Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Limited data exist on the outcome of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the Asian population. This study aims to evaluate the treatment outcomes, to investigate the factors associated with recurrence, and to evaluate the impact of the treatment outcome on the HRQoL in a Korean GERD population. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter study involving a total of 824 GERD patients. The response to treatment was assessed at week 4 (or week 8 for the patients who did not achieve complete resolution [CR] at week 4). The EQ-5D questionnaire was used at baseline, end of treatment, and first recurrence to assess the HRQoL. To assess GERD symptoms, contact of patients by phone at 1, 6, and 12 months following treatment was carried out. RESULTS: CR was achieved in 65.6% and recurrence was observed in 47.8% following treatment. CR and recurrence rates did not differ by the presence of esophagitis. Multivariate analysis revealed that acid regurgitation (odds ratio 2.249; 95% confidence interval 1.293-3.912; P = 0.004) and both acid regurgitation and heartburn (odds ratio 2.330; 95% confidence interval 1.392-3.901; P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for GERD recurrence. EQ-5D scores were more improved in patients with CR than in those without CR, and worsened more during follow-up in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: We should achieve complete symptom relief and attempt to prevent recurrence in GERD patients to improve their HRQoL.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Esophagitis ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prospective Studies* ; Quality of Life* ; Recurrence* ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (EOOB) has a pleasant aroma and is known to have antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. In addition, it is used as a pain reliever in folk medicine. However, there are few reports on the antinociceptive activities of EOOB. METHODS: This study examined the antinociceptive effects of EOOB using formalin and a plantar test in mice. In the formalin test, EOOB (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and the licking time of the mice was measured. In the plantar test, intraperitoneal EOOB (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was administered and the withdrawal latency was measured using the Hargreaves method. RESULTS: In the formalin test, EOOB (50 mg/kg, IP) showed significant decreases in licking time in the second phase. On the other hand, in the plantar test, there were no significant effects in any of the groups examined. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the traditional use of EOOB for the treatment of painful conditions. However, there is a need for more research to determine the active chemical constituents and the precise mechanism.
Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Hand ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice ; Ocimum ; Ocimum basilicum ; Pain Measurement

Pyogenic liver abscess is a serious clinical disease with severe complication in about 10-20% of cases. Metastatic septic endophthalmitis and CNS infection are rare but their incidence is increasing in liver abscess patients, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae as etiologic bacteria. Despite appropriate treatment, the outcome is devastating. We experienced a case of septic endophthalmitis, CNS infection (meninigitis, ventriculitis) and infective spondylitis associated with K. pneumoniae liver abscess. The patient had no specific risk factor. After intensive treatement such as systemic intravenous antibiotics with percutaneous abscess drainage and intravitreal injection, liver abscess was resolved completely. But, sequelae were severe. Socket reconstruction after evisceration with debridement on both eye and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to hydrocephalus were done. Our experience suggests that attention should be paid to the possibility of septic metastatic lesions as soon as the treatment of K. pneumoniae liver abscess is initiated.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Intravitreal Injections ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Liver* ; Meningitis ; Pneumonia ; Risk Factors ; Spondylitis ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Pyogenic liver abscess is a serious clinical disease with severe complication in about 10-20% of cases. Metastatic septic endophthalmitis and CNS infection are rare but their incidence is increasing in liver abscess patients, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae as etiologic bacteria. Despite appropriate treatment, the outcome is devastating. We experienced a case of septic endophthalmitis, CNS infection (meninigitis, ventriculitis) and infective spondylitis associated with K. pneumoniae liver abscess. The patient had no specific risk factor. After intensive treatement such as systemic intravenous antibiotics with percutaneous abscess drainage and intravitreal injection, liver abscess was resolved completely. But, sequelae were severe. Socket reconstruction after evisceration with debridement on both eye and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to hydrocephalus were done. Our experience suggests that attention should be paid to the possibility of septic metastatic lesions as soon as the treatment of K. pneumoniae liver abscess is initiated.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Intravitreal Injections ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Liver* ; Meningitis ; Pneumonia ; Risk Factors ; Spondylitis ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

PURPOSE: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Generally, aeroallergens and food allergens can exacerbate symptoms in AD. Currently they are divided into two groups: one is an IgE mediated form and the other is a non-IgE mediated form. This study focused upon clinical manifestations of two distinct forms of AD. METHODS: We evaluated 110 patients (male: 58, female: 52) with AD. All patients had visited Masan Samsung Hospital from June 2002 to February 2005. The patients were divided into 2 sub-groups according to their serum total IgE and specific IgE levels. The serum total IgE and specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Egg white, Cow's milk and Soybean were measured by the Pharmacia CAP-FEIA system. Metacholine provocation tests were conducted to reveal bronchial hyper-responsiveness and ARIA guidelines for diagnosis of AR were applied. RESULTS: Our study showed more female predominance in non IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis patients and showed higher total eosinophil count in IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. (P< 0.05) There was no difference in frequency of asthma between two groups (P> 0.05), but allergic rhinitis was significantly predominant in non IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis patients. (P< 0.05) CONCLUSION: Female was more predominant in non IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis patients and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis patients showed higher total eosinophil count and more frequency of allergic rhinitis.
Allergens ; Asthma ; Child* ; Classification* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Diagnosis ; Egg White ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Milk ; Rhinitis ; Skin Diseases ; Soybeans

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mesenchymal tumors are the most frequent submucosal tumors in gastrointestinal trail. We reviewed the mesenchymal tumors which are confirmed by pathology to examine whether the invasive approach of all mesenchymal tumors is necessary. METHODS: This study was performed on fifty-nine patients who has mesenchymal tumors confirmed by endoscopic or surgical resection from January 2000 to June 2004. RESULTS: Mesenchymal tumors consisted of thirty-six gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 20 leiomyomas and 3 schwannomas. All the esophageal tumors were leiomyoma (12/12, 100%). In stomach, there were 32 GISTs (76.2%), 7 leiomyomas (16.7%) and 3 schwannomas (7.1%). And there were 4 GISTs (80.0%) and 1 leiomyoma (20.0%) in duodenum. Tumors less than 1 cm in maximal diameter were leiomyoma or GISTs with very low risk of aggressive behavior. 56.1% of the tumors larger than 1 cm consisted of low, intermediate or high risk GISTs. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy must be considered according to its size and anatomic location of mesenchymal tumors. The invasive approach for every esophageal submucosal tumor is not necessary unless the size is very large, because most of them are benign in nature. However, the gastric submucosal tumor with more than 1 cm in diameter should be carefully and regularly followed up or biopsied because it cannot be assumed to be benign for any GIST more than 1 cm in size at the present time, safely.
Adult ; Aged ; *Biopsy, Needle ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/*pathology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma/pathology ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

BACKGROUND: The proper use of inhaler drugs is critical in the management of chronic asthma. In this study, we investigated the inhalation performance of asthmatic patients and effectiveness of the regular education of inhalation technique. METHODS: The 145 asthmatic patients who had been educated the inhaler technique for more than 3 times were enrolled. The inhalation performance of each patient was scored using a checklist form (9 items for metered dose inhaler [MDI], 4 items for dry powder inhaler [DPI]) whenever they visited the clinic. Clinical characteristics affecting inhalation performance were evaluated in the groups using each type of inhaler. RESULT: In MDI, the mean initial performance score was significantly low when the patients were female sex, aged patients (>65 years old), or had lower educational backgrounds. Some items of the checklist, which include tilting head back, placing the mouthpiece with a distance from lips, continuing deep inspiration, and holding breath after inhalation for 10 seconds, were improperly performed in about 25% of the MDI users. No significant change was observed in the final performance scores assessed after intensive repeated education for proper inhalation technique of MDI. In DPI, the mean initial performance score was significantly low in the patients with old age (>65 years old) or lower educational backgrounds. The final performance scores were significantly improved after the repeated education for proper use of DPI inhalation in contrast to MDI. CONCLUSION: For the effective management of asthma, it may be important to choose proper type of inhaler with consideration of individual characteristics of the patients. The evaluation of inhalation performance and regular education of inhalation technique could be useful to maintain and improve the effective use of inhaler, especially in DPI.
Asthma* ; Checklist ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Education ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Lip ; Metered Dose Inhalers ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The anterior ethmoid canal is the important surgical landmark in endoscopic sinus surgery, intranasal ethmoidectomy, and frontal sinus surgery. However it is not enough to evaluate the anterior ethmoid canal by coronal OMU CT, especially relating anterior to posterior relationship of the anterior ethmoid canal. The pulpose of this study is to evaluate the anterior ethmoid canal in 1 mm axial OMU CT and measure the five parameters relating the anterior ethmoid canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 100 sinuses of 50 patients with chronic sinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from May through July of 1998. RESULTS: The anterior ethmoid canal is well demonstrated by 1 mm axial OMU CT. The average of five parameters are 6.2+/-1.5 mm, 6.4+/-4.3 mm, 18.5+/-3.9 mm, 26.5+/-5.6 mm, 24.6+/-14.6degrees. However, there is no difference between the right and left side statistically. We observed that the anterior ethmoid canal is located just posterior to the frontal recess without anterior ethmoid air cell in front of the antirior ethmoid canal in 23%. CONCLUSION: The anterior ethmoid canal is well remarked by the 1 mm axial OMU CT. The length and directional angle of the anterior ethmoid canal is individually variable and there is no anterior ethmoid air cell in front of the anterior ethmoid canal in 23%. In these cases, the anterior ethmoid canal is more likely to be injured. So axial OMU CT may be useful in the radiologic evaluation for endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic sinusitis.
Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Prospective Studies ; Sinusitis

Ganglion cyst of the spinal facet joint is rare. It is believed that ganglion cysts on the dorsal aspect of the facet joints are asymptomatic and therefore are not clinically appreciated. But we have experienced a patient who had severe low-back and buttock pain and diagnosed as ganglion cyst located on the dorsal aspect of the right side facet joint between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The treatment was surgical excision of the cyst and resulted in a satisfactory recovery. The differential diagnosis involving herniated lumbar intervertebral disc should not exclude ganglion cyst of the dorsal aspect of the lumbar facet joint.
Buttocks ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Zygapophyseal Joint*