Renal artery stenosis is a cause of secondary hypertension which can be cured by surgical or radiological intervention such as percutaneous transluminal renal artery stent placement. In this case we present a subcapsular hematoma of the kidney, a complication following percutaneous transluminal stent placement in the renal artery. Reperfusion injury to the kidney may be a possible mechanism of subcapsular hematoma of the kidney. Long standing severe renal artery stenosis and high pre- and post- procedure pressure gradient might contribute to the complication.
Angioplasty ; Hematoma* ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Stents

Due to their unique living conditions and dietary habits, the Koreans' renal function model may be different from that of the Western people. About 40 years ago, a researcher reported that two thirds of the urine osmolality in Koreans was contributed by NaCl, while less than 1/3 by urea. It is known that the Koreans' daily consumption of NaCl is higher while their protein intake is lower, compared to that of the Westerners. Now-a-days, the Korean's dietary habit is changing to a westernized life style. In this study, we investigated whether there were changes in urine composition and osmolality according to age. The subject of study were 215 Koreans (128 male, 142 female, age 7-68 years) living in the Chonbuk and Chonnam province in Korea. We performed routine physical examinations and analyses of the urine Na+, K+, Cl-, urea, NH3, creatinine, and osmolality on their 24 hour urine samples. In the case of the male, total body water, Na and Cl excretion, urine ammonia excretion were significantly changed between groups. In the case of the female, total body water and urine creatinine excretion were significantly changed between groups. We calculated the urine osmolar contribution of NaCl and urea. Our results showed that NaCl composed 63.6 % of total urine osmolality and Urea composed 36.4% of total urine osmolality. In conclusion, urine osmolar composition is similar to the 1960's, but further studies are required to elucidate the change of urine composition in this population for another 50 years.
Ammonia ; Body Water ; Creatinine ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Physical Examination ; Social Conditions ; Urea

BACKGOUND: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a widely expressed growth factor with both mitogenic and chemotactic activities in many connective tissue cell types. There are four members of PDGF family; PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, PDGF-D. Their biological effects are mediated via two tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGF receptor-alpha and PDGF receptor-beta, and PDGF-mediated signaling is critical for development of many organ systems and acquired disease. The aims of this study were to determine the changes of PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-alpha expression in ischemia reperfusion acute renal failure model. METHODS: We examined the expression and localization of PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGF receptor-alpha protein using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and PDGF-C mRNA using RNase protection assay after ischemia reperfusion renal failure model. RESULTS: PDGF-A expression showed no change after ischemia reperfusion injury. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression increased at day 2 after ischemia reperfusion injury. PDGF-C expression increased at day 2 after ischemia reperfusion injury, and was localized in tubular epithelial cells of outer medulla. PDGFR-alpha increased at day 2 after ischemia reperfusion injury, and was localized in tubular interstitium of outer medulla. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that PDGF-C and PDGF receptor-alpha may have an important role in the renal regeneration after ischemia reperfusion renal injury.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Blood Platelets* ; Blotting, Western ; Connective Tissue Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ischemia* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Regeneration ; Renal Insufficiency* ; Reperfusion Injury ; Reperfusion* ; Ribonucleases ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Nephrolithiasis* ; Uric Acid*

D-Lactic acidosis has been well documented in ruminants. In humans, D-lactic acidosis is very rare, but D-lactic acidosis may be more common than generally believed and should be looked for in a case of metabolic acidosis in which the cause of acidosis is not apparent. The clinical presentation of D-lactic acidosis is characterized by episodes of encephalopathy and metabolic acidosis. The entity should be considered as a diagnosis in a patient who presents with metabolic acidosis accompanied by high anion gap, normal lactate level, negative Acetest, history of short bowel syndrome or malabsorption, and characteristic neurologic manifestations. Low carbohydrate diet, bicarbonate treatment, rehydration, and oral antibiotics would be helpful in controlling symptoms.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diagnosis ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans* ; Lactic Acid ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Ruminants ; Short Bowel Syndrome

The anion gap in the serum is useful in the interpretation of acid-base disorders and in the diagnosis of other conditions. In the early 1980s, ion-selective electrodes for specific ionic species were introduced for the measurement of serum electrolytes. This new method has caused a shift of the anion gap from 12+/-4 mEq/L down 6+/-3 mEq/L. It is worthy for clinicians to understand the range of normal anion gap and the measuring methods for serum sodium and chloride in the laboratories that support their practice. While an increase in the anion gap is almost always caused by retained unmeasured anions, a decrease in the anion gap can be generated by multiple mechanisms.
Acid-Base Equilibrium* ; Anions ; Diagnosis ; Electrolytes ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Sodium

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic agent useful in a variety of clinical conditions. This study is based on acid-base and electrolyte changes seen after the intravenous infusion of hypertonic mannitol for the prevention of cerebral edema. The study subjects were divided into 3 groups: for group A, an amount of 300-900 mL 15% mannitol was intravenously infused over the period of 60 to 90 minutes; for group B, 1,200-2,600 mL over 12 to 24 hours; and for group C, 3,200-4,900 mL over more than 24 hours. In group A, blood pH is increased from 7.43+/-0.07 to 7.46+/-0.04, and plasma HCO3- from 25.3+/-2.1 to 28.9+/-2.9 mEq/L, but plasma K+ is decreased from 4.3+/-0.6 to 3.7+/-0.8 mEq/L. In group B, blood pH is increased from 7.42+/-0.02 to 7.47+/-0.06, and plasma HCO3- from 25.2+/-1.8 to 29.1+/-2.9 mEq/L, but plasma K+ is decreased from 4.2+/-0.3 to 3.8+/-0.5 mEq/L. In group C, blood pH is increased from 7.41+/-0.01 to 7.52+/-0.04, and plasma HCO3- from 24.9+/-1.2 to 27.7+/-2.5 mEq/L, but plasma K+ is decreased from 4.2+/-0.1 to 3.9+/-0.2 mEq/L. These results showed that intravenous infusion of mannitol could induce metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia, regardless of its dose. The mannitol induced metabolic alkalosis may be due to increased renal HCO3- production.
Alkalosis* ; Brain Edema ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypokalemia ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Mannitol ; Plasma

No abstract available.
Body Water* ; Kidney*

All urate transport occurs across the renal epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. Most of the filtered urate is reabsorbed in the S1 segment of the early proximal tubule. This is followed by tubular secretion in the S2 segment of the proximal tubule and approximately 50% of the filtered urate flows back into the tubular lumen. Most of the secreted urate undergoes postsecretory reabsorption that occurs predominantly in the last S3 segment of the proximal tubule. Recently, four proteins that transport urate have been identified at the molecular level. These proteins are an electrogenic urate uniporter, urate transporter/channel (UAT), two members of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family, OAT1 and OAT3, and a protein with some homology to OAT4, designated URAT1.
Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Uric Acid*

No abstract available.
Electrocardiography* ; Hyperkalemia*