and few researches based on the ancient literature were about the origin，concocting methods，flavor，meridian tropism，effects and indications. Textual research shows that the most commonly used names are Taoren and Taoheren，with a wide range of producing areas. The plant origin of Persicae Semen has not changed much since ancient times. Before the Qing dynasty，the plant origin of Persicae Semen was from the seeds of a kind of fruit named Shantao or Maotao，and in modern times，the seeds of Amygdalus persica or A. davidiana have become the major source. While different books have different views on Latin names for the origin of the Persicae Semen. We suggest that the Latin names of A. persica and A. davidiana should be more reasonable for Tao and Shantao respectively .In the concocting methods of Persicae Semen for activating vital energy and blood circulation，raw Persicae Semen should be used with peel and tip，while for moisturizing dryness，it should be fried into yellow without peel. Therefore，in the concocting methods of Persicae Semen for Taohe Chengqitang and Taohong Siwutang，the raw materials should be fried into yellow without peel or tip，while for Shentong Zhuyutang，raw Persicae Semen materials should be used with peel and tip. The indications of Persicae Semen include amenorrhea，lump，parasite，obstruction of chest，cough and asthma，constipation，etc.，and the people with blood deficiency，blood dryness and the pregnant women should use it with caution or should not use it. The modern clinical application of Persicae Semen is only a partial inheritance of ancient literature，which means that the Persicae Semen still has many effects to be verified and studied，and it is worthwhile for further exploration in order to expand its clinical application. The records of ancient literature on flavor，meridian tropism，and quality evaluation of Persicae Semen were consistent with those in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Because of the similar appearance，it is especially difficult to distinguish Persicae Semen and Armeniacae Semenis Amarum after crushing ，requiring much time and money for identification. It is recommended that medical institutions should purchase Persicae Semen without crushing as far as possible，then decide the best concocting methods according to the clinical requirement.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of arsenic trioxide (As METHODS: Transplantation of LVG hamster hearts to Lewis rats was performed by anastomosis of vessels in the neck using end-to-end anastomosis with a non-suture cuff technique. Four groups of recipient rats (n=6 in each) were treated with normal saline (control), As RESULTS: Expression of Nrf2-ARE-HO-1 signaling pathway was upregulated in heart xenografts in rats treated with As CONCLUSION Combination treatment with As
Animals ; Arsenic Trioxide ; Cricetinae ; Heart Transplantation ; Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism* ; Heterografts ; Leflunomide ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To construct a preoperative evaluation system for partial nephrectomy using CT three-dimensional visualization technology and to explore its practical value. METHODS: The clinical data of the patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital were collected retrospectively. At the same time, the homogenized standard data of patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors were collected in 16 clinical centers in China. The CT three-dimensional visualization system was applied (IPS system, Yorktal) to evaluate tumor anatomy, blood supply, perirenal fat and other information. The parameters were summarized to build a three-dimensional nephrometry system, on the basis of which virtual surgery design and intraoperative navigation were completed. RESULTS: A three-dimensional visualization image was established based on the enhanced CT urography. The nephrometry system included the longest diameter and volume of the tumor, proportion volume of tumor invading the parenchyma, maximum depth of the tumor invading the parenchyma, contact surface area, flatness of the tumor surface, renal segment where the tumor was located, vascular variation, and perirenal fat. The average two-dimensional diameter of the tumor was (2.78±1.43) cm, the average three-dimensional maximum diameter was (3.09±1.35) cm, and the average postoperative pathological size was (3.01±1.38) cm. The maximum tumor diameter in the three-dimensional image was significantly related to the prolonged renal artery clamping time and intra-operative blood loss (r=0.502, P=0.020; r=0.403, P=0.046). The three-dimensional and pathological tumor volume were (25.7±48.4) cm³ and (33.0±36.4) cm³, respectively (P=0.229). The tumor volume was significantly related to the intraoperative blood loss (r=0.660, P < 0.001). The proportion volume of the tumor invading into renal parenchyma was significantly related to the prolongation of renal artery clamping and the occurrence of postoperative complications (r=0.410, P=0.041; r=0.587, P=0.005). The tumor contact surface area and the presence of vascular variation did not show correlation with the perioperative data and postoperative complications. While the preoperative evaluation was completed, the reconstructed three-dimensional image could be zoomed, rotated, combined display, color adjustment, transparency, and simulated cutting on the Touch Viewer system. The process generally consisted of showing or hiding the tissue, adjusting the transparency of the interested area, rotating and zooming the image to match the position of the surgical patient. Together, these functions met the requirements of preoperative virtual surgery plan and intraoperative auxiliary navigation. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional images can provide a more intuitive anatomical structure. The CT three-dimensional visua-lization system clearly displays tumor anatomical parameters, blood supply and perirenal fat. The three-dimensional nephrometry system for renal tumors can help predict the difficulty of partial nephrectomy and perioperative complications. Importing the reconstructed three-dimensional visualization image into the specified program or robot operating system can complete virtual surgery and intraoperative navigation, helping the surgeon to better grasp the surgical process. The indexes included in the nephrometry system and the score weights of each index need to be confirmed and perfected by multi-center study with large samples.
China ; Humans ; Kidney/surgery* ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery* ; Laparoscopy ; Nephrectomy ; Retrospective Studies

The phenomenon that waste of fungus-growing materials in the planting process of Gastrodia elata is very common. It has been proved by practice that the used fungus-growing materials planted with G. elata can be used to plant Phallus impudicus. But the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we compared the different infested-capacity of Armillaria gallica and Phallus impudicus by morphological anatomy of the used fungus-growing materials. We also compared the differences on the two fungi consumed the main contents of fungus-growing materials, cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, by using nitric acid-95% ethanol method, sulfuric acid method and tetrabromide method respectively, so that to explore the mechanism of A. gallica and P. impudicus recycle the fungus-growing materials, and to provide scientific basis for recycling the used fungus-growing materials of G. elata. The results showed that A. gallica had a strong ability to invade some parts outside the vascular cambium, but it had a weak ability to invade some parts inside the vascular cambium, while P. impudicus had a strong ability to invade the same parts. The contents of lignin and cellulose, which from inside and outside the vascular cambium of fungus-growing materials were significantly different. In the parts of outside the vascular cambium of fungus-growing materials, A. gallica degraded more lignin and cellulose, while P. impudicus degraded more hemicellulose. In the parts of inside the vascular cambium of fungus-growing materials, A. gallica degraded more cellulose, while P. impudicus degraded more hemicellulose. The present results suggested that A. gallica and P. impudicus made differential utilization of the carbon source in the fungus-growing materials to realize that P. impudicus recycle the used fungus-growing materials of G. elata. A. gallica used lignin and cellulose as the main carbon source, while P. impudicus used hemicellulose as the main carbon source.
Agaricales/growth & development* ; Armillaria/growth & development* ; Cellulose/metabolism* ; Lignin/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/metabolism*

Fungal disease is an important factor restricting the healthy development of Gastrodia elata industry. The control of fungal disease in G. elata is an important issue in production. This paper makes a detailed investigation on the current situation of G. elata disease in China through statistics on the failure rate, rotten pit rate and occurrence rate of G. elata disease in the main producing areas of China. It was found that G. elata disease was mainly infected from the top bud and junction, causing the occurrence rate of disease was 6%-17%, and the yield decreased by 10%-30%. The 23 dominant fungi were isolated from 18 typical G. elata disease samples. Through identification of colony morphology, mycelium morphology, spore morphology and genetic characteristics, they were finally identified as 13 species, belonging to 7 families and 7 genera. Trichoderma harzianum, Ilyonectria sp. and Ilyonectria destructans are the most frequently separated. Their isolation frequency were 22.22%,16.67%,16.67% respectively. Ilyonectria sp. and I. destructans were the first time isolated from G. elata disease samples. They may be the main pathogens causing soil-borne diseases of G. elata. T. harzianum has certain potential as Gastrodia biocontrol bacteria. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of control technology of Gastrodia fungi disease.
China ; Fungi/pathogenicity* ; Gastrodia/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/microbiology*

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)combined tirofiban hydrochloride on aged patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(ASTEMI)and its influence on cardiac function and myocardial microcirculation.Methods:A total of 90 aged ASTEMI patients undergoing PCI in our hospital from Jul 2013 to Mar 2016 were selected.According to hospitalization order,they were randomly and e-qually divided into pure PCI group and combined treatment group(received tirofiban based on pure PCI group), both groups were treated for one month.ST segment regression degree,corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)and TIMI flow grade after PCI,contrast agent acoustic peak intensity in myocardial microcirculation(PI)and serum CK-MB peak concentration before and after PCI,LVEF,LVEDd and LVEDV before and six months after PCI, and incidence rate of adverse events were measured and compared between two groups.Results:Compared with pure PCI group after PCI,there were significant rise in ST segment regression degree[(43.8 ± 7.1)% vs.(66.2 ± 8.2)%],TIMI flow grade[(2.1 ± 0.5)grade vs.(2.9 ± 0.6)grade]and PI[(7.1 ± 1.1)vs.(8.6 ± 1.2)],and sig-nificant reductions in CTFC[(27.3 ± 8.0)frame vs.(18.9 ± 6.6)frame],and serum CK-MB peak level[(296.5 ± 58.1)U/L vs.(199.3 ± 32.4)U/L]in combined treatment group,P= 0.001 all.Compared with pure PCI group on six months after PCI,there was significant rise in LVEF[(54.2 ± 8.3)% vs.(61.1 ± 8.0)%],and signifi-cant reductions in LVEDd[(48.1 ± 7.7)mm vs.(41.3 ± 8.1)mm]and LVEDV[(85.4 ± 10.6)mm3vs.(80.2 ± 10.4)mm3]in combined treatment group,P<0.05 or <0.01.Total incidence rate of adverse events of com-bined treatment group was significantly lower than that of pure PCI group(8.89% vs.26.67%),P=0.001.Con-clusion:PCI combined tirofiban hydrochloride can significantly improve myocardial microcirculation and cardiac function with low incidence rate of cardiovascular adverse events.The mechanism may be related to improving effect of tirofiban hydrochloride on myocardial microcirculation.