Purpose: This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based radiomics model to predict high-risk pathologic features for lung adenocarcinoma: micropapillary and solid pattern (MPsol), spread through air space, and poorly differentiated patterns. Materials and Methods: As a prospective study, we screened clinical N0 lung cancer patients who were surgical candidates and had undergone both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT from August 2018 to January 2020. We recruited patients meeting our proposed imaging criteria indicating high-risk, that is, poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, using CT and FDG PET/CT. If possible, these patients underwent an MRI examination from which we extracted 77 radiomics features from T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted images. Additionally, patient demographics, maximum standardized uptake value on FDG PET/CT, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted image, were considered together to build prediction models for high-risk pathologic features. Results: Among 616 patients, 72 patients met the imaging criteria for high-risk lung cancer and underwent lung MRI. The magnetic resonance (MR)–eligible group showed a higher prevalence of nodal upstaging (29.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (6.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.011), high-grade pathologic features (p < 0.001), worse 4-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001) compared with non-MR-eligible group. The prediction power for MR-based radiomics model predicting high-risk pathologic features was good, with mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) value measuring 0.751-0.886 in test sets. Adding clinical variables increased the predictive performance for MPsol and the poorly differentiated pattern using the 2021 grading system (AUC, 0.860 and 0.907, respectively). Conclusion Our imaging criteria can effectively screen high-risk lung cancer patients and predict high-risk pathologic features by our MR-based prediction model using radiomics.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based radiomics model to predict high-risk pathologic features for lung adenocarcinoma: micropapillary and solid pattern (MPsol), spread through air space, and poorly differentiated patterns. Materials and Methods: As a prospective study, we screened clinical N0 lung cancer patients who were surgical candidates and had undergone both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT from August 2018 to January 2020. We recruited patients meeting our proposed imaging criteria indicating high-risk, that is, poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, using CT and FDG PET/CT. If possible, these patients underwent an MRI examination from which we extracted 77 radiomics features from T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted images. Additionally, patient demographics, maximum standardized uptake value on FDG PET/CT, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted image, were considered together to build prediction models for high-risk pathologic features. Results: Among 616 patients, 72 patients met the imaging criteria for high-risk lung cancer and underwent lung MRI. The magnetic resonance (MR)–eligible group showed a higher prevalence of nodal upstaging (29.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (6.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.011), high-grade pathologic features (p < 0.001), worse 4-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001) compared with non-MR-eligible group. The prediction power for MR-based radiomics model predicting high-risk pathologic features was good, with mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) value measuring 0.751-0.886 in test sets. Adding clinical variables increased the predictive performance for MPsol and the poorly differentiated pattern using the 2021 grading system (AUC, 0.860 and 0.907, respectively). Conclusion Our imaging criteria can effectively screen high-risk lung cancer patients and predict high-risk pathologic features by our MR-based prediction model using radiomics.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based radiomics model to predict high-risk pathologic features for lung adenocarcinoma: micropapillary and solid pattern (MPsol), spread through air space, and poorly differentiated patterns. Materials and Methods: As a prospective study, we screened clinical N0 lung cancer patients who were surgical candidates and had undergone both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT from August 2018 to January 2020. We recruited patients meeting our proposed imaging criteria indicating high-risk, that is, poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, using CT and FDG PET/CT. If possible, these patients underwent an MRI examination from which we extracted 77 radiomics features from T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted images. Additionally, patient demographics, maximum standardized uptake value on FDG PET/CT, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted image, were considered together to build prediction models for high-risk pathologic features. Results: Among 616 patients, 72 patients met the imaging criteria for high-risk lung cancer and underwent lung MRI. The magnetic resonance (MR)–eligible group showed a higher prevalence of nodal upstaging (29.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (6.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.011), high-grade pathologic features (p < 0.001), worse 4-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001) compared with non-MR-eligible group. The prediction power for MR-based radiomics model predicting high-risk pathologic features was good, with mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) value measuring 0.751-0.886 in test sets. Adding clinical variables increased the predictive performance for MPsol and the poorly differentiated pattern using the 2021 grading system (AUC, 0.860 and 0.907, respectively). Conclusion Our imaging criteria can effectively screen high-risk lung cancer patients and predict high-risk pathologic features by our MR-based prediction model using radiomics.

Objective Analyzing risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after cardiac surgery of Infective Endocarditis(IE)provides a basis for preventing extended ICU durations in postoperative IE cases.Methods From January 1,2019,to March 31,2021,a total of 223 patients with infective endocarditis who underwent cardiac surgery in the cardiac surgery department of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were included.Patients were divided into non-prolonged group(<3 days)and prolonged group(≥3 days)based on postoperative ICU stay duration.There were 156 cases in the non-prolonged group and 67 cases in the prolonged group.Single-factor analysis of risk factors for prolonged ICU stay was conducted using t-tests or rank-sum tests.Variables with P<0.05 in the single-factor analysis were further subjected to binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis.The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the ROC curve.Results Among the 223 patients,67 experienced prolonged ICU stay,with an incidence rate of 30%.Single-factor analysis results included gender,age,history of coronary heart disease,history of stroke,preoperative heart failure,aortic valve regurgitation area,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)<60%,extracorporeal circulation time,aortic cross-clamp time,use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump(IABP),endotracheal tube reintubation,pulmonary infection,use of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy(CRRT),and prolonged mechanical ventilation time(>24 hours),among others.Multivariate analysis results revealed that preoperative LVEF<60%(OR=3.004,P=0.041),postopera-tive use of IABP(OR=31.686,P=0.008),and mechanical ventilation time>24 hours(OR=8.135,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after cardiac surgery.The model's AUC value for predicting risk factors for prolonged ICU stay was 0.858(95%CI:0.806～0.901,P<0.001).Conclusion Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)<60%,the use of IABP,and mechanical ventilation time>24 hours were identified as independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after infective endocarditis(IE)surgery.In clinical practice,it is important to comprehensively address and manage various risk factors with the aim of reducing ICU stay duration and improving the overall success rate of the surgery.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and ocular surface conditions in patients before cataract surgery at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Methods: This retrospective study included 96 eyes of 96 patients scheduled for cataract surgery from March to June 2023. The primary metrics of DED, including the Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) score, tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear secretion (Schirmer test), and ocular staining score (OSS, Oxford grading), were investigated. The proportion of patients with DED was determined according to the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) and revised Korean DED guidelines. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65.9 ± 8.3 years, with a mean SANDE score of 55.6 ± 30.5. The mean TBUT, OSS, and tear secretion were 3.5 ± 1.2 seconds, 1.3 ± 0.8 points, and 7.0 ± 5.4 mm, respectively. Among the patients, 85.4% exhibited a SANDE score of 20 or higher, 99% had a TBUT of < 7 seconds, and 88.4% exhibited one or more points on the OSS. According to the ADES and revised South Korean guidelines, 79.2% and 86.5% of patients were diagnosed with DED, respectively. Furthermore, all 96 patients exhibited at least one abnormal dry eye sign, regardless of symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of DED in patients before cataract surgery was > 80%, with all patients exhibiting at least one ocular surface abnormality. Therefore, identifying and managing ocular surface abnormalities before cataract surgery is imperative.

Background: Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), a common complication of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (BW) infants, is associated with significant morbidity and poor neurological outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the current status of PHH and analyze the risk factors associated with the necessity of treatment for PHH in infants born between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation, specifically those with severe IVH (grade 3 or 4). Methods: The analysis was conducted on 1,097 infants who were born between 22–28 gestational weeks and diagnosed with severe IVH, using data from the Korean Neonatal Network. We observed that the prevalence of PHH requiring treatment was 46.3% in infants with severe IVH. Results: Higher rates of mortality, transfer during admission, cerebral palsy, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt after discharge were higher in infants with PHH than in those without PHH. PHH in severe IVH was associated with a higher rate of pulmonary hemorrhage, seizures, and IVH grade 4 in the entire cohort. In addition, it was associated with a lower rate of small for gestational age and chorioamnionitis. In the subgroup analysis, high BW, outborn status, pulmonary hemorrhage, seizure, sepsis, and IVH grade 4 were associated with a higher incidence of PHH between 22 and 25 gestational weeks (GW). In infants born between 26 and 28 GW, a higher incidence of PHH was associated with seizures and IVH grade 4. Conclusion It is necessary to maintain meticulous monitoring and neurological intervention for infants with PHH not only during admission but also after discharge. In addition, identifying the clinical factors that increase the likelihood of developing PHH from severe IVH is crucial.

Background: The Korea Expert Committee on Immunization Practices (KECIP) is a key advisory body the government to develop guidelines and provide technical advisory activities on immunization policies in Korea. A recent policy study, inspired by global best practices, aims to enhance KECIP's functionality for providing timely and transparent recommendations in the face of evolving vaccine science and emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19. Methods: This study reviewed the current status of KECIP and collected expert opinions through surveys and consultations. Among the 40 panel members who were surveyed, 19 responded to a questionnaire specifically designed to assess the potential areas of improvement within KECIP. Results: The majority of respondents favored maintaining the current member count and emphasized the need for a subcommittee. Opinions varied on issues such as the length of KECIP’s term, the representation of vaccine manufacturers’ perspectives, and the chairperson’s role. However, there was a consensus on the importance of expertise, transparency, and fair proceedings within the committee. Conclusion This study underscores the pivotal role of KECIP in shaping national immunization policies, emphasizing the necessity for informed guidance amidst evolving vaccine science and emerging infectious diseases. Furthermore, it stressed the importance of enhancing KECIP’s capacity to effectively address evolving public health challenges and maintain successful immunization programs in South Korea.

A 4-month-old intact male Sapsaree dog was referred due to a history of postprandial regurgitation following consumption of solid food. Thoracic radiography revealed focal leftward displacement of the thoracic trachea at T1 to T4 vertebrae levels. Barium contrast radiography revealed focal dilation of the cranial thoracic esophagus at the heart base level. Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) with an aberrant left subclavian artery branching from the patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Although barium contrast radiography can presumptive diagnose PRAA, CTA should be considered for identifying additional vascular anomalies, specific types, and surgical planning.

Objective: : This study aims to investigate the incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and demographic characteristics in Korea using population-based National Health Insurance Service data. Methods: : This study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2005 to 2020, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version, Clinical Modification codes D333 and D431. Only those patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic tests were considered definitive cases. Demographic variables included age, sex, treatment modality, hypertension, diabetics, dyslipidemia, smoking history, alcohol history, and income status. Results: : The total number of VS patients was 5751. The average incidence rate was 0.71 per 100000 from 2005 to 2020, and the annual incidence rate increased from 0.33 in 2005 to 1.32 in 2019 but decreased to 0.80 in 2020. Incidence was highest in those aged 60–69 years (1.791) and lowest in those younger than 20 years (0.041). Incidence was higher in females, and the number of patients who received radiosurgery (46.64%) was largest compared to the wait and scan group (37.96%), microsurgery group (12.85%), or the group who received both (2.56%). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS. Conclusion : The incidence of VS exhibited an increasing trend from 2005 to 2019. Radiosurgery (46.64%) was the most common treatment modality. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS.

A 12-year-old intact male Dalmatian dog presented hyporexia and vomiting for 1 week. Blood analysis revealed increased liver enzyme activity. Histopathological examination of the liver confirmed chronic hepatitis with fibrosis and necrosis. Copper staining revealed marked copper accumulation (2,770 ppm; normal range, 200 to 400 ppm), prominent in the centrilobular region, and compatible with copper-associated chronic hepatitis. However, copper metabolism domain containing 1 (COMMD1) mutation predisposing to copper accumulation in the liver tissue was not identified. The dog received medications but died 1 month after first visit. This is the first case of primary copper-associated hepatitis without COMMD1 mutation in a Dalmatian dog in South Korea.