Objective:To observe the differences in the positive rate of conjunctival sac microbial culture after different methods of preventing infection before intravitreal injection (IVI).Methods:A prospective case-control study. A total of 1 200 participants with fundus diseases who received IVI injection at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from July 2021 to December 2023 were included. Patients were randomly divided into 6 groups according to eye spot with antibiotic solution 3, 1 and 0 days before IVI and local eye disinfection with povidone-iodine (PVI) 3 min and 30 s before IVI: the first 3 days of antibiotics+3 min PVI group, the first 1 day of antibiotics+3 min PVI group, the first 0 days of antibiotics+3 min PVI group, the first 3 days of antibiotics+30 s PVI group, the first 1 day of antibiotics+30 s PVI group, the first 0 days of antibiotics+30 s PVI group, there were 200 cases in each group. Microbial sampling and cultivation of conjunctival sac were conducted before IVI to compare the differences in positive rates among different groups. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using one-way analysis of variance. The comparison of count data is conducted using χ2 test. Results:Among the 1 200 patients, there were 566 males and 634 females. Age (62.59±13.44) years old. There were 397 cases of diabetes and 482 cases of hypertension. IVI frequency (2.35±2.34). 64 cases were positive for conjunctival sac culture before IVI. The age ( F=1.468), sex composition ratio ( χ2=2.876), diabetes ( χ2=10.002), hypertension ( χ2=6.019), times of IVI ( χ2=4.507), and positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial culture ( χ2 =6.272) of patients in each group had no statistical significance ( P>0.05). Using the duration of antibiotic application before IVI as a stratified factor, there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of conjunctival sac culture between groups with different durations of antibiotic application before IVI [ χ2=0.414, P=0.52, combined odds ratio ( OR)=0.819, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.493-1.360]. Using the duration of PVI application as a stratified factor, there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of conjunctival sac culture between different PVI disinfection times [ χ2=0.000, P=1.000, combined OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.503-1.988]. Conclusions:Pre IVI treatment with 0.5% PVI for 30 s can inhibit the growth of microbial colonies in the conjunctival sac. The application of local antibiotic eye fluid in the anterior eye of IVI cannot reduce the positive rate of conjunctival sac bacteria.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Objective:To compare and analyze the application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for intravitreal injection in the real world before and after the establishment of one-stop intravitreal injection center, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different management modes.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 4 015 patients (4 659 eyes) who received anti-VEGF drugs for ocular fundus diseases at the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from July, 2018 to June, 2022 were included in the study. There were 2 146 males and 1 869 females. The ocular fundus diseases in this study were as follows: 1 090 eyes of 968 patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD); 855 eyes of 654 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME); 1 158 eyes of 980 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR); 930 eyes of 916 patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). A total of 294 eyes of 275 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia (PM-CNV); 332 eyes of 222 patients with other fundus diseases. A total of 13 796 anti-VEGF needles were injected. A total of 1 252 patients (1 403 eyes) from July 2018 to June 2020 were regarded as the control group. From July 2020 to June 2022, 2 763 patients (3 256 eyes) who received anti-VEGF treatment in the intravitreal injection center were regarded as the observation group. The total number of intravitreal injection needles, the distribution of anti-VEGF therapy in each disease according to disease classification, the proportion of patients who chose the 3+ on-demand treatment (PRN) regimen and the distribution of clinical application of different anti-VEGF drugs were compared between the control group and the observation group. The waiting time and medical experience of patients were investigated by questionnaire. χ2 test was used to compare the count data between the two groups, and t test was used to compare the measurement data. Results:Among the 13 796 anti-VEGF injections in 4 659 eyes, the total number of anti-VEGF drugs used in the control and observation groups were 4 762 and 9 034, respectively, with an average of (3.39±3.78) and (2.78±2.27) injections per eye ( t=6.900, P<0.001), respectively. In the control and observation groups, a total of 1 728 and 2 705 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were used for wAMD with an average of (5.14±4.56) and (3.59±2.45) injections per eye, respectively; a total of 982 and 2 038 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were used for DME with an average of (4.36±4.91) and (3.24±2.77) needles per eye, respectively. Additionally, a total of 942 and 2 179 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for RVO-ME with an average of (3.98±3.71) and (3.14±2.15) injections per eye, respectively; a total of 291 and 615 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for PM-CNV with an average of (3.31±2.63) and (2.99±1.69) injections per eye, respectively. A total of 683 and 1 029 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for DR with an average of (1.60±1.26) and (1.41±1.05) injections per eye, respectively. The clinical application and implementation of "3+PRN" treatment were as follows: 223 (66.4%, 223/336) and 431 eyes (57.2%, 431/754) in the wAMD ( χ2=8.210, P=0.004), 75 (33.3%, 75/225) and 236 (37.5%, 236/630) eyes in the DME ( χ2=1.220, P>0.05), and 97 (40.9%, 97/237) and 355 eyes (51.2%, 355/693) in the RVO-ME ( χ2=7.498, P=0.006), 39 (44.3%, 39/88) and 111 eyes (53.9%, 111/206) in the PM-CNV ( χ2=2.258, P>0.05), respectively. In addition, the results of the questionnaire survey showed that there were significant differences between the control and observation groups regarding the time of appointment waiting for surgery ( t=1.340), time from admission to entering the operating room on the day of injection ( t=2.780), time from completing preoperative treatment preparation to waiting for entering the operating room ( t=8.390), and time from admission to discharge ( t=6.060) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The establishment of a one-stop intravitreal injection mode greatly improved work efficiency and increased the number of injections. At the same time, the compliance, waiting time, and overall medical experience of patients significantly improved under centralized management.

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
Anthocyanins ; Apium/metabolism* ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Color ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies.In this study,we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)and the development,validation,and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assays(ELISA)to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies(tAb,antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies)in cynomolgus monkey sera.These assays were suc-cessfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic(PK)studies of SMADC001,an MMAE-conjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(TROP-2).The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit,Lys(m-dPEG24)-Cit,and Val-Cit linkers.The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation be-tween serum concentrations and the OD450 values,with R2 at 1.000,and the dynamic range was 0.3-35.0 ng/mL and 0.2-22.0 ng/mL,respectively;the intra-and inter-assay accuracy bias％ranged from-12.2％to-5.2％,precision ranged from-12.4％to-1.4％,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was less than 6.6％and 8.7％,respectively.The total error was less than 20.4％.The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters,which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs,as well as in PK studies.Furthermore,these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of anterior approach combined with blocking plates and screws in the management of acetabular fracture involving the quadrilateral area.Methods:A retrospective case series analysis was performed for 16 patients with acetabular fracture involving the quadrilateral area admitted to First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2017 to January 2019. There were 12 males and 4 females，with the age of 21-66 years［（45.3±10.6）years］. According to Letournel-Judet classification，there were 9 patients with bi-column fracture，6 with anterior and posterior traverse fracture and 1 with anterior column fracture. A total of 9 patients were operated via the ilioinguinal approach and 7 via the lateral-rectus approach. Reduction and fixation of the pelvis and acetabulum were performed，using 3.5 mm cortical bone screws or plates to block the internal displacement of fracture in the quadrilateral body. The incision length，operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was assessed according to the Matta reduction criteria at postoperative 2 days and hip function by the modified Merle D'Aubigne-Postel score at postoperative 3 months and 12 months. Postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 13-24 months［（16.1±2.9）months］. The ilioinguinal approach and lateral-rectus approach showed surgical incision of 12-26 cm［（18.6±4.0）cm］and 8-15 cm［（10.7±2.3）cm］，respectively. The operation time was 107-215 minutes［（159.2±27.8）minutes］and the intraoperative blood loss was 200-2，300 ml［（853.1±489.7）ml］. According to Matta reduction criteria，the results were excellent in 9 patients and good in 7. Three months after operation，the modified Merle D'Aubigne-Postel score was 11-18 points［（15.2±2.2）points］，which showed the results were excellent in 4 patients，good in 7，fair in 4 and poor in 1，with the excellent and good rate of 69%. Twelve months after operation，the modified Merle D'Aubigne-Postel score was 13-18 points［（16.9±1.4）points］，which showed the results were excellent in 7 patients，good in 8 and fair in 1，with the excellent and good rate of 94%. The liquefaction of post-surgical incision was seen in a patient，bladder injury in a patient，lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury in a patient，and heterotopic ossification in a patient. There was no loosening or breakage of the internal fixation.Conclusion:For acetabular fracture involving the quadrilateral area，anterior approach combined with blocking plates and screws can prevent the displacement of quadrilateral fracture and attain satisfactory reductiongood hip function recovery and few complications.

To explore the role of dentritic epidermal T lymphocytes ( DETCs) in immune rejection of skin allograft in mice and its related mechanism. Methods (1) Full-thickness skin was harvested from back of one male wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mouse. Epithelial cells were isolated for detection of the expression of DETCs and their phenotype with flow cytometer. Another male WT C57BL/6 mouse was used to harvest full-thickness skin from the back. Epidermis was isolated for observation of the morphological characteristics of DETCs with immunofluorescence technology. (2) Four male green fluorescence protein (GFP)-marked C57BL/6 mice, 7 female WT C57BL/6 mice (group WT), and 7 female ybT lymphocytes 8 gene knock-out (GK) C57BL/6 mice (group GK) were used. Full-thickness skin in the size of 1.4 cm x 1.4 cm on the back of mice in groups WT and GK were excised, and the wounds were transplanted with full-thickness skin in the size of 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm obtained from male GFP-marked C57BL/6 mice. The survival time of skin grafts was affirmed with small animal in vivo imager and naked eyes and recorded. (3) Two male WT C57BL/6 mice were used to isolate epithelial cells. Cells were inoculated into 48-well plate and divided into activation group (A) and control group (C) according to the random number table, with 4 wells in each group. Cells in group A were treated with 10 pL concanavalin A in the concentration of 2 microg/mL for 24 hours, while those in group C with PBS in the same volume as that in group A. The expression of interferon y in DETCs was detected with flow cytometer. (4) Four male GFP-marked C57BL/6 mice were used as donors. Fourteen female WT C57BL/6 mice were used as receptors and divided into interferon gamma neutralizing group (IN) and control group (C) according to the random number table, with 7 mice in each group. The skin transplantation model of C57BL/6 male to C57BL/6 female was established as in part (2). Before surgery and 72 hours after, mice in group IN were intraperitoneally injected with 200 pL interferon y neutralizing antibody in the concentration of 1 mg/mL, and those in group C with normal saline in the same volume as that in group IN. The survival time of skin grafts was observed and recorded using the methods in part (2), and the result of group IN was compared with that of group GK in part (2). The survival curve of skin grafts was processed with Log-rank ( Mantel-Cox) test. Results (1) The positive expression rate of DETCs in epithelial cells of skin in mouse was 7.27%, and they were all CD3 cells. DETCs were found to be scattered in the epidermis of skin in mouse with dendritic morphology. (2) The survival time of skin grafts of mice in group GK was 22-35 d, obviously longer than that in group WT (12-16 d, y2 = 14. 10 , P < 0.001). (3) Expression of interferon gamma was detected in 22. 70% DETCs in group A, which was obviously higher than that in group C (0.51%). (4) The survival time of skin grafts of mice in group IN was 19-24 d, which was obviously longer than that in group C (12-16 d, chi 2 = 13.60, P < 0.001) but close to that in group GK as in part (2) (chi2 = 0.06, P = 0.810). Conclusions DETCs are involved in promotion of immune rejection of skin allograft probably by secretinf interferon gamma.
Allografts ; Animals ; Epidermis ; Female ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Objective To investigate the effects of CD147/MMP-9 pathway on early left ventricular remodeling Methods 30 healthy eight-week male SHR were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group). SHR group received tail vein injections of normal saline weekly; CD147 group received CD147 of 600 ng·kg-1 weekly; and CD147+DOX group received CD147 of 600 ng/kg weekly and intragastric administration of DOX ( doxycycline ) of 30 mg/kg daily . 10 healthy eight-week male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group) were treated as SHR group. Echocardiography, myocardial sections microscopy examination (HE and VG stain), and Western blot (for assessing levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD147, and collagen I and Ⅲin myocardial tissues) were performed on day 56. Left ventricular weight index (LVWI)was measured and calculated. Collagen volume fractions (CVF) were obtained by image analysis. Results As compared with WKY group , levels of CD147 , MMP-9 , and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were lower but TIMP-1 and collagenⅠand Ⅲ were significantly higher in SHR group. The abundance of CD147 and MMP-9 protein and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were obviously increased in CD147 group than in SHR group (P < 0.05). Levels of CD147, MMP-9, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 did no differ between CD147+DOX group and CD147 group. LVWI and contents of collagenⅠand Ⅲ were obviously declined in CD147 group as compare with SHR group. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , partial myocardial fibre rupture , myocyte dissolution and fuzzy myocardial fibre boundaries , more abundant of collagen fibers, and higher CVF were found in SHR group. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly improved after CD147 intervention, but the action was suppressed as DOX was administrated simultaneously. Conclusions Early ventricular remodeling may be involved in the inhibition of CD147/MMP-9 pathway in SHR. Input of CD147 to upregulate the pathway can improve the remodeling.

OBJECTIVETo explore the blood supply of the reverse arterial arch at the superior border of the hallucal abductor island flap and provide an anatomical basis for repairing fore foot skin defect using this flap.

METHODSThe constitution, course, distribution, and external diameter of the arterial arch at the superior border of the hallucal abductor, and the concomitant veins and nerves were observed on 12 sides of formaldehyde-fixed and 12 fresh adult foot specimens perfused with red latex. The surgical approach using the arterial arch at the superior border of the hallucal abductor for repairing fore foot skin defect were designed.

RESULTSThe arterial arch at the superior border of the hallucal abductor, constituted by the branch of the medial tarsal artery or the branch of the anterior medial malleolus artery anastomosed with the superficial branch of the medial basal hallucal artery or the branch of the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery or the all the four branches, functioned as the axis of the medial tarsal, the medialis pedis and the medial plantar. The external diameters of the anterior medial malleolus artery, the medial tarsal artery, the branch of the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery, and the distal arterial arch at the superior border of the hallucal abductor were 1.02∓0.03 mm, 0.73∓0.04 mm, 0.56∓0.02 mm, and 0.53∓0.14 mm, respectively. Most of the arteries (91.67%) had one concomitant vein with the external diameters of 1.01∓0.03 mm, 0.81∓0.04 mm, 0.57∓0.01 mm, and 0.61∓0.02, respectively, and only a small fraction of them (8.33%) had two concomitant veins.

CONCLUSIONSThe fore foot skin defect can be repaired using this flap supplied by the branch of the anterior medial malleolus artery and the medial tarsal artery, the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery, or all the three. The pivot point formed by the neck of the first metatarsal or metatarsophalangeal joint allows for long vessel pedicles and larger flap areas to increase the flexibility of surgery.

Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Skin ; injuries ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on the spontaneous transient outward K+ currents in mouse cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells.Methods Kunming mice of both sexes,weighing 18-22 g,were used in this study.Vascular smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated from cerebral arteries in two steps.Five cells were chosen and studied.When holding potential was - 30 mV,spontaneous transient outward K+ currents were recorded before and after the application of 56 μmol/L propofol by perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique.The amplitude,frequency,area under the curve and half time width of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents were analyzed.Results Propofol 56 μmol/L significantly increased the amplitude,frequency and area under the curve of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents.There was no significant change in the half time width of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents after administration,Conclusion Propofol can activate spontaneous transient outward K+ currents in mouse cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells,and thus induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation.