Objective: To establish and evaluate the validity of the recently developed Korean version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (K-OCS), this study verified its reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Between November 2021 and December 2023, we recruited 72 patients with stroke from our hospital who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were repeatedly tested using K-OCS by the same or different assessors to estimate inter- and intra-rater reliability. To demonstrate the validity and usability of K-OCS, the test results of screening tools currently used in clinical practice, including the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, were used in comparison analyses. Results: The subtests of K-OCS demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.914–0.998) and test–retest reliability (ICC=0.913–0.994). We found moderate-to-strong correlations for convergent validity for the subsets (r=0.378– 0.979, p<0.01), and low-to-moderate discriminant validity correlations. The optimal cut-offs estimated for the subtests of the K-OCS showed a good-to-high range of specificity (94.8%– 100%). The positive predictive value was 58.2%–100% and negative predictive value was 65.6%–98.4%. Sensitivity was estimated at 25.6%–86.9%. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that K-OCS is a reliable and valid tool for screening cognitive impairment in patients post-stroke.

Objective: To establish and evaluate the validity of the recently developed Korean version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (K-OCS), this study verified its reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Between November 2021 and December 2023, we recruited 72 patients with stroke from our hospital who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were repeatedly tested using K-OCS by the same or different assessors to estimate inter- and intra-rater reliability. To demonstrate the validity and usability of K-OCS, the test results of screening tools currently used in clinical practice, including the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, were used in comparison analyses. Results: The subtests of K-OCS demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.914–0.998) and test–retest reliability (ICC=0.913–0.994). We found moderate-to-strong correlations for convergent validity for the subsets (r=0.378– 0.979, p<0.01), and low-to-moderate discriminant validity correlations. The optimal cut-offs estimated for the subtests of the K-OCS showed a good-to-high range of specificity (94.8%– 100%). The positive predictive value was 58.2%–100% and negative predictive value was 65.6%–98.4%. Sensitivity was estimated at 25.6%–86.9%. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that K-OCS is a reliable and valid tool for screening cognitive impairment in patients post-stroke.

Objective: To establish and evaluate the validity of the recently developed Korean version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (K-OCS), this study verified its reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Between November 2021 and December 2023, we recruited 72 patients with stroke from our hospital who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were repeatedly tested using K-OCS by the same or different assessors to estimate inter- and intra-rater reliability. To demonstrate the validity and usability of K-OCS, the test results of screening tools currently used in clinical practice, including the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, were used in comparison analyses. Results: The subtests of K-OCS demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.914–0.998) and test–retest reliability (ICC=0.913–0.994). We found moderate-to-strong correlations for convergent validity for the subsets (r=0.378– 0.979, p<0.01), and low-to-moderate discriminant validity correlations. The optimal cut-offs estimated for the subtests of the K-OCS showed a good-to-high range of specificity (94.8%– 100%). The positive predictive value was 58.2%–100% and negative predictive value was 65.6%–98.4%. Sensitivity was estimated at 25.6%–86.9%. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that K-OCS is a reliable and valid tool for screening cognitive impairment in patients post-stroke.

Objective: This study evaluated the health behavior level of urological cancer survivors after surgery.Understand the experience of change and identify the factors that affect it for health. Selection of the best intervention steps and effective intervention adopt a lifestyle. It is intended to contribute to the creation of basic data for development of guidelines. Methods: The study was conducted with patients diagnosed with urological cancer at a hospital in Seoul.Study data were obtained by having 100 patients who agreed to the study self-fill out a questionnaire through interviews, and the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Score (2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE) was used to estimate the level of health behavior. Results: The study examines health behavior among urolgical cancer survivors based on the 2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE. Higher household income and younger age were associated with better health behavior scores, with those under 60 and earning over 3 million won being more likely to have higher scores. Conclusion Based on these results, this study requires comprehensive data collection considering the missing variables, suggesting that high household income and young age can positively affect healthy behavior. In addition, we conclude that education for cancer survivors and development of strategies to bridge the health gap for low-income and elderly populations are necessary.

Objective: This study evaluated the health behavior level of urological cancer survivors after surgery.Understand the experience of change and identify the factors that affect it for health. Selection of the best intervention steps and effective intervention adopt a lifestyle. It is intended to contribute to the creation of basic data for development of guidelines. Methods: The study was conducted with patients diagnosed with urological cancer at a hospital in Seoul.Study data were obtained by having 100 patients who agreed to the study self-fill out a questionnaire through interviews, and the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Score (2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE) was used to estimate the level of health behavior. Results: The study examines health behavior among urolgical cancer survivors based on the 2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE. Higher household income and younger age were associated with better health behavior scores, with those under 60 and earning over 3 million won being more likely to have higher scores. Conclusion Based on these results, this study requires comprehensive data collection considering the missing variables, suggesting that high household income and young age can positively affect healthy behavior. In addition, we conclude that education for cancer survivors and development of strategies to bridge the health gap for low-income and elderly populations are necessary.

Objective: This study evaluated the health behavior level of urological cancer survivors after surgery.Understand the experience of change and identify the factors that affect it for health. Selection of the best intervention steps and effective intervention adopt a lifestyle. It is intended to contribute to the creation of basic data for development of guidelines. Methods: The study was conducted with patients diagnosed with urological cancer at a hospital in Seoul.Study data were obtained by having 100 patients who agreed to the study self-fill out a questionnaire through interviews, and the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Score (2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE) was used to estimate the level of health behavior. Results: The study examines health behavior among urolgical cancer survivors based on the 2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE. Higher household income and younger age were associated with better health behavior scores, with those under 60 and earning over 3 million won being more likely to have higher scores. Conclusion Based on these results, this study requires comprehensive data collection considering the missing variables, suggesting that high household income and young age can positively affect healthy behavior. In addition, we conclude that education for cancer survivors and development of strategies to bridge the health gap for low-income and elderly populations are necessary.

Objective: To generate a Korean version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (K-OCS) and obtain cutoff scores that determine the impairment of each subdomain. Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) negatively impacts the rehabilitation process and independence in daily life. Its obscure manifestations require effective screening for appropriate rehabilitation. However, in most rehabilitation clinics, psychological evaluation tools for Alzheimer’s dementia have been used without such considerations. The OCS is a screening assessment tool for PSCI and vascular dementia that can evaluate the cognitive domains most often affected by stroke, including language, attention, memory, praxis, and numerical cognition. It comprises 10 subtasks and enables quick and effective cognitive evaluation. Methods: The K-OCS, which considers Korea’s unique cultural and linguistic characteristics, was developed with the approval and cooperation of the original author. Enrollment of participants without disabilities was announced at Duksung Women’s University, Yongin Sevrance Hospital, CHA Bundang Medical Center. The study was conducted between September 2020 and March 2022 on 97 male and female participants aged ≥30 years. Results: All the 97 participants completed the task. In this study, the 5th percentile score was presumed to be the cutoff value for each score, and the values are provided here. The cutoff score for each OCS subtask was similar to that of the original British version. Conclusion We suggest the usability of the K-OCS as a screening tool for PSCI by providing the cutoff value of each subtask.

The emergence of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a chatbot developed by OpenAI, has garnered interest in the application of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models in the medical field. This review summarizes different generative AI models and their potential applications in the field of medicine and explores the evolving landscape of Generative Adversarial Networks and diffusion models since the introduction of generative AI models. These models have made valuable contributions to the field of radiology. Furthermore, this review also explores the significance of synthetic data in addressing privacy concerns and augmenting data diversity and quality within the medical domain, in addition to emphasizing the role of inversion in the investigation of generative models and outlining an approach to replicate this process. We provide an overview of Large Language Models, such as GPTs and bidirectional encoder representations (BERTs), that focus on prominent representatives and discuss recent initiatives involving language-vision models in radiology, including innovative large language and vision assistant for biomedicine (LLaVa-Med), to illustrate their practical application.This comprehensive review offers insights into the wide-ranging applications of generative AI models in clinical research and emphasizes their transformative potential.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone (160 mg/day) compared to quetiapine XR (QXR; 600 mg/day) in the treatment of acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with lurasidone 160 mg/day (n=105) or QXR 600 mg/day (n=105). Primary efficacy measure was the change from baseline to week 6 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score and Clinical Global Impressions severity (CGI-S) score. Adverse events, body measurements, and laboratory parameters were assessed. Results: Lurasidone demonstrated non-inferiority to QXR on the PANSS total score. Adjusted mean±standard error change at week 6 on the PANSS total score was -26.42±2.02 and -27.33±2.01 in the lurasidone and QXR group, respectively. The mean difference score was -0.91 (95% confidence interval -6.35–4.53). The lurasidone group showed a greater reduction in PANSS total and negative subscale on week 1 and a greater reduction in end-point CGI-S score compared to the QXR group. Body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in the lurasidone group were reduced, with significantly lower mean change compared to QXR. Endpoint changes in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels were also significantly lower. The most common adverse drug reactions with lurasidone were akathisia and nausea. Conclusion Lurasidone 160 mg/day was found to be non-inferior to QXR 600 mg/day in the treatment of schizophrenia with comparable efficacy and tolerability. Adverse effects of lurasidone were generally tolerable, and beneficial effects on metabolic parameters can be expected.

Purpose: Tinnitus is one of the most common health conditions worldwide. Although various methods of treatment have been used, the condition is still difficult to manage or cure. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of transcutaneous trigeminal electrical stimulation (TTES) combined with notched sound therapy (NST) on patients with tinnitus. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted prospectively from September 2020 to September 2021 at a single center in South Korea. In total, 14 patients took part in this trial. Periodic visits and tele-monitoring were used to assess treatment compliance and collect data, including electroencephalography (EEG), photoplethysmography (PPG), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus magnitude index, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) results. Results: Changes after intervention were analyzed with paired t-test. This study showed that alpha waves in the left hemisphere measured by EEG (p=0.024), autonomic nervous system balance (p=0.007), and stress level (p=0.022) measured by PPG significantly changed after intervention. Also, THI scores especially emotional symptoms (p=0.029) and catastrophic symptoms (p=0.043) decreased after treatment. The SF-36 score, both mental component summary and physical component summary score (each p<0.001), increased significantly, whereas the PSQI score (p<0.001) and BDI score (p<0.001) decreased after TTES and NST. Conclusion Based on the results of our study, we could confirm that TTES combined with NST can significantly improve tinnitus, catastrophic symptoms, and the overall quality of life of patients.