With persistent breakthrough and maturity of surgical procedures and postoperative immunosuppressive therapy, the survival rate of liver transplant recipients and grafts has been significantly increased. The shortage of donor liver has become the main obstacle for clinical development of liver transplantation. How to expand the source of donor liver has become an urgent issue. Groundbreaking progresses have been made in the use of common marginal donor livers in clinical liver transplantation, such as elderly donor liver, steatosis donor liver, viral hepatitis donor liver and liver from donation after cardiac death. Nevertheless, multiple restrictions still exist regarding the use of marginal donor liver. Consequently, the definition of marginal donor liver and research progress in the application of common marginal donor livers were reviewed, and the opportunities and challenges of mariginal donoor liver were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for expanding the donor pool for clinical liver transplantation and bringing benefits to more patients with end-stage liver disease.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis in children, which is defined in TCM terms as a syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.Methods:This was a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.From January 2022 to September 2023, 359 children aged 3 to 7 years old diagnosed as acute bronchitis (lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome) were enrolled from 21 participating hospitals and randomly assigned to the experimental group and placebo group in a 3︰1 ratio, and respectively treated with Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules and its matching placebo.Cough resolution/general resolution rate after 7 days of treatment was used as the primary efficacy outcome for both groups.Results:(1)On the seventh day of treatment, the rate of cough disappearance/basically disappearance in the experimental group and placebo group were 73.95% and 57.61% retrospectively, which had statistically significance ( P=0.001).(2)After 7 days of treatment, the median duration of cough disappearance/basic disappearance were 5 days and 6 days in the two groups , with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.006).The area under the curve of cough symptom severity time was 7.20 ± 3.79 in the experimental group and 8.20±4.42 in the placebo group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.039).(3) After 7 days of treatment, the difference between TCM syndrome score and baseline was -16.0 (-20.0, -15.0) points in the experimental group and -15.0 (-18.0, -12.0) points in the placebo group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.004).In the experimental group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 49.04%, 28.35%, 16.48% and 6.13% severally; and in the placebo group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 38.04%, 26.09%, 29.35%, and 6.52% separately, which had statistically significant ( P=0.014).(4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions during the trial between both groups.Moreover, while adverse reactions in the form of vomiting and diarrhea were occasionally reported, no serious drug-related adverse event or adverse reaction was reported.(5)The tested drug provided good treatment compliance, showing no statistically significant difference from the placebo in terms of compliance rate. Conclusions:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules provides good safety, efficacy, and treatment compliance in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis, and lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome, in children.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy for secondary central nervous system lymphoma(SCNSL).Methods:Clinical data of patients diagnosed with SCNSL from 2010 to 2021 at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively collected.A retrospective cohort study was performed on all and grouped patients to analyze the efficacy and survival.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the adverse prognostic factors.Results:Thirty-seven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with secondary central involvement were included in the research.Their 2-year overall survival(OS)rate was 46.01％and median survival time was 18.1 months.The 2-year OS rates of HD-MTX group and TMZ group were 34.3％and 61％,median survival time were 8.7 and 38.3 months,and median progression-free survival time were 8.1 and 47 months,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,sex,IPI,Ann Arbor stage were correlated with patient survival time.The median survival time of patients with CD79B,KMT2D,CXCR4.ERBB2,TBL1XR1,BTG2,MYC,MYD88,and PIM1 mutations was 8.2 months,which was lower than the overall level.Conclusion:HD-MTX combined with TMZ as the first-line strategy may improve patient prognosis,and early application of gene sequencing is beneficial for evaluating prognosis.

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens

ObjectiveTo analyze and summarize the medication rules of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of insomnia using data mining. MethodThe literature on the treatment of insomnia with Pinelliae Rhizoma was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， and PubMed databases over the past 10 years. An Excel database was constructed to record the prescriptions of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the treatment of insomnia. SPSS 26.0 software was used for frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes related to insomnia， compatibility of drugs， drug effects， and properties. SPSS 26.0 was also used for cluster analysis， factor analysis， and IBM Modeler 18.0 plugin for association rule analysis of the core compatibility of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products and combinations. ResultAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria， 125 relevant articles were finally included. The commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine， and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Among them， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum was the most frequently used. All three processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma were often used for insomnia with such TCM syndromes as phlegm-heat disturbing the heart， phlegm-dampness obstructing the interior， and liver Qi stagnation. The compatible drugs were sweet， bitter， and pungent in flavor， cold in nature， and acted on the lung， spleen， heart， and liver meridians， with functions of nourishing deficiency， clearing heat， and calming the mind. The common prescriptions used were Wendantang， Chaihu Longgu Mulitang， Banxia Xiexintang， and Xiaochaihutang， with doses ranging from 6 to 30 g. The core drug combinations were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum-Poria-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine-Jujubae Fructus-Codonopsis Radix， and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine-Scutellariae Radix-Bupleuri Radix. ConclusionThis study， for the first time， analyzed and summarized the compatibility and prescription application rules of commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of TCM syndrome differentiation， which provides a theoretical basis for the rational， safe， and effective use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia in TCM.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Objective:Due to the limitation of traditional identification methods of Chinese medicinal materials， the study established a rapid method to identify Persicae Semen mixed with Armeniacae Semen Amarum by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Method:By comparing the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） gene sequences of Persicae Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum， single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites were searched and specific primers were designed. Different Persicae Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum samples were amplified by PCR， the effects of annealing temperature， primer concentration and cycle number on the PCR reaction system were optimized， and the specificity and detection limit of this method were investigated. In addition， the established PCR method was used to detect the samples of Persicae Semen mixed with different proportion of Armeniacae Semen Amarum from different sources and producing areas. Result:A specific PCR method for identifying Persicae Semen mixed with Armeniacae Semen Amarum was established. When the annealing temperature was 63 ℃ and the number of primer cycles was 30， only Armeniacae Semen Amarum could be amplified with 432 bp specific band， while Persicae Semen samples did not have this band. The minimum detection limit of this method for Armeniacae Semen Amarum was 0.2 ng， and the detection limit for Armeniacae Semen Amarum adulterated in Persicae Semen was 1%. Conclusion:The established allele-specific PCR method can accurately detect whether there is Armeniacae Semen Amarum in Persicae Semen， which can provide experimental basis for the quality control of Persicae Semen and guarantee the safety of its clinical use.

Compared with human insulin, insulin lispro shows a faster hypoglycemic effect and a higher peak plasma concentration, which can better control postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we used a solid phase extraction pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify insulin lispro in rat plasma. Bovine insulin was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC Peptide CSH C₁₈ column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after solid phase extraction. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 1 162.5→217.2 for insulin lispro and m/z 1 157.5→136.0 for insulin bovine (internal standard). The method validation results showed that the linear range was 0.1 ng·mL^-1 - 100 ng·mL^-1; intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria for biological sample analysis. The recovery of insulin lispro ranged from 63.1% to 68.1%. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of insulin lispro following a single-dose subcutaneous administration to rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3（T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3，TIM-3）是免疫检查点分子之一，表达于多种免疫细胞 及肿瘤细胞。在肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment，TME）中，TIM-3 与含其主要配体 Gal-9 的 T 细胞等相互作用，介 导细胞凋亡而参与肿瘤的免疫抑制及其发生发展。抗 TIM-3 抗体抗肿瘤治疗目前处于临床前研究阶段，它可能成为肿 瘤治疗的明星分子。

Objective:To explore the compatibility of Panlongqi tablets in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Method:Network pharmacology was used to predict and screen the targets and pathways related to osteoarthritis of 59 compounds in Panlongqi tablets including activating blood circulation and removing stasis group（ACRG），expelling wind-damp group（EWDG）and tonifying liver and kidney group（TLKG）. Through data integration analysis, the characteristics and compatibility rules of this prescription in preventing and treating osteoarthritis were analyzed. Result:The 59 compounds can act on 70 osteoarthritis(OA) related targets, mainly involving inflammatory stimulation response, cell proliferation, cell metabolism, immune regulation and other related processes. Pathway enrichment analysis involved inflammatory response, cartilage degeneration, immune regulation, bone metabolism and other related pathways. Conclusion:The three drugs play different regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of OA, such as inflammation, chondrocyte apoptosis and metabolism, extracellular matrix degradation, and bone metabolism. Among them, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis were mainly related to anti-inflammatory and analgesia, the wind-dampening group was mainly involved in regulating immunity and inflammation, and the liver-kidney group was more related to bone metabolism and chondrocyte apoptosis.