Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the Perinatal Infant Care Social Support (PICSS) instrument into Chinese and to verify the reliability and validity of the translated version. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PICSS (C-PICSS). A cohort of 150 first-time mothers in China participated, attending hospital follow-up care at 6 weeks postpartum. Data were collected after obtaining informed consent from the mothers. Results: The majority of mothers were aged between 20 and 29 years, with a mean age of 26.25 (±3.90) years. An item analysis of the 19 items in the C-PICSS showed that all items had an item-total score correlation above 0.2. This resulted in a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.92 and a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2=1,778.65, p<.001), confirming the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Correlation analyses revealed a strong positive relationship between infant care social support and general social support (r=.62, p<.001), and a negative relationship between infant care social support and postpartum depression (r=–. 38, p<.001). Higher scores for infant care social support were associated with reporting positive relationships with their husbands (t=3.72, p<.001) and high levels of spousal involvement (t=4.09, p<.001). In terms of structural support, spouses were identified as the primary source. Conclusion The research results indicate that C-PICSS is reliable and valid as an indicator of social support for infant care among Chinese mothers.