PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a model for estimating the quality of life mediated by adaptation to changes experienced after stomach cancer diagnosis and surgery in patients with gastrectomy and to verify the model based on the Cancer Survivor Adaptation Model by Naus et al. (2009) and literature reviews. METHODS: Data was collected from 297 gastric cancer patients who underwent a gastrectomy at an outpatient clinic of two university hospitals in Daegu city from May to August, 2016. The exogenous variableswere perceived gastrointestinal symptoms, self-efficacy, anxiety, social support, and spiritual well-being. The endogenous variableswere adaptation and quality of life, and adaptationwas themediating variable. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using IBM SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: The fitness parameters of the final model showed a reasonable fit to the data. Based on R², the exogenous variables explained 73.9% of the quality of life of stomach cancer patients who underwent surgery, through the mediation of adaptation; adaptation alone explained 73.5% of quality of life. Adaptation of stomach cancer patients with gastrectomy was a factor that strongly influenced their quality of life. CONCLUSION: It is important for gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy to adapt well to changes after surgery in order to improve the quality of life. Nursing interventions to aid successful adaptation would ultimately exert positive influences and improve the patients' quality of life.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anxiety ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Gastrectomy ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Statistics as Topic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survivors

: One of the most feared complications of childhood cancer treatment is second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of SMNs in a tertiary paediatric oncology centre in Singapore.: A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with childhood cancer under age 21 and treated at the National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 1990 to 15 April 2012. Case records of patients with SMNs were reviewed.: We identified 1124 cases of childhood cancers with a median follow-up of 3.49 (0 to 24.06) years. The most common primary malignancies were leukaemia (47.1%), central nervous system tumours (11.7%) and lymphoma (9.8%). Fifteen cases developed SMNs, most commonly acute myeloid leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 7). Median interval between the first and second malignancy was 3.41 (0.24 to 18.30) years. Overall 20-year cumulative incidence of SMNs was 5.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 10.4%). The 15-year cumulative incidence of SMNs following acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was 4.4% (95% CI, 0% to 8.9%), significantly lower than the risk after osteosarcoma of 14.2% (95% CI, 0.7% to 27.7%) within 5 years (<0.0005). Overall 5-year survival for SMNs was lower than that of primary malignancies.: This study identified factors explaining the epidemiology of SMNs described, and found topoisomerase II inhibitor use to be a likely risk factor in our cohort. Modifications have already been made to our existing therapeutic protocols in osteosarcoma treatment. We also recognised the importance of other risk management strategies, including regular long-term surveillance and early intervention for detected SMNs, to improve outcomes of high risk patients.
Bone Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cancer Care Facilities ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; epidemiology ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; epidemiology ; Osteosarcoma ; therapy ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Survivors ; statistics & numerical data ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Korea with respect to dilemmas of participating in sports with regards to the facilitators and barriers, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: The facilitators and barriers to sports participation of individuals with SCI were examined using 112 ICF categories. A questionnaire in dichotomous scale was answered, which covered the subjects 'Body functions', 'Body structures', 'Activity and participation' and 'Environmental factors'. Data analysis included the use of descriptive statistics to examine the frequency and magnitude of reported issues. RESULTS: Sixty-two community-dwelling participants were recruited. Frequently addressed barriers in 'Body functions' were mobility related problems such as muscle and joint problems, bladder and bowel functions, pressure ulcers, and pain. In 'Activity and participation', most frequently reported were mobility and self-care problems. Highly addressed barriers in 'Environmental factors' were sports facilities, financial cost, transportation problems and lack of information. Relationships such as peer, family and friends were the most important facilitators. CONCLUSION: Numerous barriers still exist for SCI survivors to participate in sports, especially in the area of health care needs and environmental factors. Our results support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to promote sports participation.
Athletes* ; Consumer Participation ; Delivery of Health Care ; Friends ; Humans ; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ; Joints ; Korea ; Pressure Ulcer ; Self Care ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Sports* ; Statistics as Topic ; Survivors ; Transportation ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking is associated not only with increased risk of cancer incidence, but also influences prognosis, and the quality of life of the cancer survivors. Thus, smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis is necessary. However, smoking behavior among Korean cancer-survivors is yet unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the smoking status of 23770 adults, aged 18 years or older, who participated in the Health Interview Survey of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2010. Data on the cancer diagnosis and smoking history were obtained from an interview conducted by trained personals. "Cancer-survivor" was defined as anyone who has been diagnosed with cancer by a physician regardless of time duration since diagnosis. Smoking status was classified into "never-smoker", "former-smoker", and "current-smoker". Former-smoker was further divided into "cessation before diagnosis" and "cessation after diagnosis". RESULTS: Overall, 2.1% of Korean adults were cancer-survivors. The smoking rate of Korean cancer-survivors was lower than that of non-cancer controls (7.8+/-1.3% vs. 26.4+/-0.4%, p<0.001). However, 53.4% of the cancer-survivors continued to smoke after their cancer diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, male gender [odds ratio (OR), 6.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.62-15.31], middle-aged group (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.12-6.72), the lowest income (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.19-14.15), living with smoking family member(s) (OR, 5.49; 95% CI, 2.42-12.48), and the poor self-perceived health status (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.01-7.71) were independently associated with persistent smoking among Korean cancer-survivors. CONCLUSION: The smoking rate among Korean cancer survivors is low. However, the smoking cessation rate after the cancer diagnosis is also low. This mandates comprehensive and systematic intervention for smoking cessation among cancer-survivors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Health Status ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/*psychology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; *Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Survivors/*psychology

OBJECTIVE: compare quality of life (QoL) and sexual functioning between sexually active ovarian cancer survivors and healthy women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 103 successfully treated ovarian cancer survivors and 220 healthy women. All women had engaged in sexual activity within the previous 3 months, and ovarian cancer survivors were under surveillance after primary treatment without evidence of disease. QoL and sexual functioning were assessed using three questionnaires; the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), Ovarian Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-OV28), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Propensity score matching was used to adjust covariates between the ovarian cancer survivor and healthy women groups. In total, 73 ovarian cancer survivors and 73 healthy women were compared. RESULTS: Poorer social functioning (mean, 82.4 vs. 90.9; p=0.010) and more financial difficulties (mean, 16.4 vs. 7.8; p=0.019) were observed among ovarian cancer survivors than among healthy women. Sexuality, both in terms of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain and in terms of interest in sex, sexual activity, and enjoyment of sex (EORTC QLQ-OV28) were similar between the groups. However, vaginal dryness was more problematic in ovarian cancer survivors, with borderline statistical significance (p=0.081). CONCLUSION: Sexuality was not impaired in ovarian cancer survivors who were without evidence of disease after primary treatment and having sexual activities, compared with healthy women, whereas social functioning and financial status did deteriorate. Prospective cohort studies are needed.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/psychology/rehabilitation ; *Quality of Life/psychology ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology/psychology ; *Sexuality/physiology/psychology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Survivors/psychology/statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVE: To determine the physical activity (PA) behavior, needs and preferences for underserved, ethnically diverse women with a history of endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: Women with a history of EC (41 non-Hispanic black, 40 non-Hispanic white, and 18 Hispanic) completed a needs assessment during their regular follow-up appointments at Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, NY, USA. An 8-week pilot PA intervention based on the results of the needs assessment was conducted with 5 EC survivors. RESULTS: Mean body mass index (BMI) among the 99 respondents was 34.1+/-7.6 kg/m2, and 66% did not exercise regularly. Self-described weight status was significantly lower than actual BMI category (p<0.001). Of the 86% who were interested in joining an exercise program, 95% were willing to attend at least once weekly. The primary motivations were improving health, losing weight, and feeling better physically. Despite the high interest in participation, volunteer rate was very low (8%). However, adherence to the 8-week pilot PA intervention was high (83%), and there were no adverse events. Body weight decreased in all pilot participants. CONCLUSION: These data show that ethnically diverse EC survivors have a great need for, and are highly interested in, PA interventions. However, greater care needs to be taken to assess and identify barriers to increase participation in such programs.
Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Endometrial Neoplasms/epidemiology/*ethnology/*rehabilitation ; Ethnic Groups ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Health Behavior/ethnology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; *Needs Assessment/statistics & numerical data ; Obesity/complications/therapy ; Pilot Projects ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Survivors/statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze physical activity as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an actigraph in breast cancer survivors, as well as to identify their intention to participate in a physical activity program. METHODS: Breast cancer patients who had been diagnosed for more than six months (N=135) at a university hospital participated from June 2012 to May 2013. Physical activity was measured using the Korean version of the IPAQ-Short Form and Actigraph GT3X plus an accelerator for seven consecutive days. Data analyses were conducted using the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. RESULTS: Mean total physical activity was 2298.21 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week as assessed by IPAQ and 150,140.57 counts/day as measured by an actigraph. There were statistically significant correlations between moderate physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.735, p<.001), vigorous physical activity from IPAQ and vigorous intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.871, p<.001), total physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.825, p<.001), respectively. Most (80.7%) cancer survivors reported a positive attitude toward physical activity and 57.8% expressed a willingness to participate in a physical activity program. More than half (60%) of the subjects preferred walking, 80.6% preferred more than 30 minutes of exercise, and 57.1% wanted to engage in physical activity three times a week and preferred home-based activities. Perceived barriers included fatigue, lack of strength and pain. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider intensity, personal preferences, and patient-perceived barriers when developing physical activity programs for breast cancer survivors.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Intention* ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity* ; Statistics as Topic ; Survivors* ; Walking

OBJECTIVETo explore the related testing indicators variation of HIV long-term non-progress populations.

METHODSThe long-term non-progress populations in some areas of Henan were recruited, and the study was carried out according to different CD4(+)T lymphocytes counts for two groups. The dynamic characteristics of immune status and viral load between LTNP-1group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, 42 cases) and LTNP-2 group(350/µl ≤ CD4(+)T lymphocytes < 500/µl, 49 cases) from July 2010 to August 2013 were observed. The characteristics of HIV elite controllers during the follow-up were also described.

RESULTSLTNP were recruited, 56% (51 cases) were men, and 44% (40 cases) were women. The study population were aged from 38 to 65 years old. A total of 320 individuals were followed-up, 14 cases were lost, 2 deaths, and 16 cases had received antiretroviral therapy during four years. To analyze the annual changes of CD4(+)T lymphocytes and VL of the group from 2010 to 2013, LTNP-1 group CD4(+)T lymphocytes from 654.0(545.2-809.5) decreased to 494.0(341.0-574.7), and LTNP-2 group decreased from 493.0 (429.5-770.0) to 343.5(253.0-500.8), CD4(+)T lymphocytes decline of over times of two groups in longitudinal analysis (χ(2) = 50.32, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 31.03, P < 0.01). lg (VL) of LTNP-1 group were 3.52 (3.15-4.27), 3.71 (2.70-4.55), 3.86 (3.59-4.55), 3.96 (3.25-4.36), and lg (VL) of TNP-2 group were 4.35 (3.72-4.83), 4.35 (3.97-4.94), 4.71 (3.96-4.95), 5.04(4.78-5.26), respectively (P > 0.05). The same year inter-group comparison found CD4(+)T lymphocytes of LTNP-1 group were higher than LTNP-2 group (Z = 5.23, P < 0.01; Z = 3.06, P < 0.01; Z = 2.51, P < 0.05; Z = 2.47, P < 0.05). VL of LTNP-2 group increased from 4.35(3.97-4.94) to 5.04 (4.78-5.26) during 2011 to 2013, were higher than LTNP-1 group in the same year (Z = 2.28, P < 0.05; Z = 2.58, P < 0.05; Z = 2.76, P < 0.05). 65 cases HCV antibody were positive in 91 individuals, and the HCV antibody positive rate was 76% (32/42), 67% (33/49) between LTNP-1 group and LTNP-2 group. Six elite controllers maintained CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, VL<1 000 copies/ml during four years follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term non-progress populations in Henan were overall healthy, and VL were relatively stable, there was a decreased trend of CD4 year by year, and HCV co-infection rate was high.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; HIV Long-Term Survivors ; statistics & numerical data ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; Viral Load ; statistics & numerical data

Influenza vaccination is important for cancer survivors, a population with impaired immunity. This study was designed to assess influenza vaccination patterns among Korean cancer survivors. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from standardized questionnaires from 943 cancer survivors and 41,233 non-cancer survivors who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2011). We identified the adjusted influenza vaccination rates and assessed factors associated with influenza vaccination using multivariate logistic regression. Cancer survivors tended to have a higher adjusted influenza vaccination rate than the general population. The rates for influenza vaccination in specific cancer types such as stomach, hepatic, colon, and lung cancers were significantly higher than non-cancer survivors. Among all cancer survivors, those with chronic diseases, elderly subjects, and rural dwellers were more likely to receive influenza vaccination; those with cervical cancer were less likely to receive influenza vaccination. Cancer survivors were more likely to receive influenza vaccinations than non-cancer survivors, but this was not true for particular groups, especially younger cancer survivors. Cancer survivors represent a sharply growing population; therefore, immunization against influenza among cancer survivors should be concerned as their significant preventative healthcare services.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Comorbidity ; Disease Susceptibility/mortality ; Educational Status ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human/*mortality/*prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Vaccination/*utilization ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Social Class ; Survival Rate ; Survivors/*statistics & numerical data

To review long-term respiratory effects of mustard gas on Iranian veterans having undergone Iraq-Iran war. Electronic databases of Scopus, Medline, ISI, IranMedex, and Irandoc sites were searched. We accepted articles published in scientific journals as a quality criterion.The main pathogenic factors are free radical mediators. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement is approximately 42.5%. The most common complaints are cough and dyspnea. Major respiratory complications are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Spirometry results can reveal restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disease. Plain chest X-ray does not help in about 50% of lung diseases. High-resolution CT of the lung is the best modality for diagnostic assessment of parenchymal lung and bronchi. There is no definite curative treatment for mustard lung. The effective treatment regimens consist of oxygen administration, use of vaporized moist air, respiratory physiotherapy, administration of mucolytic agents, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-2 agonists, antioxidants, surfactant, magnesium ions, therapeutic bronchoscopy, laser therapy, placement of respiratory stents, early tracheostomy in laryngospasm, and ultimately lung transplantation. High-resolution CT of the lung is the most accurate modality for the evaluation of the lung parenchyma and bronchi. The treatment efficacy of patients exposed to mustard gas depends on patient conditions (acute or chronic, upper or lower respiratory tract involvement). There are various treatment protocols, but unfortunately none of them is definitely curable.
Adult ; Chemical Warfare ; Chemical Warfare Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Iran ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mustard Gas ; pharmacology ; Respiratory System ; drug effects ; Survivors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veterans ; statistics & numerical data