Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Early diagnosis and effective management are important to reduce atrial fibrillation-related adverse events. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is often used to assist wearables for continuous electrocardiograph monitoring, which shows its unique value. The development of PPG has provided an innovative solution to AF management. Serial studies of mobile health technology for improving screening and optimized integrated care in atrial fibrillation have explored the application of PPG in screening, diagnosing, early warning, and integrated management in patients with AF. This review summarizes the latest progress of PPG analysis based on artificial intelligence technology and mobile health in AF field in recent years, as well as the limitations of current research and the focus of future research.
Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/therapy* ; Photoplethysmography ; Artificial Intelligence ; Electrocardiography ; Biomedical Technology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of soft tissue complications in patients with dorsal displacement distal radius fractures (DRF) after volar locking plate surgery. METHODS: From July 2016 to May 2021, 112 patients with dorsal displacement DRF were treated with volar locking plate surgery, including 45 males and 67 females. The average age was (46.24±10.08) years old, ranging from 18 to 85 years old. According to whether there were soft tissue complications after operation, they were divided into complication group (40 cases) and non complication group (72 cases). Compared with preoperation, the radial metacarpal inclination and ulnar deflection angle, wrist flexion activity and dorsal extension activity, and grip strength of patients after operation were significantly improved (P<0.05). Compared with the non complication group, the proportion of patients in the complication group whose age was>60 years, body mass index (BMI) more than 30 kg·m^-2, smoking, diabetes, fracture type C, open fracture and operation time more than 90 min was higher (P<0.05). The age, BMI, smoking, diabetes, fracture AO classification, fracture type and operation time were analyzed by multifactor Logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of postoperative soft tissue complications of patients, establish a nomogram prediction model, and evaluate the model. RESULTS: At the latest follow-up, the excellent and good rate of wrist joint function recovery was 83.93% (94/112), and the excellent and good rate of fracture reduction was 84.82% (95/112). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age more than 60 years old, diabetes, fracture type C, open fracture and operation time more than 90 min were independent risk factors for postoperative soft tissue complications (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve and clinical decision curve of the nomogram prediction model showed discrimination, accuracy and validity were good. CONCLUSION Age more than 60 years, diabetes mellitus, fracture type C, open fracture, and operation time more than 90 min are all independent risk factors for soft tissue complications after DRF volar plate fixation. In clinical treatment, perioperative soft tissue management should be done in such patients to prevent complications.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Wrist Fractures ; Fractures, Open ; Risk Factors ; Wrist Joint/surgery* ; Metacarpal Bones

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of a single-lead electrocardiogram (iECG) algorithm based on intelligent wristwatch in identifying sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular rate.Methods:In this non-randomized control trial, 642 patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in the General Hospital of Chinese PLA between December 15, 2020 and May 30, 2022, with sinus tachycardia or rapid ventricular rate of AF (ranging from 111 to 145 beats/min for sinus tachycardia, from 110 to 150 beats/min for rapid ventricular rate of AF, respectively). The patients wore Huawei Watch GT2 Pro smartwatches on their left wrists, and the physiological signals detected by the smartwatches in a relaxed state were used as the measured data. The iECG algorithm developed by Huawei was used for identification. Simultaneously, 12-lead electrocardiograms (12L-ECG) were performed, and two cardiologists served as the gold standard for interpretation. Three participants who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded based on the detection results, and a total of 639 participants were included in the study. The accuracy of the algorithm in identifying sinus tachycardia and rapid ventricular rate AF was evaluated using metrics such as recall rate, precision rate, macro F1 score for multi-class classification.Results:Among 639 subjects, there were 469 males and 170 females. There were 389 cases of sinus tachycardia and 250 cases of rapid ventricular rate AF, with a mean age of (46.53±13.32) years. The recall rate, precision rate, and F1 value of iECG algorithm in identifying sinus tachycardia was 98.7%, 99.2% and 99.0%, respectively, while it was 98.8%, 98.0% and 98.4%, respectively for AF with rapid ventricular rate. The macro F1 of AF with rapid ventricular rate and sinus tachycardia was 98.7%. The iECG based on the intelligent wristwatch showed good consistency with the corresponding 12L-ECG waveforms.Conclusion:The intelligent wristwatch-based iECG algorithm can effectively identify sinus tachycardia and rapid ventricular rate AF, demonstrating good accuracy.

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy*

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the complications of tourniquet in the clinical application of lower tibiofibular fracture. METHODS: From June 2018 to September 2019, 33 cases of closed lower tibiofibular fractures (AO type 43A) were treated with plates and screws and were divided into two groups according to whether pueumatic tourniquet was used:16 cases in the observation group, 13 males and 3 females, aged 18 to 69 (38.8±17.0) years, the operation time after injury was (6.9±1.7) days, and tourniquet was not used during operation. There were 17 cases in the control group, 13 males and 4 females, aged from 21 to 71 (43.8±12.4) years, the operation time after injury was (6.5±1.0) days, automatic pneumatic tourniquetwas routinely used in the operation. The operation time, blood loss, postoperative swelling, pain and other complications were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Total of 33 patients were followed up for an average of 15 months. There was no significant difference in operation time and blood loss between two groups ( CONCLUSION The fracture of lower tibiofibular segment is superficial and easy to be exposed and fixed during operation. In order to avoid tourniquet complications, it is not recommended to use air bag tourniquet routinely or minimize the application time of tourniquet.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Tourniquets ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between postoperative knee function and the sagittal position of tibial component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled the patients who underwent UKA from January 2016 to May 2020. They were assigned into 2 groups according to postoperative posterior tibial slope (PTS): the normal PTS group (PTS≥3° and PTS < 8°) and the abnormal PTS group (PTS < 3° or ≥8°). The patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The postoperative Knee Society Clinical Score (KSS-C), Knee Society Functional Score (KSS-F) and knee range of motion (ROM) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients (82 knees) were included with 51 patients (58 knees) in PTS normal group and 21 patients (24 knees) in PTS abnormal group. All the patients were followed up with median of 23.6 months. There was no significant difference in the general data [gender, age, body mass index (BMI)], pre-operative knee range of motion, preoperative KSS-C score and KSS-F score (P > 0.01). The KSS-C score, KSS-F score, and knee range of motion significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.01) for all the patients. The postoperative KSS-C score in normal PTS group (88.76±2.79) was significantly higher than the KSS-C score in abnormal PTS group (84.42±3.35, P < 0.01), but no significant difference between the 2 groups was observed in postoperative KSS-F score and knee range of motion (P > 0.01). In addition, there was no correlation between the change of PTS and postoperative KSS-C score (r=-0.034, 95%CI: -0.247 to 0.186, P = 0.759), KSS-F score (r = -0.014, 95%CI: -0.238 to 0.198, P = 0.901) and knee range of motion (r= 0.045, 95%CI: -0.214 to 0.302, P = 0.686). CONCLUSION The posterior tibial slope between 3° and < 8° can be recommended to improve knee joint function in mobile UKA, and excessive or insufficient PTS should be avoided.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Knee Prosthesis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects and the potential mechanisms of crebanine N-oxide in SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of crebanine N-oxide was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and cellular morphology was observed under a microscope. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, p53 and Bax, and autophagy-related proteins p62, beclin1 and LC3 were detected by Western blotting assays. Results: Crebanine N-oxide treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner via induction of G

The solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride was determined in acidic aqueous media in the absence and presence of different concentration of NaCl, NaBr, or NaI at 37 ℃ in order to facilitate proper selection of dissolution media that have adequate discriminating power for enhancing the likelihood of a generic drug product to successfully pass in-vivo bioequivalence test. In the range of pH 5.0 to pH 1.0, the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride decreased with the decrease in the pH of aqueous solution, and the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride further decreased with the increase in the concentration of added sodium chloride. The solubility decrease of a few weakly basic drug molecules in acidic media and in higher concentration of added chloride was published previously by other researchers, and the observed decrease in the solubility in the presence of higher chloride concentration was interpreted in terms of common-ion effect. However, the results in this paper showed that the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride also decreased when sodium chloride was replaced with sodium bromide or iodide. The approach described in this paper (i.e. substituting sodium chloride with sodium bromide or iodide) provides an effective method to verify whether common-ion effect is the true (or at least the sole) driving force behind the observed decrease in the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride in the presence of sodium chloride. The solubility decrease reported in this paper can be interpreted in terms of salting-out effect of sodium chloride, bromide, and iodide. For hydrochloride salt of a weakly basic drug molecule like nebivolol hydrochloride, its solubility in an acidic dissolution medium can be purposely decreased to the lower end of sink condition by adding sodium chloride to make the resulting medium more discriminating. As shown in this paper, a medium at pH 1.2 with added sodium chloride is discriminating and this medium is shown to be bio-relevant to the in-vivo data collected under fasting condition (in-vivo study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board).

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exact role of gut microbiota of PNS metabolism in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, pseudo germ-free rat models were constructed by using broad-spectrum antibiotics to validate the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of PNS in vivo. Moreover, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of four metabolites of PNS, including ginsenoside F1 (GF1), ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), ginsenoside compound K (GCK) and protopanaxatriol (PPT). The results showed that the four metabolites could be detected in the control rat plasma, while they could not be determined in pseudo germ-free rat plasma. The results implied that PNS could not be biotransformed effectively when gut microbiota was disrupted. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays an important role in biotransformation of PNS into metabolites in vivo.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Feces ; microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; physiology ; Ginsenosides ; blood ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sapogenins ; blood ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry