ObjectiveTo improve the quality and service performance of community visual health services in Shanghai, and to establish a set of reasonable and effective evaluation index system for community visual health services. MethodsCentered on the national and Shanghai-based visual health policies and based on the current status and development trends of community visual health service program in Shanghai, the candidate indicators were formed through literature review and expert interviews, firstly. The framework of an evaluation index system was formulated through qualitative research successively, which was further revised and perfected using the Delphi method. Coefficient weights were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), culminating in the establishment of the community visual health evaluation index system, lastly. ResultsA total of 22 visual health experts from district-level center for disease control, hospital ophthalmology and leaders in charging of visual health service in community health centers participated in the Delphi questionnaire survey, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and an expert authority coefficient of 0.86, indicating high credibility. After a round of correspondence to experts’ importance ratings and discussions, a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators, along with 5 additional indicators, was finalized. ConclusionAn index system tailored to effective evaluation for community visual health initiatives was drawn up in this study, which can promote the capacity building in community eye health services, facilitating the high-quality development of visual health courses, and enhancing residents’ eye health.

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has greatly improved the prognosis of advanced lung cancer patients,but can lead to pseudoprogression(PsP),which complicates clinical evaluation and management.PsP is manifested as temporary enlargement of the tumour or the appearance of new lesions,etc.,and improvement in imaging occurs with continued treatment,mostly without worsening of clinical symptoms.Currently,there are still difficulties in the early diag-nosis of PsP,and its occurrence mechanism is not yet clear,lacking good predictive factors and related biomarkers.This article reviews the current research status of PsP of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer in order to provide helpful clinical strategies for oncologists using these drugs.

Objective To analyze the research status,hot directions and frontier trends of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diseases by regulating Wnt signaling pathway based on bibliometrics.Methods Based on Citespace and Vosviewer bibliometric software,the literature on the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine in CNKI and WoSCC was visually analyzed.Results As of April 2023,607 and 257 related literatures were published in Chinese and English respectively.Since 2008,the number of literatures published in this field has shown a fluctuating increasing trend.China is the country with the most publications;guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the institutions with the most publications in the Chinese database,and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution with the most publications in the English literature database.Combined with the research direction of each research team and keyword clustering and burst analysis,the research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine regulating Wnt signaling pathway are focused on osteoporosis,osteoarthritis and renal fibrosis.Diseases such as gastric cancer and breast cancer have become emerging research directions in recent years.Electroacupuncture therapy to promote stem cell proliferation and treat neurological diseases is one of the frontier research trends in this field.The mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the interaction between Wnt and NF-kappaB signaling pathway to prevent and treat diseases has great research potential.Conclusion In recent years,the prevention and treatment of diseases by traditional Chinese medicine targeting Wnt signaling pathway has developed rapidly.Various expert teams have obtained rich research results,and the research hotspots show a diversified trend.In-depth exploration of this can provide strong evidence for the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of various diseases.

Objective:To explore any effects of combining virtual reality training with aromatherapy in caring for Alzheimer′s disease patients in a nursing home.Methods:Fifty nursing home residents with Alzheimer′s were divided at random into an observation group and a control group, each of 25. Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group was additionally given 45 minutes of virtual reality training combined with aromatherapy, 3 times a week for 6 months. Both groups′ cognition was then evaluated using the MMSE and an Alzheimer′s cognition assessment scale (ADAS-cog). Psycho-behavioral symptoms were quantified using the Alzheimer′s disease pathological behavior scale (BEHAVE-AD). Motor functioning was quantified using the timed up and go test (TUGT), the 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sCST), the 30-second arm curl test (30sACT) and the sit-and-reach test (CSRT). Ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) and life quality were quantified using the activity of daily living scale and of the quality of life scale for Alzheimer′s disease (QOL-AD) before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention the average MMSE, ADAS-cog, BEHAVE-AD and ADL scores of both groups had improved significantly, with the average improvement in the observation group significantly greater than that in the control group. The TUGT, 30sCST, 30sACT and CSRT results of both groups were also significantly better, with those of the observation group again significantly superior, on average, to the control group′s results. The average QOL-AD score in the observation was significantly improved after the intervention, and was then significantly better than the control group′s average.Conclusions:Virtual reality training combined with aromatherapy can significantly improve the cognition, psycho-behavioral symptoms, activity in daily living, motor functioning and life quality of Alzheimer′s patients in a nursing home. It is worthy of promotion and application in nursing homes.

Objective:To observe any effect of virtual reality (VR) training on the cognitive functioning and functional fitness of nursing home residents with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Methods:Fifty-six of such residents were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 28. Both groups received health education and routine care, but the observation group was additionally provided with 45 minutes of VR training three times a week for 6 months. The training included Baduanjin, magic, flying bird, supermarket shopping, gravity ball and gym episodes. Both groups′ cognition was evaluated using the subjective cognitive decline questionnaire (SCD-Q), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (second edition) (RBMT-Ⅱ), a digit symbol substitution test (DSST), an animal fluency test (AFT) and trail-making test A-B (TMT A-B). Functional fitness was quantified using the 8-foot up-and-go test (8UGT), a 30-second arm curl test (30sACT), a 30-second chair stand test (30sCST), a back scratching test (BST), the sit-and-reach test (CSRT) and a 2-minute step test (2MST) before and after the 6-month intervention.Results:After the intervention, the average SCD-Q, MoCA, RBMT-Ⅱ, DSST, TMT-A, and TMT-B scores of the observation group were significantly better than before the intervention, and significantly better than the control group′s averages. And except for the back scratching their functional results were also significantly better, on average, than those of the control group.Conclusions:VR training can effectively improve the cognition and functional fitness of nur-sing home residents with SCD. Such training is worthy of promotion and wider application in nursing homes.

Objective: To understand the status of health literacy and its associated factors among primary school students in Shandong Province. Methods: By using stratified cluster sampling method, 9 063 children in grade 1 to 3 from 5 cities in Shandong Province were investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Chi square and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze associated factors for health literacy. Results: Rate of proficient health literacy among grade 1-3 primary school students was 62.8%(5 689/9 063), with 75.6%(6 850/9 063), 56.3%(5 106/9 063) and 80.1%(7 261/9 063) in dimension of safety emergency, health care and disease prevention and control. Proficient health literacy was 47.7%(4 327/9 063), 88.3%(8 003/9 063) and 73.6%(6 672/9 063) in domain of health knowledge and concept, health behavior and health skills. Univariate analysis showed that the health literacy varied by gender, only-child in the family, grade, living area, cities, self-perceived academic performance, father educational attainment, mother educational attainment, father occupation and mother occupation(χ2=39.66, 161.09, 193.05, 89.23, 1 107.75, 196.35, 99.43, 74.39, 64.86, 16.70, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis found that gender, only-child in the family, grade, living area, city, self-perceived academic performance, father’ s occupation and educational attainment were positively associated with health literacy among elementary students. Conclusion High level of health literacy has been found among primary school students in Shandong Province, but varied in area and different demographic characteristics, which needs further specific intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether kirenol, the major pharmacologically active compound of the Chinese medicinal herb , can protect mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: C57BL/6 mice with or without kirenol pretreatment were treated with DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce UC. The symptoms of UC including weight loss, diarrhea and bloody stool were observed daily and graded using the disease activity index (DAI). Colon injury of the mice was assessed by measuring the length of the colon and HE staining of the colon tissue. The levels of inflammatory cytokines produced by the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) lymphocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the apoptosis of the lymphocytes and CD4 T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: The mice receiving pretreatment with kirenol showed obviously ameliorated symptoms of UC and milder pathological changes in the colon as compared with the control mice. Kirenol treatment significantly down-regulated the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6 and TNF-α by the MLNs lymphocytes and increased the apoptosis of lymphocytes, especially CD4 T cells in the DSS-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Kirenol can protect against T cell-mediated colon injury in DSS-treated mice possibly by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators and inducing apoptosis of the inflammatory lymphocytes.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Cytokines ; Dextran Sulfate ; Diterpenes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes

Objective To evaluate the relationship of the plasma levels of osteopontin(OPN),lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] and apolipoproteinA/apolipoproteinB (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio with atherosclerosis.Methods 120 elderly patients with atherosclerosis (observation group) and another 120 healthy elderly subjects (control group) from Health Check Department in Tianjin Third Center Hospital were enrolled from Mar.2014 to Nov.2015.The levels of plasma OPN,Lp(a) and ApoB / ApoA1 ratio were measured and their relationship with atherosclerosis was analyzed.Results In observation group versus control group,the levels of plasma OPN[(33.2±10.1) μg/L vs.(30.6± 9.1) μg/L],ApoB/ApoA1 ratio[(0.8±0.7) vs.(0.6±0.1)]and Lp(a)[(357.6±66.5) mg/L vs.(120.5±35.7) mg/L] were increased with statistically significant differences (t =8.91,8.43,6.01;P=0.021,0.035,0.041).The concentrations of plasma OPN,ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and Lp (a) were increased along with aggravation of artery lesion,with statistically significant differences (F =8.50,7.38,6.41;P=0.031,0.039,0.037).Conclusions The plasma levels of OPN,Lp(a) and ApoB/ ApoA1 ratio are increased in patients with atherosclerosis and increased along with the lesion aggravation.

The present study establishes a visualization method for the measurement of the distribution and localization of protein/peptide constituents within a single poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microsphere using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR). The representative infrared wavenumbers specific for protein/peptide (Exenatide) and excipient (PLGA) were identified and chemical maps at the single microsphere level were generated by measuring and plotting the intensity of these specific bands. For quantitative analysis of the distribution within microspheres, Matlab software was used to transform the map file into a 3D matrix and the matrix values specific for the drug and excipient were extracted. Comparison of the normalized SR-FTIR maps of PLGA and Exenatide indicated that PLGA was uniformly distributed, while Exenatide was relatively non-uniformly distributed in the microspheres. In conclusion, SR-FTIR is a rapid, nondestructive and sensitive detection technology to provide the distribution of chemical constituents and functional groups in microparticles and microspheres.

BACKGROUNDHemifacial spasm (HFS) is a facial nerve disorder characterized by episodic involuntary ipsilateral facial muscle contraction. Information on Chinese patients with HFS has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feature and the treatment status of HFS across China.

METHODSA cross-sectional study including 1003 primary HFS patients had been carried out in 15 movement disorder clinics in China in 2012. The investigated information was acquired from questionnaires and medical records including demographic data, site of onset, aggravating and relieving factors, treatments prior to the investigation, etc.

RESULTSIn this study, the ratio of male to female was 1.0:1.8, the mean age at onset was (46.6 ± 11.5) years. About 1.0% patients were bilaterally affected. The most often site of initial onset was the orbicularis oculi muscle. The most often affected sites were orbicularis oculi, zygomatic, and orbicularis oris muscles. Stress/anxiety and relaxation were most often aggravating and relieving factors, respectively; 2.3% patients had family history, 28.4% cases were combined with hypertension, and 1.4% patients were with trigeminal neuralgia. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection was the most commonly used treatment, followed by acupuncture and oral medication. BTX-A maintained the highest repeat treatment ratio (68.7%), while 98.4% patients gave up acupuncture. The mean latency of BTX-A effect was (5.0 ± 4.7) days, the mean total duration of the effect was (19.5 ± 11.7) weeks, and 95.9% patients developed improvements no worse than moderate in both severity and function. The most common side effect was droopy mouth.

CONCLUSIONSThe onset age of HFS in China is earlier than that in western countries. The most often used two treatments are BTX-A injection and acupuncture, while the latter kept the poor repeat treatment ratio because of dissatisfactory therapeutic effect.

Adult ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; therapeutic use ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hemifacial Spasm ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Agents ; therapeutic use