PURPOSE: The concept of gingival biotype has been used as a predictor of periodontal therapy outcomes since the 1980s. In the present study, prospective and controlled experiments were performed to compare periodontal pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival shrinkage (GSH) after scaling and root planing (SRP) according to gingival biotype. METHODS: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis participated in the present study. The PPD and GSH of the labial side of the maxillary anterior teeth (from the right canine to the left canine) were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. Changes in the PPD following SRP were classified into 4 groups according to the gingival thickness and initial PPD. Two more groups representing normal gingival crevices were added in evaluation of the GSH. The results were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test. RESULTS: In the end, 16 patients participated in the present study. With regard to PPD reduction, there were no significant differences according to gingival biotype (P>0.05). Likewise, sites with a PPD of over 3 mm failed to show any significant differences in the GSH (P>0.05). However, among the sites with a PPD of under 3 mm, those with the thin gingival biotype showed more GSH (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PPD changes after SRP were not affected by gingival biotype with either shallow or deep periodontal pockets. GSH also showed equal outcomes in all the groups without normal gingival crevices. The results of SRP seem not to differ according to gingival biotype.
Chronic Periodontitis ; Dental Scaling ; Humans ; Periodontal Pocket ; Prospective Studies ; Root Planing* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To investigate the healing pattern of the mucous membrane after tooth extraction necessitated by periodontal disease in the maxillary sinus. METHODS: One hundred and three patients with 119 maxillary sinuses were investigated. Before implant placement, cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed. The causes of extraction, the time elapsed since extraction, smoking, periodontal disease in adjacent teeth, and gender were recorded. In addition, the thickness of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus and the height of residual alveolar bone at the extracted area were calculated from CT images. RESULTS: The thickness of the mucous membrane in the periodontal disease group (3.05+/-2.71 mm) was greater than that of the pulp disease group (1.92+/-1.78 mm) and the tooth fracture group (1.35+/-0.55 mm; P<0.05). The causes of extraction, the time elapsed since extraction, and gender had relationships with a thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (P<0.05). In contrast, the height of the residual alveolar bone at the extracted area, periodontal disease in adjacent teeth, and smoking did not show any relation to the thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed distinct differences in healing patterns according to the causes of extraction in the maxillary sinus, especially periodontal disease, which resulted in more severe thickening of the mucous membrane.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mucous Membrane ; Periodontal Diseases ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Fractures

PURPOSE: To investigate the healing pattern of the mucous membrane after tooth extraction necessitated by periodontal disease in the maxillary sinus. METHODS: One hundred and three patients with 119 maxillary sinuses were investigated. Before implant placement, cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed. The causes of extraction, the time elapsed since extraction, smoking, periodontal disease in adjacent teeth, and gender were recorded. In addition, the thickness of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus and the height of residual alveolar bone at the extracted area were calculated from CT images. RESULTS: The thickness of the mucous membrane in the periodontal disease group (3.05+/-2.71 mm) was greater than that of the pulp disease group (1.92+/-1.78 mm) and the tooth fracture group (1.35+/-0.55 mm; P<0.05). The causes of extraction, the time elapsed since extraction, and gender had relationships with a thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (P<0.05). In contrast, the height of the residual alveolar bone at the extracted area, periodontal disease in adjacent teeth, and smoking did not show any relation to the thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed distinct differences in healing patterns according to the causes of extraction in the maxillary sinus, especially periodontal disease, which resulted in more severe thickening of the mucous membrane.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mucous Membrane ; Periodontal Diseases ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Fractures

No abstract available.
Dentists ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the effect of PLGA on bone regeneration compared with bone graft material. METHODS:The experimental study was conducted in 10 rabbits with 2 different healing periods of 2 and 4 weeks. Following surgical exposure of the calvarium, 4 circular bone defects with a diameter of 4.6mm were formed. Rabbits were divided into control group, test groups I, and II. 10 defects assigned to the test group I were grafted with Nu-oss and other 10 defects assigned to the test group II were grafted with PLGA. The rest of the defects were in the negative control group. At 2nd and 4th week after surgery, 10 rabbits were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and then specimens were obtained. Histological analysis was performed following staining with trichorme and transversal sectioning of the calvarial bone. RESULTS: A group which used PLGA showed tissue reactions characterized by severe inflammation, rather than distinctive new bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: The present experimental investigations have failed to prove any beneficial effects of PLGA. PLGA used in this study exhibited foreign body reactions and a less favorable pattern of new bone formation in comparison to control group. CONCLUSION: PLGA did not function as scaffold. Further investigations of many types of micro PLGA that could improve its potential in GBR procedures are needed.
Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Foreign Bodies ; Inflammation ; Lactic Acid ; Osteogenesis ; Perfusion ; Polyglactin 910 ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare the bond regeneratiom effects of treatment using silk fibroin membrane ( Nanogide-S (R)) resorbable barrier with control group treated by polyactic acid / polylacticglycolic acid membrane(Biomesh (R) ) METHODS:44 severe bone loss on extraction socket from 44 patients were used in this study. In experimental group 22 sites of them were treated by silk fibrin membrane as and the other 22 sites were treated by polyactic acid/ polylacticglycolic acid membrane as a control group. Clinical parameters including recovered bone width, length and radiographic parameter of vertical length were evlauated at base line and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: 1) Severe bone width, length was significantlly decreased in two group. 2) Bone width, length was significantlly decreased in two group. 3) Decreased bone width, length and radiographic examination differences between group. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, silk fibrin resorbable membrane has similar bone regeneration ability to polyactic acid / polylacticglycolic acid membrane in guided bone regeneration for severe bone loss defect on extraction socket.
Bone Regeneration ; Fibrin ; Fibroins ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Membranes ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Regeneration ; Silk

PURPOSE: Hearing loss is one of the common birth defects in humans, with a reported prevalence of 1-3 per 1000 newborns. We investigated the incidence of hearing loss and evaluated the use of neonatal hearing screening test in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates who are at greater risk for hearing loss than normal newborns. METHODS: The neonates admitted to the NICU of Asan Medical Center from 1 March, 2003 to 30 March, 2008 who were available for follow-up were included. Those who failed the first auditory brainstem response prior to discharge were retested with the stapedial reflex test, auditory brainstem response and tympanometry in the Otolaryngology department. RESULTS: Of 2,137 neonates, 2,000 (93.5%) neonates were tested prior to discharge. Sixty-seven neonates (3.4%) failed the first newborn hearing screening test. Of 67 infants, 52 infants were retested for a second hearing test. Excluding 10 infants (19.2%) who were lost during follow-up, 16 infants were confirmed to have hearing impairment of which 12 and 4 infants had unilateral and bilateral hearing loss, respectively. Of 16 infants, 5 did not meet the criteria set by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hearing impairment in NICU graduates is about 0.8%, excluding those who were lost for follow up, necessitating a systemic and effective hearing assessment program among these high risk infants and more generous national insurance coverage.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Insurance Coverage ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs ; Otolaryngology ; Prevalence ; Reflex

PURPOSE: The probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria have widely been researched in diverse human pathogens, but only a few effects are reported against oral pathogens. The antimicrobial effects of the Enterococcus faecium 7413 isolated from Korean infants on the 9 pathogen including 6 oral streptococci were investigated the clinical use of the antimicrobial peptide for oral microflora control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: E. faecium 7413 was identified by morphological, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Inhibitory effects of culture supernatants were determined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing pathogenic bacteria. RESULT: The culture supernatant of Enterococcus faecium 7413 showed inhibitory effects on oral pathogens, namely Streptococcus pyogenes KCTC 3556, S. pneumoniae KCTC 5080, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. anginosus ATCC 33397, S. constellatus KCTC 3268, S. intermedius ATCC 27823 and Shigella flexneri KCTC 2008. Whereas it did not affect the multiplication of E. coli strains, KCTC 1041 and ATCC 43894. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study could be useful for future development of effective probiotics allowing prevention for oral pathogens.
Agar ; Bacteria ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecium ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactic Acid ; Pneumonia ; Probiotics ; Sequence Analysis ; Shigella flexneri ; Streptococcus pyogenes

PURPOSE: The treatment of gingival recessions is needed to reduce root sensitivity and improve esthetical satisfaction. Several surgical techniques have been proposed to achieve these goals. The use of connective tissue grafts has made esthetic root coverage a predictable procedure. Numerous clinical studies have represented that using connective tissue grafts to cover exposed root surface showed high success rates. This is a case report which demonstrates the technique to obtain root coverage of a buccal recession defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 35-year-old patient with a high level of oral hygiene was selected for the study. This patient had one Class I Miller recession defect in the mandible. A coronally advanced flap in combination with the connective tissue graft was chosen for the treatment. After surgery, the patient was told to visit the hospital once a week for his oral management and professional prophylaxis. The depth of initial recession was 4.0 mm. RESULT: After three months, it reduced to 0.0 mm, and the average recession reduction was 4.0 mm. The average root coverage was 100%. CONCLUSION: The connective tissue graft is both effective and predictable way to produce root coverage in increasing the width of CAL and KT of various adjacent gingival recessions.
Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Mandible ; Oral Hygiene ; Transplants

This study was attempted to evaluate home-manufactured implants by placing Stage-1(R) Implant (Lifecore. Co., USA) whose surface is treated with RBM that has already been varified clinically, Chaorum(R) Implant(Chaorum Co., Korea) whose surface treatment is same as that of Stage-1 Implant and Atlas(R) Implant(Cewellmedi Co., Korea) whose surface is treated with anodic oxidation immediately after the teeth of experimental animals were extracted to compare histological findings among them. Stage-1 Implant(diameter: 3.5mm, length: 10mm), Chaorum Implant(diameter: 3.3mm, length: 8.5mm) and Cowell medi Implant(diameter: 4.0mm, length: 8.0mm) were placed into the mandible premolars of 2 adult beagle dogs immediately after their teeth were extracted, and then histological findings were analyzed at 6 weeks. After those implants were inserted directly after their teeth were extracted, the results of periotest were recorded, radiography was done, the subjects went through thorough control for 6 weeks, and then comparison among periotest, radiography and histological finding was made. After comparison of those findings, the values of periotest were satisfactory and bone healing was relatively satisfactory on radiography at 6 weeks. For osseointegration with the bone tissue, Stage-1 was 45.3%, Chaorum 55.3%, and Cowellmedi 52.5%, which was a satisfactory result. Although implant surgery immediately after teeth were extracted involves difficulties among recent implant surgeries, it is being frequently used in that it may reduce surgery hours, the frequency of surgery, and bone loss for patients. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the technological levels of home-manufactured implants that have been remarkably developed in recent years and in conclusion, those implants showed nearly similar result.
Adult ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Bone and Bones ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Mandible ; Osseointegration* ; Radiography ; Tooth