PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of disease in children with acute bronchiolitis according to the type of infected virus. METHODS: From November 2007 to May 2015, 768 patients under 2 years of age who underwent real time-polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal aspirates admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital for acute bronchiolitis were enrolled. Severe bronchiolitis was defined as presence of one or more kinds among tachypnea, chest retraction, needs of O2 inhalation or ventilator care. RESULTS: The severity of bronchiolitis was increased with shorter fever duration (P < 0.001) and previous wheezing episodes (P = 0.005). In the case of single infection, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A only increased the severity of acute bronchiolitis (P = 0.012). However, the severity of illness decreased when RSV A coinfected with adenovirus (P = 0.034), human rhinovirus (P = 0.038), or human coronavirus NL63 (P = 0.042). On the other hand, when human rhinovirus was coinfected with enterovirus (P = 0.013) or parainfluenza 3 (P = 0.019), the severity was increased. When human metapneumovirus coinfected with human bocavirus, the severity was increased (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Acute bronchiolitis was associated with increased severity only when RSV A infected solely, but several viruses increased or decreased the severity when coinfection occurred. Therefore, it may be helpful in predicting the course of the acute bronchiolitis according to the affected virus.
Adenoviridae ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Coinfection ; Coronavirus NL63, Human ; Enterovirus ; Fever ; Hand ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Infant ; Inhalation ; Metapneumovirus ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Rhinovirus ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Ventilators, Mechanical

A 6-year-old female domestic short hair cat presented with acute onset of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and tachypnea. The cat was apparently healthy prior to presentation without history of trauma. On diagnostic imagings, the entire stomach and spleen were detected in the thoracic cavity. An emergent celiotomy was performed, and a type-4 hiatal hernia was confirmed; the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum were herniated through the esophageal hiatus. It was corrected using phrenicoplasty, esophagopexy, and left-sided gastropexy and there was no recurrence 16 months after surgery. This is the first case report of an idiopathic type-4 hiatal hernia in a cat.
Animals ; Anorexia ; Cats ; Child ; Duodenum ; Female ; Gastropexy ; Hair ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Humans ; Lethargy ; Pancreas ; Recurrence ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Tachypnea ; Thoracic Cavity ; Vomiting

Mutations of the surfactant protein (SP)-C gene (SFTPC) have been associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and childhood interstitial lung disease (ILD). If accurate diagnosis and proper management are delayed, irreversible respiratory failure demanding lung transplantation may ensue. A girl was born at term but was intubated and given exogenous surfactant due to RDS. Cough and tachypnea persisted, and symptoms rapidly progressed at 16 months of age despite treatment with antibiotics, oral prednisolone, methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and intravenous immunoglobulin. At 20 months, she visited our hospital for a second opinion. A computed tomography scan showed a diffuse mosaic pattern with ground-glass opacity and subpleural cysts compatible with ILD. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy revealed ILD with eosinophilic proteinaceous material and macrophages in the alveolar space. Bilateral lung transplant from a 30-month-old child was done, and she was discharged in room air without acute complications. Genetic analysis revealed a novel c.203T>A, p.Val68Asp mutation of SP-C, based on the same exon as a known pathogenic mutation, p.Glu66Lys.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Lung Transplantation* ; Lung* ; Macrophages ; Methylprednisolone ; Prednisolone ; Referral and Consultation ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tachypnea

PURPOSE: Respiratory morbidity is the most common problem among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a differential diagnosis between transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and pneumonia through comparison of clinical features and test results. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in 86 infants with TTN, RDS, or pneumonia. These were infants who had respiratory distress, were born after ≥34 weeks of gestation, and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of Kosin University Gospel Hospital between June 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016. RESULTS: The numbers (percentage) of infants with TTN, RDS, and pneumonia were 51 (59.3%), 20 (23.3%), and 15 (17.4%), respectively. Late-preterm and early-term newborns accounted for 65.1% of the infants. Tachypnea was observed in 74.4% of the neonates. The median age at admission was 4 hours (0 to 116) after birth. The infants with RDS had significantly lower birth weights, pH levels, base excess and oxygen saturation levels at admission, longer duration of total ventilator therapy, and hospital stay than those in the other two groups. The infants with pneumonia showed significantly high initial high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and significant chest radiographic findings. CONCLUSION: Early differential diagnosis for TTN, RDS, and pneumonia is challenging because they show similar respiratory symptoms at an early stage. Clinical features and test results can be used to determine the etiology of respiratory distress and early antibiotic treatment.
Birth Weight ; C-Reactive Protein ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Length of Stay ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Pregnancy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiration Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachypnea ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the clinical features of full-term infants with hypoxemia detected by pulse oximetry and to establish the diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of neonates who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within 2 weeks of birth at Korea University Ansan Hospital between January 2013 and October 2017 (n=450). We classified these neonates based on the presence of hypoxemia at admission and investigated neonatal characteristics, initial symptoms, echocardiographic findings, and final diagnosis associated with hypoxemic diseases. RESULTS: Of 450 term infants, 265 infants (58.9%) were identified hypoxemia by pulse oximetry at admission. The most common symptoms of them were cyanosis and tachypnea. Among them, 80.1% of infants (214/265) were diagnosed with respiratory tract disease and 8.3% of infants (22/265) had congenital heart disease. Thirteen infants (13/265, 4.9%) had CCHD and were treated with urgent surgery or transcatheter intervention within 28 days of birth. Majority of infants with respiratory tract disorder were transferred from hospital immediately after birth, but 46.1% of infants (6/13) with CCHD remained asymptomatic after birth and were admitted after 48 hours after birth. In addition, other hypoxemic illnesses were identified as neonatal infectious and neurological diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed the importance of assessment in neonates with hypoxemia, including those diagnosed with CCHD. The possibility of CCHD should be considered in the differential diagnosis in neonates demonstrating hypoxemia after 48 hours of birth. A larger prospective study is needed to assess the effectiveness and outcomes of pulse oximetry for neonatal screening in Korea.
Anoxia* ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Gyeonggi-do ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Neonatal Screening ; Oximetry ; Parturition ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachypnea

Serotonin syndrome is an unexpected fatal adverse event related to serotonergic medication. This case report is the first report describing the possible treatment effect of famotidine on serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, this is the first case report of serotonin syndrome induced by meperidine alone in a patient with no previous history suggesting a susceptibility to serotonin syndrome. A 70-year-old male with no recent history of serotonergic drug use presented with severe serotonin syndrome following ureteroscopy, possibly due to postoperative meperidine administration. The patient's symptoms included hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, myoclonus, diaphoresis, retching, nausea, agitation, and semicoma mentality with no pupillary light reflex. Symptoms began to subside immediately after the administration of intravenous famotidine for prevention of aspiration pneumonia, with mental and neurological symptoms showing improvement initially, followed by autonomic symptoms. This case report suggests that the histamine type 2 receptor antagonist famotidine may be an effective emergency treatment for serotonin syndrome.
Aged ; Dihydroergotamine ; Emergency Treatment ; Famotidine ; Fever ; Histamine ; Histamine H2 Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Meperidine ; Myoclonus ; Nausea ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Reflex ; Serotonin Syndrome* ; Serotonin* ; Tachycardia ; Tachypnea ; Ureteroscopy

Serotonin syndrome is an unexpected fatal adverse event related to serotonergic medication. This case report is the first report describing the possible treatment effect of famotidine on serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, this is the first case report of serotonin syndrome induced by meperidine alone in a patient with no previous history suggesting a susceptibility to serotonin syndrome. A 70-year-old male with no recent history of serotonergic drug use presented with severe serotonin syndrome following ureteroscopy, possibly due to postoperative meperidine administration. The patient's symptoms included hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, myoclonus, diaphoresis, retching, nausea, agitation, and semicoma mentality with no pupillary light reflex. Symptoms began to subside immediately after the administration of intravenous famotidine for prevention of aspiration pneumonia, with mental and neurological symptoms showing improvement initially, followed by autonomic symptoms. This case report suggests that the histamine type 2 receptor antagonist famotidine may be an effective emergency treatment for serotonin syndrome.
Aged ; Dihydroergotamine ; Emergency Treatment ; Famotidine ; Fever ; Histamine ; Histamine H2 Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Meperidine ; Myoclonus ; Nausea ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Reflex ; Serotonin Syndrome* ; Serotonin* ; Tachycardia ; Tachypnea ; Ureteroscopy

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory infections of preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and compared them between those with and without lower respiratory infections that of preterm patients without BPD. METHODS: This study enrolled preterm patients under 2 years old, who admitted with acute lower respiratory infection from March 2014 to May 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to BPD, and we retrospectively reviewed their medical records. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients (106 cases) were enrolled; the BPD group consisited of 29 patients (54 cases) and the control group 42 patients (52 cases). Compared to the patients in the control group, those in the BPD group were older (P=0.001), had lower gestational age and birth weight (P<0.001), and showed more frequent readmission in hospital (P=0.017). The most common causative virus was human rhinovirus (hRV) in the BPD group, whereas respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the control group. The patients in the BPD group showed a higher incidence of tachypnea, decreased aeration, and chest retraction (P<0.001, P=0.009, and P=0.026, respectively), a higher respiratory symptom score (P=0.011), a longer duration of cough and wheezy sounds (P=0.004 and P=0.009, respectively), and higher incidence and longer duration of treatment with oxygen, and mechanical ventilator support (P=0.016 and P=0.017, respectively) than those in the control group. In the BPD group, the patients with RSV showed a higher incidence of tachypnea and rales (P=0.033 and P=0.033, respectively) than those with hRV. CONCLUSION: The preterm children with BPD may have more severe clinical manifestations than those without.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Child* ; Cough ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinovirus ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: Proper management of nutrition or health care for pregnant women is known to have better perinatal outcomes for maternal and neonatal health. In this study, we investigated the effect of regular medical and nutritional counseling provided to pregnant women for improved-results for mother and neonates. METHODS: Thirty-five pregnant women participated in the study and received information on nutrition management via telephone or e-mail every four weeks until childbirth. The nutrition management program comprised proper diet, low-salt diet, low-sugar diet, breast-feeding preparation, and provision of a healthy menu according to their pregnancy trimesters. We categorized them by their degree of participation into a “low participation group” that formed the control group, and a “high participation group” as the study group. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in maternal age, and body mass index between the two groups at the time of enrollment in the study. Post-natal exclusive breast feeding rate was significantly higher in the high participation group (62%) than in the low participation group (32%) (p<0.05). In the neonatal results, gestational age at birth and neonatal birth weight were significantly higher in the high participation group than in the low participation group (p<0.05). Neonatal complication rate, neonatal admission rate to intensive care unit, rate of low birth weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, as well as the rate of transient tachypnea were higher in the low participation group, but lacked any statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Collaborative nutrition management with obstetricians and nutritionists is helpful in achieving better perinatal outcomes.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Feeding ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Electronic Mail ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Infant Health ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Nutritionists ; Parturition ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Trimesters ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Tachypnea ; Telephone

OBJECTIVETo investigate the short-term clinical outcomes of neonates of secundiparous mothers, and to provide a reference for the clinical practice after the change in birth policy.

METHODSA cohort study was performed for the parturients and their neonates born in Yongkang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Zhejiang, China between June 2015 and April 2016. According to the parity of the mother, the neonates were divided into primiparous group and secundiparous group. The short-term clinical outcomes of neonates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSA total of 4 091 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and there were 2 023 neonates in the primiparous group and 2 068 in the secundiparous group. In the secundiparous group, most mothers (57.16%) were aged 26-34 years, and 16.49% were aged above 35 years. Compared with the primiparous group, the secundiparous group had a significantly higher rate of births by cesarean section (42.55% vs 25.06%; P<0.05). The percentages of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS; 8.6% vs 3.4%) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN; 7.2% vs 2.6%; P<0.05) in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous group were significantly higher than in those from the primiparous group.

CONCLUSIONSElderly parturient women are not the major population of secundiparous parturients. The neonates of secundiparous mothers have a higher rate of births by cesarean section, which might be associated with increased percentages of NRDS and TTN in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous mothers.

Adult ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; epidemiology ; Tachypnea ; epidemiology