This study aimed to identify the related substances of phloroglucinol injection by two-dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC-Q-TOF/MS). The first-dimensional separation was carried out on an HSS T3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column by gradient elution using 1.36 g·L^-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH adjusted to 3.0 with diluted phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The separated components were then trapped in switch valve tube lines respectively and delivered to the second-dimensional desalting gradient elution which was performed with a BDS C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.4 μm) column using 0.1% formic acid and methanol as the mobile phases. After rapid desalting, electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry was used for determining the accurate masses and elemental compositions of the parents and their product ions for both phloroglucinol and its related substance. Structures of the related substances were then figured out by mass spectrometry elucidation, organic reaction mechanism analysis, and/or comparison with reference substances. Under the established analytical conditions, phloroglucinol and its related substances were adequately separated, 17 main related substances were detected and identified in the injection and its stressed samples for the first time. The identification results can provide reference for the quality control of phloroglucinol injection.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

Growth arrest specific protein 6 (GAS6) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and its signal transduction is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, but its related functions and molecular mechanisms in endometriosis (EMs) are still unclear. In this study, we searched and downloaded the transcriptome datasets of EMs from GEO database and performed GEO online analysis, and then screened out the differentially expressed genes and performed cluster analysis based on GO and KEGG pathway. The mRNA levels of the differentially expressed genes shared by more than three datasets were verified by qRT-PCR in the endometrium of ten women with no endometriosis and no clear disease and the ectopic endometrium of 11 patients with ovarian chocolate cysts. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression of GAS6 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker genes, and immunofluorescence was used to co-label GAS6 and E-cadherin in endometriosis clinical samples. In this study, a total of 47 differentially expressed genes were screened out of the four transcriptome datasets, which were mainly enriched in processes such as cell migration and related signal pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and tight junction. The mRNA levels of the nine differentially expressed genes shared by more than three datasets in endometriosis patients were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. GAS6 expression levels in ectopic endometrium of EMs patients are higher than the control group (P < 0. 05), and EMs patients have the characteristics of EMT in the ectopic endometrial tissue, that is, the expression of E-cadherin is down-regulated (P < 0. 05) and the expression of vimentin is up-regulated (P < 0. 01). The expression of E-cadherin in the ectopic endometrial glandular epithelial cells of EMs patients is low while the expression of GAS6 is up-regulated, suggesting that GAS6 may mediate the EMT process in endometriosis. In conclusion, this study reveals that GAS6 is highly expressed in endometriosis patients and may mediate the EMT process to participate in the occurrence and development of endometriosis, providing a potential target for clinical treatment of endometriosis.

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A highly sensitive, rapid and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of retinamido-ester in rat plasma was developed and validated. A simplified protein precipitation with acetonitrile was employed for the sample preparation. The separation was carried out on an Agilent TC C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm particle size) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-formic acid (93: 7: 0.1). Simvastatin was used as internal standard. The detection was performed on a trap-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) scan mode via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The range of calibration curve was 0.05-50 ng x mL(-1) and the limit of quantification was 10 pg x mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day precision values were between 95.97% and 104.43%, and RSD was between 4.63% and 10.69%, respectively. This method was applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of retinamido-ester after oral administration via gastric gavage of 2.5, 5, 10 mg x kg(-1) were as follows, T(1/2): (11.28 +/- 7.23), (8.90 +/- 3.82), (8.01 +/- 5.65) h; AUC(0-infinity): (103.41 +/- 61.46), (190.23 +/- 74.99), (421.66 +/- 229.20) ng x h x mL(-1); MRT: (6.31 +/- 0.75), (5.98 +/- 0.71), (6.18 +/- 0.97) h; CL/F: (30.10 +/- 13.67), (29.58 +/- 10.59), (31.18 +/- 17.51) L x h(-1) x kg(-1); Vd/F: (414.94 +/- 159.82), (356.16 +/- 139.85), (369.28 +/- 322.72) L x kg(-1), respectively.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Tretinoin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo present a new neurovascular island flap for fingertip reconstruction.

METHODSBased on the transverse palmar branch of the digital artery, this flap was designed on the volar side of a digit and reversed to repair the fingertip defects.

RESULTS12 fingers in 11 patients were reconstructed using this flap. Of them, 11 flaps survived and one necrosed. The contour of the reconstructed fingers looked well.

CONCLUSIONThis new neurovascular island flap provides excellent padding and sensation for fingertip reconstruction. The technique is simple.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Fingers ; blood supply ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential expression of RPL6/Taxreb107 between drug-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/ADR and gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 as well as its correlation with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) in gastric cancer cells.

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted from SGC7901 and SGC77901/ADR, with internal control RT-PCR, Northern blot, gene cloning and expression, construction of eukaryotic expression vector, gene transfection by electroporation. The accumulation and retention of ADR in transiently transfected cell was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe internal control RT-PCR and Northern blot showed high RPL6/Taxreb107 expression in SGC7901/ADR cell line. Sense and antisense eukaryonic expression vectors demonstrated by double enzyme digestion were successfully transfected into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR respectively by electroporation. The accumulation and retention of ADR detected 48 hours after transfection showed that RPL6 gene had shown effect on drug resistance in gastric cancer cell.

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of RPL6/Taxreb107 in drug resistant gastric cancer cell shows its correlation with multiple-drug resistance in gastric cancer.

DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; physiology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; physiology ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured