Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate and assesse useful factors in predicting early preterm birth (PTB) and de termined the increased risks of early PTB for the combinations of these factors compared to late PTB. Methods: The 77 singleton pregnancies with PTL were enrolled. They had undergone examinations including cervical length (CL) and fetal fibronectin (fFN), polymerase chain reaction for sexually transmitted disease, and cervical culture. We first evaluated the statistical significance of the primary predictors (known risk factors before pregnancy) and secondary predictors (fFN, CL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and cervical bacterial analysis). Next, we analyzed the various combinations of meaningful factors. Results: CL <2.5 cm (P=0.007; odds ratio [OR], 3.598), hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL (P=0.011; OR, 3.79), and fFN ≥50 ng/mL (P=0.035; OR, 2.75) were more predictive of early PTB than late PTB. The highest OR was observed for the combination of all 3 factors (P=0.039; OR, 7.75). The fFN positivity and hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL was in OR 6.094 (P=0.013). The CL<2.5 cm and hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL was in OR 5.333 (P=0.009). Finally, the CL <2.5 cm and fFN positivity was in OR 3.946 (P=0.013). The interval between diagnosis and delivery in women with all 3 factors was 8 days shorter than that for women without these factors (P=0.04). Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential risks of PTB using the combination of commonly used in clinical factors, and revealed quantification by the ORs. We will be useful reference value for patients counselling for prediction of early PTB.

Objective: To evaluate and assesse useful factors in predicting early preterm birth (PTB) and de termined the increased risks of early PTB for the combinations of these factors compared to late PTB. Methods: The 77 singleton pregnancies with PTL were enrolled. They had undergone examinations including cervical length (CL) and fetal fibronectin (fFN), polymerase chain reaction for sexually transmitted disease, and cervical culture. We first evaluated the statistical significance of the primary predictors (known risk factors before pregnancy) and secondary predictors (fFN, CL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and cervical bacterial analysis). Next, we analyzed the various combinations of meaningful factors. Results: CL <2.5 cm (P=0.007; odds ratio [OR], 3.598), hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL (P=0.011; OR, 3.79), and fFN ≥50 ng/mL (P=0.035; OR, 2.75) were more predictive of early PTB than late PTB. The highest OR was observed for the combination of all 3 factors (P=0.039; OR, 7.75). The fFN positivity and hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL was in OR 6.094 (P=0.013). The CL<2.5 cm and hsCRP ≥0.9 mg/dL was in OR 5.333 (P=0.009). Finally, the CL <2.5 cm and fFN positivity was in OR 3.946 (P=0.013). The interval between diagnosis and delivery in women with all 3 factors was 8 days shorter than that for women without these factors (P=0.04). Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential risks of PTB using the combination of commonly used in clinical factors, and revealed quantification by the ORs. We will be useful reference value for patients counselling for prediction of early PTB.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.