Purpose: Proper use of antibiotics during emergency abdominal surgery is essential in reducing the incidence of surgical site infection. However, no studies have investigated the type of antibiotics and duration of therapy in individuals with abdominal trauma in Korea. We aimed to investigate the status of initial antibiotic therapy in patients with solitary abdominal trauma. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2015, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with solitary abdominal trauma from 17 institutions including regional trauma centers in South Korea. Both blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries were included. Time from arrival to initial antibiotic therapy, rate of antibiotic use upon injury mechanism, injured organ, type, and duration of antibiotic use, and postoperative infection were investigated. Results: Data of the 311 patients were collected. The use of antibiotic was initiated in 96.4% of patients with penetrating injury and 79.7% with blunt injury. Initial antibiotics therapy was provided to 78.2% of patients with solid organ injury and 97.5% with hollow viscus injury. The mean day of using antibiotics was 6 days in solid organ injuries, 6.2 days in hollow viscus. Infection within 2 weeks of admission occurred in 36 cases. Infection was related to injury severity (Abbreviated Injury Scale of >3), hollow viscus injury, operation, open abdomen, colon perforation, and RBC transfusion. There was no infection in cases with laparoscopic operation. Duration of antibiotics did not affect the infection rate. Conclusion Antibiotics are used extensively (84.2%) and for long duration (6.2 days) in patients with abdominal injury in Korea.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a positive correlation between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and whether GGT can be used as an easily checkable metabolic index using data from the large-scale Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).METHODS: We obtained data of 211,725 participants of the KoGES. The collected data included age, sex, height, weight, waist circumference, and various biochemical characteristics, including serum GGT levels. The data of study participants who ingested more than 40 g/day of alcohol and who were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome at baseline was excluded. We analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to GGT quartiles in both genders.RESULTS: The GGT level was significantly higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to normal subjects (37.92±48.20 mg/dL vs. 25.62±33.56 mg/dL). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome showed a stepwise increase with GGT quartiles in both male and female subjects. Compared to the lowest GGT quartile, the odds ratio was 1.534 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.432 to 1.643), 1.939 (95% CI, 1.811 to 2.076), and 2.754 (95% CI, 2.572 to 2.948) in men and 1.155 (95% CI, 1.094 to 1.218), 1.528 (95% CI, 1.451 to 1.609), and 2.022 (95% CI, 1.921 to 2.218) in women with increasing GGT quartile. The cutoff value of GGT predicting risk of metabolic syndrome was 27 IU/L in men and 17 IU/L in women.CONCLUSION: We suggested that GGT could be an easily checkable marker for the prediction of metabolic syndrome.
Epidemiology ; Female ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Intermittent Claudication ; Popliteal Artery

Gitelman syndrome is a condition caused by a mutation of the thiazide sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene on the distal convoluted tubule. It results in a variety of clinical features, including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. It is often diagnosed in asymptomatic adults presented with unexplained hypokalemia; however, it is sometimes associated with muscular cramps, numbness, fatigue, weakness, or paralysis. We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by Gitelman syndrome, presented with hand tremor. We diagnosed her using renal clearance study and genetic analysis. Here, we report our experiences regarding this case along with a literature review.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Fatigue ; Furosemide ; Genetic Testing ; Gitelman Syndrome* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Hypokalemia ; Muscle Cramp ; Paralysis ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3 ; Thiazides ; Tremor

No abstract available.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Proctitis*

No abstract available.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Proctitis*

Gitelman syndrome is a condition caused by a mutation of the thiazide sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene on the distal convoluted tubule. It results in a variety of clinical features, including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. It is often diagnosed in asymptomatic adults presented with unexplained hypokalemia; however, it is sometimes associated with muscular cramps, numbness, fatigue, weakness, or paralysis. We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by Gitelman syndrome, presented with hand tremor. We diagnosed her using renal clearance study and genetic analysis. Here, we report our experiences regarding this case along with a literature review.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fatigue ; Furosemide ; Genetic Testing ; Gitelman Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Hypokalemia ; Muscle Cramp ; Paralysis ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3 ; Thiazides ; Tremor

PURPOSE: Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer development by leading to abnormal proliferation of cells, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although several miRNAs that are related to gastric cancer have been identified, the reported results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine miRNA expression profiles and validate miRNAs up- and down-regulated in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 34 primary gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent nontumorous gastric tissues. Total RNA was extracted, and low-molecular-weight RNAs (<200 nucleotides) were isolated for further analysis. Two pairs of tissues were processed for GeneChip microarray analysis, and the identified up- and down-regulated miRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: In the set of differentially expressed miRNAs, 5 were overexpressed by more than 2 fold, and 5 were reduced by 2 fold or less in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal gastric tissues. Four of these miRNAs (miR-196b-5p, miR-375, miR-483-5p, and miR-486-5p) were then validated by qPCR, and the relative expression levels of 2 miRNAs (miR-196b-5p and miR-375) were significantly different between cancer and normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that the expression of miR-196b-5p and miR-375 significantly correlates with gastric cancer. These miRNAs could therefore serve as diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.
Apoptosis ; Biomarkers ; Microarray Analysis ; MicroRNAs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Serotonin syndrome, an adverse drug reaction, is a consequence of excess serotonergic agonism of central nervous system receptors and peripheral serotonergic receptors. Serotonin syndrome has been associated with large numbers of drugs and drug combinations, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor-induced serotonin syndrome is rare. It is often described as a sign of excess serotonin ranging from tremor in mild cases to delirium, neuromuscular rigidity, and hyperthermia in life-threatening cases. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and patient's history, and several diagnostic criteria have been developed. We experienced a rare case of fibromyalgia accompanied by tremor, hyperreflexia, spontaneous clonus, muscle rigidity, and diaphoresis after 10 days of single use of duloxetine 30 mg. Only one case of serotonin syndrome resulting from administration of duloxetine has been reported in Korea, however that case resulted from co-administration of fluoxetine. We report here on this case along with a review of the relevant literature.
Central Nervous System ; Delirium ; Diagnosis ; Drug Combinations ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Duloxetine Hydrochloride* ; Felodipine ; Fever ; Fibromyalgia* ; Fluoxetine ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscle Rigidity ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Serotonin Syndrome* ; Serotonin* ; Tremor