Objective: To explore the pathological characteristics of three mice models of temporomandibular joint degenerative joint disease (TMJDJD), including osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis, and to provide references for animal experimental study regarding the pathological mechanism of osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis. Methods: A total of 54 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were selected to construct three TMJDJD animal models, including bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) injection model, bilateral TMJ monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection model, and right TMJ discectomy model. FCA injection model (15 mice) was divided into saline injection group, FCA injection group-1 week, FCA injection group-2 week, FCA injection group-4 week and FCA injection group-6 week, 3 mice were used at each time point, with a total of 6 TMJs on both sides. MIA injection model (15 mice) was separated into saline injection group, MIA injection group-1 week, MIA injection group-2 week, MIA injection group-4 week and MIA injection group-6 week, 3 mice were used at each time point, with a total of 6 TMJs on both sides. TMJ discectomy model (24 mice) was split into control group, discectomy group-2 week group, discectomy group-4 week and discectomy group-6 week, six mice were used at each time point, with a total of six right TMJs. General pictures of the bilateral joints area of mice were collected 1 day after drug injection, and stereoscopic images of condylar tissues were collected 4 weeks after microsurgery for discectomy. Mouse TMJ tissue sections from each time point were stained with HE and toluidine blue, respectively, synovial tissues were scored for synovial inflammation, and the percentage of proteoglycan in condylar cartilage was quantitatively analyzed. Results: One day after intra-articular FCA or MIA injection, the width of bilateral TMJ were significantly increased in FCA injection groups [(24.60±0.46) mm] compared with the saline injection group [(21.63±0.52) mm] (t=4.25, P<0.013), the width of bilateral TMJ in MIA injection groups [(24.50±0.62) mm] were also significantly higher than that in saline injection group [(21.40±0.52) mm] (t=3.82, P=0.019). The synovitis scores in FCA injection groups 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks after FCA injection were significantly higher than that of the saline injection group (F=18.09, P<0.001), with the proteoglycan of condylar cartilage increased firstly and then decreased compared with the saline injection group (F=21.59, P<0.001). Condylar cartilage proteoglycan loss in different degrees were observed 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after MIA injection (F=13.59, P<0.001), and synovitis scores were increased at different degrees compared with saline injection group (F=14.79, P<0.001). The morphology of condylar cartilage in discectomy groups mice were severely damaged, synovial tissues showed dense connective tissue lesions at 2, 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, condylar cartilage tissues showed a time-dependent loss of proteoglycan compared with the control group (F=40.62, P<0.001). Conclusions: Intra-articular FCA injection establishes a mouse model of TMJ osteoarthritis with severe synovial inflammation. Intra-articular MIA injection constructs a mouse model of typical TMJ osteoarthritis. Discectomy establishes a mouse TMJ osteoarthrosis model with severe condylar cartilage destruction.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; Osteoarthritis/pathology* ; Iodoacetic Acid ; Tolonium Chloride ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Proteoglycans ; Synovitis/pathology* ; Inflammation/pathology*

Cartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.
Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Chondromatosis, Synovial/pathology* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Cartilage

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of the arthroscopic capsular release for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. METHODS: This study retrospectively investigated thirty shoulders in 29 patients who presented with recalcitrant adhesive capsulitis and underwent arthroscopic treatments. Other than typical findings of adhesive capsulitis, combined pathologies in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space were evaluated by arthroscopy. Clinical evaluations were performed using the Constant's score and ranges of motion (ROM) at preoperative, 6 months postoperatively and at the final follow-up. RESULTS: Our study included 17 women and 12 men with a mean age of 53.8 years (range, 34–74). Mean follow-up duration was 24 months (range, 12–40 months). Assessment of combined pathologies revealed that partial rotator cuff tear of less than 25% thickness, was most common (overall 83.3%; with bursal 57% and articular 23%). Subacromial synovitis and adhesion were also frequent (53.3%). The Constant score and ranges of motion significantly improved at the final follow-up, compared with preoperative levels. However, clinical results at 6 months postoperatively were found to be significantly inferior to those observed at the final follow-up (p≤0.001 for all factors). Functional impairment was the major complaint in 59.3% patients at the 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although arthroscopic capsular release yielded favorable outcome at the mean 24 months follow-up, pain and motion limitations at 6-month postoperatively persisted in more than 50% of our patients. While combined pathologies were commonly encountered during arthroscopy, although their effects on surgical outcome in adhesive capsulitis remains unclear in this study.
Adhesives ; Arthroscopy ; Bursitis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release ; Male ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder ; Synovitis ; Tears

PURPOSE: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an auto inflammatory disease characterized by periodic fever, synovitis and serositis. Patients may be admitted to gastroenterology units due to gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study; we aimed to analyze endoscopic findings and diagnostic utility of endoscopic procedure in children with FMF. METHODS: Patient with FMF that was performed endoscopy for the gastrointestinal symptoms were included to the study (39 of 164 patients, 53 procedure). A control group was randomly designed as age and gender matched four endoscopic procedures per one endoscopic procedure of patients with FMF (n=212). RESULTS: No different was found between the patients and control group in esophagogastroscopy findings. However, the diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology was made by esophagogastroscopy in 46.2% patients. Colonoscopic examination revealed that the frequency of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was higher in undiagnosed patients compared to both the control group (50.0% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.05, odds ratio [OR]:13.4 and 95% confidence inteval [95% CI]: 2.1–84.3) and the patients under colchicine treatment (50.0% vs. 8.3%, p < 0.05, OR: 11 and 95% CI: 0.8–147.8). Colonoscopic procedure that was made after the diagnosis was found to provide contribution by 16.7% in determining the etiology of the additional symptoms. CONCLUSION: Patients with FMF may be admitted to pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic prior to diagnosis or during the follow-up period. The frequency of IBD is high in undiagnosed patients with FMF. Endoscopic procedures may be helpful in these patients for the diagnosis accompanying mucosal lesions.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child* ; Colchicine ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Familial Mediterranean Fever* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroenterology ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Odds Ratio ; Pathology ; Serositis ; Synovitis

Buttocks ; pathology ; Humans ; Muscle Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Muscle, Skeletal ; pathology ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; diagnosis

Ultrasonography (US) is a cost effective diagnostic imaging tool suitable for routine clinical use. High frequency US is a well-established method for both the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis, capable of detecting a wide range of joint pathologies, including effusion, synovitis, and extra-articular abnormalities. However, to ensure an accurate diagnosis, it is also important to consider periarticular disorders that could clinically mimic joint pathology. Such a diagnosis requires special attention to be paid to the periarticular structures, include the tendon, ligament, muscle, and bursa. Due to the close proximity of these structures to potentially affected joints, periarticular inflammation is often clinically misdiagnosed as articular in origin. In these cases, the processes driving pathology are the result of localized inflammation that is secondary to inflammatory arthritis, such as excessive friction or direct trauma. Therefore, when using US to diagnose inflammatory arthritis, it is important to understand the causative pathology of the periarticular disorders, as well as their clinical presentation.
Arthritis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Friction ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Pathology ; Synovitis ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical characteristics and pathological changes of tissue surrounding prosthesis after hip and knee arthroplasty.

METHODSA total of 67 patients receiving hip and knee arthroplasty were included in the study and pathological changes of the revision specimens were evaluated by microscopic examination.

RESULTSOf 67 patients, there were 25 males and 42 females (ratio of 0.6) with a mean age of 64 years. There were 42 cases of revision hip prosthesis and 25 cases of knee prosthesis. The primary causes for the revision varied, including 20 cases of infection (29.9%, within 3 months in 9 cases,3 to 24 months in 3 cases and over 24 months in 8 cases), 14 cases of pain (20.9%), 13 cases of loosening of the prosthesis (19:4%), 9 cases of joint stiffness (13.4%), 8 cases of prosthetic dislocation (11.9%), and 3 cases of prosthesis fracture (4.5%). Pathological findings in the tissue surrounding the prostheses included debris reaction, histiocytes, acute inflammatory, chronic non-specific inflammation, pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), "pseudomembranous", calcification, necrosis, sequestrum, etc. These histological changes were frequently admixed.

CONCLUSIONSVarious reasons may lead to hip and knee revision arthroplasty. The main pathological findings include infection, debris granulomas, chronic non-specific inflammatory changes, PVNS. The surgical pathology of the prosthesis provids guidances for clinical treatment and basic research.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Female ; Hip Joint ; pathology ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; pathology

Silicosis had been considered for decades as an illness with manifestations of lung fibrosis due to inhalation of overconcentrated SiO2 dust. To the best of our knowledge, studies have yet to report SiO2 deposits in any other tissues and organs. In the present case, while performing bilateral artificial total hip arthroplasty for one patient, we found that the articular cartilage of the bilateral femoral head was black. Therefore, specimens thereof were sent for pathological examination. Pathological examination (immunohistochemistry) and polarized light microscopy revealed the presence of considerable brown, acicular, rhombic, and crumb-like crystals. The crystals were mainly composed of SiO2. SiO2 could deposit in vessels and femoral head cartilage via blood circulation.
Blood Vessels/*chemistry ; Cartilage/*chemistry ; Femur Head/*pathology ; Humans ; Lung/*radiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicon Dioxide/*analysis ; Silicosis/*diagnosis ; Synovitis/*pathology

The localized type of tenosynovial giant cell tumor usually occurs on the palmar side of fingers and toes. Tenosynovial giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath are rarely intra-articular. We report a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath arising from femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament and its treatment with arthroscopy in a 28-year-old man.
Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/pathology/surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Femur ; Giant Cell Tumors/diagnosis/surgery ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/diagnosis/*surgery ; Tendons/*pathology

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Shoulder Joint ; pathology ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed