PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. METHODS: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. RESULTS: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.
Caregivers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Nurses, Male ; Nursing ; Professionalism ; Public Relations ; Qualitative Research

Medtronic CapSureFix MRI 5086 pacing lead (5086; Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) has been reported to be associated with increased cardiac perforation and lead dislodgement. This study aimed to compare the incidence of cardiac perforation and lead dislodgement within 30 days after pacemaker implantation between 5086 MRI lead and previous Medtronic CapSureFix Novus 5076 non-MRI pacing lead. This was a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study in which we compared the incidence of adverse events between 277 patients implanted with 5086 lead and 205 patients implanted with 5076 lead between March 2009 and September 2014. Cardiac perforation within 30 days of pacemaker implantation occurred in 4 patients (1.4%) with the 5086 lead and in no patient with the 5076 lead (P = 0.084). Lead dislodgement occurred in 8 patients (2.9%) with the 5086 lead and in 5 patients (2.4%) with the 5076 lead (P = 0.764). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, age was significantly associated with cardiac perforation. Congestive heart failure and implantation of right atrial (RA) lead at RA free wall or septum were significant factors for the incidence of lead dislodgement and lead revision. The incidence of cardiac perforation and lead dislodgement were not statistically different between the patients with 5086 lead and the patients with 5076 lead. However, careful attention for cardiac perforation may be needed when using the 5086 MRI lead, especially in elderly patients.
Aged ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To describe normal anatomy and compare the differences of external genital organs and urethra on MR imaging in pre- and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 19 pre- and 18 postmenopausal healthy women underwent pelvis MR imaging at 1.5 T. Two radiologists retrospectively scored and compared the image quality of female external genitalia and urethra on axial T2-weighted images (T2WI) and axial fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (FSCE-T1WI) by using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The radiologists compared the wall thickness or size of external genital organs and urethra on FSCE-T1WI between two groups by using Student t test. RESULTS: Image quality was better with FSCE-T1WI than with T2WI in all subjects (p < 0.05). The vestibular bulb, clitoris and labium minor were more clearly visualized on FSCE-T1WI in premenopausal subjects rather than in postmenopausal subjects (p < 0.05). The urethra had a target-like appearance with three layers in premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects. Postmenopausal subjects were observed to have significantly smaller vaginal wall thickness, urethral wall thickness and vestibular bulb width than premenopausal subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anatomy and morphologic changes of female external genital organs and urethra were well discernible on FSCE-T1WI.
Clitoris ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratoses (AK) have been recognized as precancerous lesions, they have been recently considered to be an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, there have been few studies to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of AK, and especially in the Province of Chungcheongnam-do. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of 80 cases of AK in the province of Chungcheongnam-do. METHODS: The authors evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 80 patients with AK at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from January 1998 to December 2008. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:4.7. The age distribution ranged from 42 to 93 years old. Single lesions are more common than multiple lesions. The duration of lesions was variable with a mean duration of 25.1 months. The most commonly involved sites were the face and especially the cheek. The color was erythematous in 63.3% of the cases, brownish in 24.5%, dark-brownish in 9.5% and gray in 2.7%. Crust and scale were noted in 37.4% and 22.4% of the cases, respectively. SCC was associated with AK in 6.3% of the cases, basal cell carcinoma was associated with AK in 1.3%, and keratoacanthoma in 1.3%. The most common histopathological types of AK were atrophic types in 20.6%, and this was followed by the hypertrophic types in 18.6% of the cases and the hypertrophic and atrophic types in 14.7% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Our results are similar to those of the previous reports. In addition, we observed a consistently higher incidence in females than males in the Korean reports and a more frequent incidence of single lesions than multiple lesions in the Asian reports. We found that AK is not easily distinguishable from SCC both clinically and cytologically. Thus, we suggest that biopsies and active treatments should be performed on AK lesions.
Actins ; Age Distribution ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheek ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Male

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratoses (AK) have been recognized as precancerous lesions, they have been recently considered to be an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, there have been few studies to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of AK, and especially in the Province of Chungcheongnam-do. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of 80 cases of AK in the province of Chungcheongnam-do. METHODS: The authors evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 80 patients with AK at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from January 1998 to December 2008. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:4.7. The age distribution ranged from 42 to 93 years old. Single lesions are more common than multiple lesions. The duration of lesions was variable with a mean duration of 25.1 months. The most commonly involved sites were the face and especially the cheek. The color was erythematous in 63.3% of the cases, brownish in 24.5%, dark-brownish in 9.5% and gray in 2.7%. Crust and scale were noted in 37.4% and 22.4% of the cases, respectively. SCC was associated with AK in 6.3% of the cases, basal cell carcinoma was associated with AK in 1.3%, and keratoacanthoma in 1.3%. The most common histopathological types of AK were atrophic types in 20.6%, and this was followed by the hypertrophic types in 18.6% of the cases and the hypertrophic and atrophic types in 14.7% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Our results are similar to those of the previous reports. In addition, we observed a consistently higher incidence in females than males in the Korean reports and a more frequent incidence of single lesions than multiple lesions in the Asian reports. We found that AK is not easily distinguishable from SCC both clinically and cytologically. Thus, we suggest that biopsies and active treatments should be performed on AK lesions.
Actins ; Age Distribution ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheek ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Male

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas are rare tumors of the pituitary gland and represent 1~2% of all pituitary adenomas. A TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma shows as a normal or elevated thyrotropin level in a hyperthyroid patient. We present a 32-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a TSH-secreting pituitary microadenoma. She had a high free T4, with a normal TSH and alpha-subunit. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) was done to confirm the alpha-subunit secreting adenoma, and the concentration of the alpha-subunit was high on the tumor side. The pituitary microadenoma was removed, and her TSH and free T4 levels decreased to normal. IPSS may help give an accurate diagnosis in the patient with a normal alpha-subunit.
Adenoma ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Petrosal Sinus Sampling ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Thyrotropin

BACKGROUND: Many epidemiological studies have reported that hyperuricemia was related to cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. However, there are few studies on the relationship between serum uric acid concentration and the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. We performed this study to assess the relationship between serum uric acid level and the factors of the metabolic syndrome among healthy Korean men. METHODS: We consecutively selected 206 male subjects who underwent health screening examination from February 2005 to April 2005 at the Health Promotion Center of Seoul Paik Hospital. Insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR and the metabolic syndrome factors were assessed by the quartiles of serum uric acid level. RESULTS: Body mass index (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.015), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.015), fasting insulin (P=0.038), and triglyceride (P=0.005) level increased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.008) decreased significantly from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of seum uric acid level. The proportions of the metabolic syndrome in each quartile were 13.7%, 15.7%, 18.9%, and 36.0%, respectively (P=0.007). However, insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR was not associated with serum uric acid. When compared with the lowest quartile group, the odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome of the second, the third, and the highest quartile groups were 1.42 (0.39-5.14), 1.14 (0.33-3.92), and 4.00 (1.15-13.89), respectively. CONCLUSION: We found that high uric acid level was significantly related to the factors of the metabolic syndrome and increased the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Further prospective studies with large sample size are necessary to establish whether uric acid level can pose as a risk factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Fasting ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Sample Size ; Seoul ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid*

Gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare lesion with mimicking malignant features and accompanied with various clinical manifestations. Here we present a 2-yr-old boy who had a gastric IMT with a huge extragastric mass, which closely resembled a neuroblastoma on imaging studies. He experienced intermittent fever and poor appetite for 6 weeks. Fever remained up to 38degrees C even on the operation day. He underwent partial gastrectomy and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy including the tumor. The preoperative fever disappeared and did not recur in the postoperative course.
Child, Preschool ; Fever of Unknown Origin/*etiology ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/*complications/*diagnosis/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach Diseases/*complications/*diagnosis/surgery

PURPOSE: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease and the complete resection is difficult due to its the aggressive histologic behavior. Among the possible treatments for the unresectable pancreatic cancer, intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has the several advantages. But the impacts of the IORT on survival and local control are not clear. We analyzed the effects of the IORT on pain control, survival duration and local control in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We reviewed 6 years of the medical records of 94 patients who had undergone operations involving the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (33 patient IORTs, 39 palliative surgerys only and 22 curative resections involving a curative resection). The clinicopathologic factors and outcomes of the 33 patients treated with the IORT were compared with those of the palliative surgery groups. RESULTS: The age and sex distribution and tumor stage were same for the two groups. The average tumor size in the IORT group was larger than those of the palliative surgery group. The preoperative serum CA19-9 level in the IORT group was higher than the other group. The most common reason for unresectability in the IORT group was local invasion to the adjacent organs including of the great vessels. On the contrary, distant metastasis was a more common cause unresectability in the palliative surgery group. The postoperative complications and operative times were similar in both groups. Pain relief after treatment was observed in 12 cases of the 26 patients in the IORT group, and 5 of 29 patients in the palliative surgery group (P<0.05). The cases of minor and partial remission were more common in the IORT group than the palliative surgery group. However, the survival rate of the IORT group was no better than the palliative surgery group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IORT may have an important palliative role especially in ameliorating visceral pain in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. However, IORT appears to have no significant effect on overall survival.
Adenocarcinoma ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Operative Time ; Palliative Care ; Pancreatic Neoplasms* ; Postoperative Complications ; Sex Distribution ; Survival Rate ; Visceral Pain

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status and basic demand of community based stroke-disabled for rehabilitation program development in an urban area. METHOD: The subjects were 46 residencial stroke disabled over 6 months after disease onset. Two teams (composed of one physiatrist and one nurse, respectively) visited patient's home, and evaluated physical and functional status and surveyed for the status and basic demand of community based rehabilitation. RESULTS: Forty two patients (91.3%) received primary medical care after onset of the stroke, and twenty two patients(47.8%) received rehabilitation therapy. The most common reason for not having received rehabilitation therapy was poor economic state. University hospital was the most common place of their rehabilitative management. Mean score of Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was 60.7. Mean score of Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) was 223 and economic self-sufficiency scale presented the lowest score as 6.5+/-4.6. The desire of patients for rehabilitation and welfare service was rehabilitation management and the desire of subjects for the government and society was warrant for livelihood. CONCLUSION: We concluded that rehabilitation program utilizing common resource such as areal university rehabilitation team and facilities of community health center should be developed.
Community Health Centers ; Humans ; Program Development ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke*