Objective:To develop a limb function exercise program for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and provide theoretical guidance for clinical nursing staff.Methods:A research team was formed to systematically review domestic and international literature on functional exercise for ECMO patients, extracting relevant evidence to form the initial version of the limb function exercise program. From June to July 2023, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations with 18 experts from three provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, including Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shanxi. Based on the experts' feedback, the program items were revised to form the final version of the exercise program.Results:In the first round, 18 experts were consulted, with a valid response rate of 94.44% (17/18); in the second round, 17 experts participated, with a 100.00% (17/17) response rate. The expert authority coefficient was 0.859 in both rounds. The coefficient of variation for each level of indicator in the second round ranged from 0 to 0.160, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.092 to 0.130 ( P<0.01). The final ECMO patient limb function exercise program consisted of four primary indicators (preparation, assessment, exercise methods, and safety monitoring), 13 secondary indicators, and 44 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The ECMO patient limb function exercise program developed in this study is scientifically sound and reliable, offering a reference and guidance for the implementation of limb function exercises for ECMO patients.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral allergic conjunctivitis common in school children.VKC is classified into palpebral-conjunctival type, limbal type and mixed type primarily based on clinical findings.Most allergic conjunctivitis does not impair vision, however, VKC probably causes visual impairment because of the involvement of cornea besides conjunctiva.Corneal lesions of VKC would lead to amblyopia in younger children.The term "vernal" in VKC indicates a seasonal onset, but 20%-60% patients are found onset throughout the year.In addition, misdiagnosis and improper treatment often lead to persistence or recurrence of VKC and other complications.Previous study has suggested that VKC is a hypersensitivity disease involved both type I and type IV, however, recent researchers found that immune factor, genetic factor and endocrine factor show close associations with the pathogenesis of VKC.The diagnosis of VKC depends on the clinical symptoms, pathological findings, infiltration of dendritic cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy and allergen tests.The treatment of VKC mainly focuses on symptom relief.In addition to anti-allergy, anti-inflammation and artificial tears, immunosuppressor has become a new trend.The pathogenesis and treatment progress of VKC are reviewed.

Purpose: The role of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), an indispensable protein required for cell vesicular trafficking, in the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be studied. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the expression of Vps34 in HCC and the effect of Vps34 on HCC cell invasion was detected both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, by modulating the RILP and Rab11, which regulate juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation and recycling endosome respectively, the underlying mechanism was investigated. Results: Vps34 was significantly decreased in HCC and negatively correlated with the HCC invasiveness both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Vps34 could promote lysosomal juxtanuclear accumulation, reduce the invasive ability of HCC cells via the Rab7-RILP pathway. In addition, the deficiency of Vps34 in HCC cells affected the endosome-lysosome system, resulting in enhanced Rab11 mediated endocytic recycling of cell surface receptor and increased invasion of HCC cells. Conclusion Our study reveals that Vps34 acts as an invasion suppressor in HCC cells, and more importantly, the endosome-lysosome trafficking regulated by Vps34 has the potential to become a target pathway in HCC treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with microangiopathy lesions and with no hypertension.Methods:Adult IgAN patients without hypertension were selected from Peking University First Hospital. All kidney biopsies were independently reviewed by 2 investigators. Patients were divided into three groups (microangiopathy group, simple arterio/arteriolosclerosis group and normal vascular group) by renal arteriolar lesions. Composite kidney end point event defined as a ≥30% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and end-stage kidney disease. Cox regression analysis was used to test the association between microangiopathy lesions and the outcomes.Results:A total of 420 patients were included in this study, of which 37(8.8%) patients had renal arteriolar microangiopathy lesions, 134 (31.9%) patients had simple arterio/ arteriolosclerosis, and the others had no vascular lesion. Compared with simple arterio/arteriolosclerosis group or non-vascular lesion group, patients with renal arteriolar microangiopathy lesions had more severe urine protein ( P=0.002), worse renal function ( P<0.001), higher proportion of segmental glomerulosclerosis and/or balloon adhesion (S1), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1/2), cellular/fibrocellular crescents (C1/2) (all P<0.05). During the follow-up, 20(54.1%) patients with microangiopathy lesions, 45(33.6%) patients with simple arterio/arteriolosclerosis and 82(32.9%) patients without vascular lesion reached the composite kidney end points ( χ2=6.491, P=0.039). In a multivariable Cox regression model, the presence of microangiopathy lesions was an independent risk factor for kidney disease progression in IgAN patients ( HR=1.872, 95% CI 1.044-3.357, P=0.035), and simple arterio/arteriolosclerosis was not a risk factor for kidney disease progression. Conclusion:It is not uncommon for non-hypertensive patients with IgAN having microangiopathy lesions, which suggests that hypertension is not the sole risk factor for microangiopathy lesions.

In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate the effect of endocapillary hypercellularity (E) lesions on the renal prognosis and response to immunosuppressive therapy, especially diffuse endocapillary hypercellularity lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). A total of 365 patients with IgAN and E lesions and 31 patients with diffuse E lesions and over 12-month follow-up period were included in this study. We performed an 1∶1 propensity score to identify controls with matched clinical and pathological features from 769 IgAN patients without E lesions. The end-point was defined as a 30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage kidney disease. The kidney survival of the two groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. During median follow-up period of 41 months, kidney survival rates in patients with E lesions were 96.0% at 1 year, 83.6% at 3 years, 67.7% at 5 years; while they were 96.9% at 1 year, 83.6% at 3 years, and 68.7% at 5 years in patients without E lesions ( P=0.265).The HRof immunosuppressive therapy was 1.038 (95% CI 0.749-1.440) and 1.113 (95% CI 0.770-1.609) in patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy ( P=0.781). (2) During median follow-up period of 52.5 months, the kidney survival rates in patients with diffuse E-lesion were 100.0% at 1 year, 96.2% at 3 years, 74.5% at 5 years; while they were 96.2% at 1 year, 82.3% at 3 years, and 63.7% at 5 years in patients without E-lesion ( P=0.158). The HR of immunosuppressive therapy was 0.625 (95% CI 0.213-1.839) and 0.447 (95% CI 0.028-7.191) in patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy ( P=0.825). E lesion or diffuse E lesion may not be associated with prognosis or response to immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective:To investigate the current status of family management function of patients with advanced lung cancer and to explore the correlation between family management function and quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods:A total of 187 patients with advanced lung cancer who were admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as research object. The general data questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD) and WHO Quality of Life-100 (WHOQOL-100) were used to investigate patients with advanced lung cancer to analyze the correlation between family management function and quality of life.Results:The total scores of FAD and WHOQOL-100 of patients with advanced lung cancer were respectively (88.72±11.46) and (102.92±3.65) , which were negatively correlated ( r=-0.896, P<0.05) . Conclusions:The family management function of patients with advanced lung cancer is closely related to the quality of life, and the quality of life of patients can be improved by improving the family management function of patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy (ATIN).Methods Patients who were diagnosed as IgAN with ATIN and IgAN without ATIN by renal biopsy in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled.There were 74 cases of IgAN with ATIN,and seventy-four cases of IgAN without ATIN were enrolled based on stratified sampling (chosen by 1∶ 1).The two groups were well matched with age,gender,follow-up time,mesangial hypercellularity(M),endocapillaryhypercellularity (E),segmental glomerulosclerosis(S),tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis(T) and cellular/fibrocellular crescent(C).The clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of two groups were retrospectively analyzed.A composite end point,defined as 30％ or 50％ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)decline and end stage renal disease (ESRD) was used.Renal function and proteinuria during follow-up were observed.Renal survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and risk factors of progression were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Results Seventy-four cases of IgAN with ATIN and seventy-four cases of IgAN without ATIN were enrolled.Serum creatinine [(185.6±83.2) μmol/L vs (146.3 ±69.2) μmol/L,P=0.010] and incidence of acute kidney disease (AKD) (31.1％ vs 5.4％,P ＜ 0.001) were higher in IgAN with ATIN group than those in IgAN without ATIN group.Patients in ATIN group received more immunosuppressive treatment (86.5％vs 58.1％,P＜ 0.001).During 1 year after biopsy,mean eGFR increased significantly in IgAN with ATIN group [(39.7+ 14.6) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 vs (47.2+ 19.9) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,P=0.017],but mean eGFR was not statistic different in IgAN without ATIN group [(60.0±30.5) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 vs (59.0±31.7) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,P=0.567].Median follow-up was 23.0 months in IgAN with ATIN group,and Median follow-up was 30.0 months in IgAN without ATIN group.Incidence of composite end point had no significant differences between two groups.IgAN with ATIN was not the independent risk factor for end point.IgAN patients with ATIN were divided into two groups (with AKD and without AKD),then renal survival rate was higher (Log-rank test,x2=5.293,P=0.021) and the risk for composite end point decreased by 79.2％ (HR=0.208,95％CI 0.046-0.939,P=0.041) in the group with AKD.Conclusions In IgAN,there is a subgroup of patients with the specific pathological phenotype combined with ATIN.Compared with those without AKD,the risk for composite end point of IgAN patients with ATIN and AKD showed a 79.2％ decrease.

Objective: o investigate the features of pathogenic bacteria for community-acquired bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacilli in patients with liver cirrhosis and optimal therapeutic strategy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to 302 Hospital of PLA due to community-acquired bloodstream infection from January 2010 to December 2015, and a statistical analysis was performed for their clinical features, pathogenic bacteria, and results of drug sensitivity test. The Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of rates, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of ranked data. Results: A total of 240 patients (including 178 male patients) with liver cirrhosis caused by various reasons were enrolled, with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.1 years, an overall clinical remission rate of 80.42%, and an ineffective/mortality rate of 19.58%. The patients who used sensitive antibiotics within 12 hours after the onset of community-acquired bloodstream infection achieved a significantly higher improvement rate than those who used such drugs at more than 12 hours after onset (88.2% vs 58.1%, P < 0.001). The improvement rate achieved by the application of sensitive antibiotics at more than 12 hours after onset decreased with the increase in the Child-Pugh grade (P < 0.05). A total of 245 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated, among which the six most common ones were 135 strains of Escherichia coli (55.1%), 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.3%), 16 strains of Aeromonas (6.5%), 4 strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella (1.6%), 3 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (1.2%), and 2 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (0.8%). These Gram-negative bacilli had the highest sensitivity to meropenem (98.5%), followed by imipenem (97.9%), amikacin (97.5%), piperacillin/tazobactam (94.7%), cefmetazole (93.7%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam (93%). Different bacteria had different sensitivities to antibiotics. Conclusion Once community-acquired bloodstream infection occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, highly sensitive antibiotics should be used as early as possible. Cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem can be used as first-line empirical antibiotics, and drug combination should be considered when necessary.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the role of selected serum microRNA (miRNA) levels as potential noninvasive biomarkers for differentiating S0–S2 (early fibrosis) from S3–S4 (late fibrosis) in patients with a chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three treatment-naive patients with a chronic HBV infection who underwent a liver biopsy were enrolled in this study. The levels of selected miRNAs were measured using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with fibrosis progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and discriminant analyses validated these the ability of these predicted variables to discriminate S0–S2 from S3–S4. RESULTS: Serum miR-29, miR-143, miR-223, miR-21, and miR-374 levels were significantly downregulated as fibrosis progressed from S0–S2 to S3–S4 (p < 0.05), but not miR-16. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a panel of three miRNAs and platelets that were associated with a high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating S0–S2 from S3–S4, with an area under the curve of 0.936. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of the studied miRNAs, with the exception of miR-16, varied with fibrosis progression. A panel was identified that was capable of discriminating S0–S2 from S3–S4, indicating that serum miRNA levels could serve as a potential noninvasive biomarker of fibrosis progression.
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Early Diagnosis* ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Logistic Models ; MicroRNAs* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; ROC Curve

BACKGROUND:Polysulfone membrane holds good anti-biodegradation ability, but how to use it to prepare hol ow fiber dialysis membrane and its blood compatibility have not been ful y understood. OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation, transfer property and biocompatibility of hol ow fiber dialysis membrane. METHODS:With polysulfone as the film material, diethylene glycol as the porogen, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the modifier, N, N-dimethylacetamide as the solvent, and the hol ow fiber dialysis membrane was prepared using nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The performance was measured using scanning electron microscopy, ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope imaging and porosity test;the transfer parameters including reject rate and water flux were detected by ultrafiltration device;the blood compatibility was determined through hemolysis test, dynamic clotting time test and platelet adhesion test. Type II medical polyurethane material served as negative control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The section of hol ow fiber dialysis membrane was asymmetric. 17%dialysis membrane showed a porous middle layer, while 19%, 21%and 23%membrane showed a sponge-like middle layer. Under the same membrane area, the density of fiber dialysis membrane was significantly lower than that of the negative control material, and the porosity of fiber dialysis membrane was significantly higher than that of the negative control material (P<0.05). The water volume and water flux of the hol ow fiber dialysis membrane were significantly higher than those of the negative control material (P<0.05). Results from three hemolytic tests showed that the average absorbance values and hemolysis rate of the hol ow fiber dialysis membrane were significantly higher than those of the negative control material (P<0.05). The dynamic clotting time test and the platelet adhesion test revealed that the dynamic clotting time of hol ow fiber dialysis membrane at 20, 40 and 70 minutes was significantly shorter than that of the negative control material (P<0.05). These results suggest that polysiloxane can be used as the membrane material to prepare hol ow fiber dialysis membrane using nonsolvent-induced phase separation, and holds a good biocompatibility, blood compatibility and transfer efficiency.