Objective To investigate the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and baseline clinical characteristics in super-aged (≥ 80 years old) patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods A total of 108 super-aged patients with persistent AF were included in AF group, and 127 super-aged patients with sinus rhythm were included in control group. 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring was conducted to compare heart rate and HRV time-domain indicators[standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the average of normal to normal intervals (SDANN) every 5 minutes throughout the recording, mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent N-N intervals (RMSSD), average value of standard deviation of 5-minute NN intervals throughout the recording (SDNN index), heart rate variability (HRV) index, and percentage of NN intervals with differences greater than 50 ms accounting for the total number of NN intervals (PNN50)]. Clinical characteristics of AF patients were collected, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between HRV time-domain indicators and heart rate and baseline clinical characteristics. Results SDNN, RMSSD, HRV index, PNN50, and SDNN index were higher in the AF group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that increased SDNN was significantly associated with hypertension (P=0.001), use of β-blockers (P=0.003), and slow heart rate (P < 0.001). Increased RMSSD wassignificantly associated with hypertension (P=0.040), use of β-blockers (P=0.002), and slow heart rate (P < 0.001). Increased HRV index was significantly associated with heart failure (P=0.003) and slow heart rate (P < 0.001). Increased PNN50 was significantly associated with slow heart rate (P=0.004). Increased SDNN index was significantly associated with the use of β-blockers (P=0.002) and slow heart rate (P < 0.001). Increased SDANN was significantly associated with hypertension (P=0.006), slow heart rate (P < 0.001), and use of dabigatran (P=0.021). Conclusion There is a correlation between HRV and baseline clinical characteristics in super-aged patients with persistent AF, which may be due to the activity status of the autonomic nervous system.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To obtain purified protein antigen of guertu virus (GTV) nucleoprotein (NP) and establish a rapid and accurate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detection of GTV antibody.Methods:Codon optimized GTV NP encoding genes were synthesized, cloned into the pet32a (+) vector, and recombinant expression plasmids were constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3). Recombinant protein (rNP) obtained from the optimized expression were purified over a Ni column and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified protein was used as the antigen to optimize the reaction conditions, and an indirect ELISA assay for GTV IgG antibody was developed and optimized, which was evaluated and initially applied.Results:The prokaryotic expression plasmid pet32a-NP was successfully constructed, the recombinant protein was highly expressed in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies, the size was about 44 kD, and the results of Western blot indicated that the recombinant protein had good antigenicity with GTV positive serum. The optimized ELISA (GTV-rNP-iELISA) established in this study showed strong specificity, high sensitivity, and the coefficient of variation within and between batches is less than 10%, and has good repeatability; the detection results are consistent with the IFA detection results. Using the established ELISA method to detect 162 sheep sera from some regions of Xinjiang in 2017-2019, the total positive rate of antibodies was 39.8%.Conclusions:The GTV NP antibody detection ELISA method has good sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity and has the potential to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis and serological investigation of GTV infection.

Objective:To obtain purified protein antigen of guertu virus (GTV) nucleoprotein (NP) and establish a rapid and accurate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detection of GTV antibody.Methods:Codon optimized GTV NP encoding genes were synthesized, cloned into the pet32a (+) vector, and recombinant expression plasmids were constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3). Recombinant protein (rNP) obtained from the optimized expression were purified over a Ni column and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified protein was used as the antigen to optimize the reaction conditions, and an indirect ELISA assay for GTV IgG antibody was developed and optimized, which was evaluated and initially applied.Results:The prokaryotic expression plasmid pet32a-NP was successfully constructed, the recombinant protein was highly expressed in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies, the size was about 44 kD, and the results of Western blot indicated that the recombinant protein had good antigenicity with GTV positive serum. The optimized ELISA (GTV-rNP-iELISA) established in this study showed strong specificity, high sensitivity, and the coefficient of variation within and between batches is less than 10%, and has good repeatability; the detection results are consistent with the IFA detection results. Using the established ELISA method to detect 162 sheep sera from some regions of Xinjiang in 2017-2019, the total positive rate of antibodies was 39.8%.Conclusions:The GTV NP antibody detection ELISA method has good sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity and has the potential to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis and serological investigation of GTV infection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of chloroquine in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) of HNE1/DDP cell line and explore the mechanism.

METHODSMTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP after exposure to different concentrations of DDP (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 µmol/L) and different concentrations of chloroquine (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µmol/L). q-PCR was used to assess the expression of MDR1 mRNA and Western blotting was employed to detect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 5 and 10 µmol/L chloroquine. The cell apoptosis rate of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 10 and 20 µmol

RESULTSChloroquine exposure caused dose-dependent suppression of the proliferation in both HNE1 and HNE1

CONCLUSIONChloroquine can reverse multidrug resistance in HNE1
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chloroquine ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) of HNE1/DDP cell line and explore the mechanism. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP after exposure to different concentrations of DDP (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32μmol/L) and different concentrations of chloroquine (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μmol/L). q-PCR was used to assess the expression of MDR1 mRNA and Western blotting was employed to detect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 5 and 10μmol/L chloroquine. The cell apoptosis rate of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 10 and 20μmol/L chloroquine was determined by PI assay. Results Chloroquine exposure caused dose-dependent suppression of the proliferation in both HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells, and significantly reversed multidrug resistance in HNE1/DDP cells. The expressions of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp protein were significantly lowered in the cells treated with chloroquine. Conclusion Chloroquine can reverse multidrug resistance in HNE1/DDP cells possibly through down-regulation of MDR1 and inhibition of P-gp protein.

Objective To evaluate the anticoagulant and antineoplastic activities of chemically modified low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Methods LMWH obtained by splitting unfractionated heparin (UFH) with sodium periodate oxidation and sodium borohydride reduction was subjected to acetylation catalyzed by DCC and DMAP to produce acetylated LMWH (ALMWH). The anticoagulant activity of ALMWH was determined in mice, and its antiproliferative and anti-invasion activities was assessed in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MFC-7. Results The anticoagulant activity of LMWH was decreased significantly after acetylation. The concentrations of commercial LMWH* and ALMWH for doubling the coagulation time (CT) were 33.04 μmol/L and 223.56 μmol/L, respectively, and the IC50 of ALMWH for doubling CT was 6 times of that of LMWH*. ALMWH and LMWH at 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 and 8.1 mmol/L both significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but ALMWH produced stronger inhibitory effects. The IC50 of LMWH and ALMWH for inhibiting cell proliferation was 3168.4 μmol/L and 152.6 μmol/L in MCF-7 cells, and 12299.6 μmol/L and 22.2 μmol/L in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. ALMWH and LMWH all markedly suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells with comparable effects. Conclusion Chemical modification of structure can endow LMWH with a low anticoagulant and high antiproliferative activities.

Objective To evaluate the anticoagulant and antineoplastic activities of chemically modified low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Methods LMWH obtained by splitting unfractionated heparin (UFH) with sodium periodate oxidation and sodium borohydride reduction was subjected to acetylation catalyzed by DCC and DMAP to produce acetylated LMWH (ALMWH). The anticoagulant activity of ALMWH was determined in mice, and its antiproliferative and anti-invasion activities was assessed in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MFC-7. Results The anticoagulant activity of LMWH was decreased significantly after acetylation. The concentrations of commercial LMWH* and ALMWH for doubling the coagulation time (CT) were 33.04 μmol/L and 223.56 μmol/L, respectively, and the IC50 of ALMWH for doubling CT was 6 times of that of LMWH*. ALMWH and LMWH at 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 and 8.1 mmol/L both significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but ALMWH produced stronger inhibitory effects. The IC50 of LMWH and ALMWH for inhibiting cell proliferation was 3168.4 μmol/L and 152.6 μmol/L in MCF-7 cells, and 12299.6 μmol/L and 22.2 μmol/L in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. ALMWH and LMWH all markedly suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells with comparable effects. Conclusion Chemical modification of structure can endow LMWH with a low anticoagulant and high antiproliferative activities.

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) of HNE1/DDP cell line and explore the mechanism. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP after exposure to different concentrations of DDP (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32μmol/L) and different concentrations of chloroquine (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μmol/L). q-PCR was used to assess the expression of MDR1 mRNA and Western blotting was employed to detect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 5 and 10μmol/L chloroquine. The cell apoptosis rate of HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells exposed to 10 and 20μmol/L chloroquine was determined by PI assay. Results Chloroquine exposure caused dose-dependent suppression of the proliferation in both HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells, and significantly reversed multidrug resistance in HNE1/DDP cells. The expressions of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp protein were significantly lowered in the cells treated with chloroquine. Conclusion Chloroquine can reverse multidrug resistance in HNE1/DDP cells possibly through down-regulation of MDR1 and inhibition of P-gp protein.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antineoplastic effects of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) combined with Taxol on orthotopically transplanted breast cancer in C3H mice and explore the mechanism.

METHODSC3H mice bearing orthotopically transplanted breast cancer xenograft were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the control group, 2-DG group, Taxol group, and 2-DG+Taxol group. The corresponding drugs were administered intraperitoneally every 3 days for 18 consecutive days, and the tumor volume was measured every 3 days to draw the tumor growth curve. The mice were then sacrificed to measure the tumor weight on day 19 and examine tumor cell apoptosis with TUNEL assay and VEGF expression using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS2-DG combined with Taxol obviously suppressed the tumor growth with a tumor inhibition rate of 66.06% as compared to the rate of 36.97% in Taxol group. The combined treatment also caused more obvious cell apoptosis and significantly reduced VEGF expression in the tumor cells as compared with the other groups.

CONCLUSION2-DG can enhance the inhibitory effect of Taxol on orthotopically transplanted breast cancer xenograft in C3H mice probably by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and lowering VEGF expressions.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxyglucose ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays