Background: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematolymphoid neoplasms (FCIHLN) is essential for diagnosis, classification, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. FCI-HLN is typically performed using in-house protocols, raising the need for standardization. Therefore, we surveyed the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea to obtain fundamental data for quality improvement and standardization. Methods: Eight university hospitals actively conducting FCI-HLN participated in our survey.We analyzed responses to a questionnaire that included inquiries regarding test items, reagent antibodies (RAs), fluorophores, sample amounts (SAs), reagent antibody amounts (RAAs), acquisition cell number (ACN), isotype control (IC) usage, positiveegative criteria, and reporting. Results: Most hospitals used acute HLN, chronic HLN, plasma cell neoplasm (PCN), and MRD panels. The numbers of RAs were heterogeneous, with a maximum of 32, 26, 12, 14, and 10 antibodies used for acute HLN, chronic HLN, PCN, ALL-MRD, and multiple myeloma-MRD, respectively. The number of fluorophores ranged from 4 to 10. RAs, SAs, RAAs, and ACN were diverse. Most hospitals used a positive criterion of 20%, whereas one used 10% for acute and chronic HLN panels. Five hospitals used ICs for the negative criterion. Positiveegative assignments, percentages, and general opinions were commonly reported. In MRD reporting, the limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were included. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study on the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea, confirming the high heterogeneity and complexity of FCI-HLN practices. Standardization of FCI-HLN is urgently needed. The findings provide a reference for establishing standard FCI-HLN guidelines.

Objective: Neuroinflammation’s role is increasingly emphasized in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its close association with the risk of suicide is being reported. The Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) gene is known to play a role in regulating mood and emotion and is associated with susceptibility to suicidality in relation to environmental stress. This research aims to explore the relationship between FoxO1 and the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD. Methods: We enrolled 127 healthy controls (HC) and 231 patients diagnosed with MDD, including 119 individuals with high suicide risk (HSR). All participants underwent the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were evaluated. Results: In the HSR group, cortical thinning was observed in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse frontopolar gyrus compared to HC. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in the left posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, and uncinate fasciculus. Although no differences were observed based on allele variations for the two FoxO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), those with the minor allele of FoxO1 rs34733279, especially in the HSR group, displayed increased cortical thinning and reduced FA values in the left cingulum. Conclusion Our study reveals close association between the minor allele of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 and suicide risk in the left cingulum highlights the potential key role of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 in the context of suicidal vulnerability. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Objective: Neuroinflammation’s role is increasingly emphasized in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its close association with the risk of suicide is being reported. The Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) gene is known to play a role in regulating mood and emotion and is associated with susceptibility to suicidality in relation to environmental stress. This research aims to explore the relationship between FoxO1 and the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD. Methods: We enrolled 127 healthy controls (HC) and 231 patients diagnosed with MDD, including 119 individuals with high suicide risk (HSR). All participants underwent the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were evaluated. Results: In the HSR group, cortical thinning was observed in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse frontopolar gyrus compared to HC. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in the left posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, and uncinate fasciculus. Although no differences were observed based on allele variations for the two FoxO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), those with the minor allele of FoxO1 rs34733279, especially in the HSR group, displayed increased cortical thinning and reduced FA values in the left cingulum. Conclusion Our study reveals close association between the minor allele of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 and suicide risk in the left cingulum highlights the potential key role of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 in the context of suicidal vulnerability. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Objective: Neuroinflammation’s role is increasingly emphasized in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its close association with the risk of suicide is being reported. The Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) gene is known to play a role in regulating mood and emotion and is associated with susceptibility to suicidality in relation to environmental stress. This research aims to explore the relationship between FoxO1 and the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD. Methods: We enrolled 127 healthy controls (HC) and 231 patients diagnosed with MDD, including 119 individuals with high suicide risk (HSR). All participants underwent the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were evaluated. Results: In the HSR group, cortical thinning was observed in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse frontopolar gyrus compared to HC. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in the left posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, and uncinate fasciculus. Although no differences were observed based on allele variations for the two FoxO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), those with the minor allele of FoxO1 rs34733279, especially in the HSR group, displayed increased cortical thinning and reduced FA values in the left cingulum. Conclusion Our study reveals close association between the minor allele of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 and suicide risk in the left cingulum highlights the potential key role of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 in the context of suicidal vulnerability. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Purpose: This study is evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of Hook plate fixation in acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries and the differences according to the type of plate and whether coracoclavicular (CC) ligament repair had been performed. Materials and Methods: Between February 2008 and November 2022, 112 patients treated with a Hook plate for acute AC joint injuries were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were categorized into DePuy Synthes (n=76) and ARIX Hook plate group (n=36), Hook plate with CC ligament repair group (n=42) and Hook plate fixation only group (n=70). The clinical and radiologic outcomes of Hook plate fixation were evaluated by analyzing the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, coracoclavicular distance (CCD), subacromial erosion and associated surgical complications depending on the different types of Hook plate (DePuy Synthes vs. ARIX clavicle system) and the application of additional CC ligament repair. Results: The median follow-up period after implant removal for the 112 patients was 7.4 months (range, 6.0–124.8 months). The ASES and UCLA scores at the final follow-up were 77.2±6.2 and 31.8±2.3, respectively, and the CCD was 115.5%±28.9% compared to the unaffected side.There were no significant differences in the final VAS score, ASES score, UCLA score, CCD, subacromial erosion and surgical complications between the DePuy Synthes and ARIX Hook plate groups. In addition, there was no difference depending on whether CC ligament repair had been performed. Conclusion Hook plate fixation in acute AC joint injuries showed good clinical and radiological results. It is considered a good surgical method, and there was no difference in the results depending on plate type and CC ligament repair.

Purpose: This study is evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of Hook plate fixation in acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries and the differences according to the type of plate and whether coracoclavicular (CC) ligament repair had been performed. Materials and Methods: Between February 2008 and November 2022, 112 patients treated with a Hook plate for acute AC joint injuries were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were categorized into DePuy Synthes (n=76) and ARIX Hook plate group (n=36), Hook plate with CC ligament repair group (n=42) and Hook plate fixation only group (n=70). The clinical and radiologic outcomes of Hook plate fixation were evaluated by analyzing the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, coracoclavicular distance (CCD), subacromial erosion and associated surgical complications depending on the different types of Hook plate (DePuy Synthes vs. ARIX clavicle system) and the application of additional CC ligament repair. Results: The median follow-up period after implant removal for the 112 patients was 7.4 months (range, 6.0–124.8 months). The ASES and UCLA scores at the final follow-up were 77.2±6.2 and 31.8±2.3, respectively, and the CCD was 115.5%±28.9% compared to the unaffected side.There were no significant differences in the final VAS score, ASES score, UCLA score, CCD, subacromial erosion and surgical complications between the DePuy Synthes and ARIX Hook plate groups. In addition, there was no difference depending on whether CC ligament repair had been performed. Conclusion Hook plate fixation in acute AC joint injuries showed good clinical and radiological results. It is considered a good surgical method, and there was no difference in the results depending on plate type and CC ligament repair.

Objective: Neuroinflammation’s role is increasingly emphasized in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its close association with the risk of suicide is being reported. The Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) gene is known to play a role in regulating mood and emotion and is associated with susceptibility to suicidality in relation to environmental stress. This research aims to explore the relationship between FoxO1 and the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD. Methods: We enrolled 127 healthy controls (HC) and 231 patients diagnosed with MDD, including 119 individuals with high suicide risk (HSR). All participants underwent the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were evaluated. Results: In the HSR group, cortical thinning was observed in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse frontopolar gyrus compared to HC. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in the left posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, and uncinate fasciculus. Although no differences were observed based on allele variations for the two FoxO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), those with the minor allele of FoxO1 rs34733279, especially in the HSR group, displayed increased cortical thinning and reduced FA values in the left cingulum. Conclusion Our study reveals close association between the minor allele of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 and suicide risk in the left cingulum highlights the potential key role of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 in the context of suicidal vulnerability. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Purpose: This study is evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of Hook plate fixation in acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries and the differences according to the type of plate and whether coracoclavicular (CC) ligament repair had been performed. Materials and Methods: Between February 2008 and November 2022, 112 patients treated with a Hook plate for acute AC joint injuries were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were categorized into DePuy Synthes (n=76) and ARIX Hook plate group (n=36), Hook plate with CC ligament repair group (n=42) and Hook plate fixation only group (n=70). The clinical and radiologic outcomes of Hook plate fixation were evaluated by analyzing the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, coracoclavicular distance (CCD), subacromial erosion and associated surgical complications depending on the different types of Hook plate (DePuy Synthes vs. ARIX clavicle system) and the application of additional CC ligament repair. Results: The median follow-up period after implant removal for the 112 patients was 7.4 months (range, 6.0–124.8 months). The ASES and UCLA scores at the final follow-up were 77.2±6.2 and 31.8±2.3, respectively, and the CCD was 115.5%±28.9% compared to the unaffected side.There were no significant differences in the final VAS score, ASES score, UCLA score, CCD, subacromial erosion and surgical complications between the DePuy Synthes and ARIX Hook plate groups. In addition, there was no difference depending on whether CC ligament repair had been performed. Conclusion Hook plate fixation in acute AC joint injuries showed good clinical and radiological results. It is considered a good surgical method, and there was no difference in the results depending on plate type and CC ligament repair.

Objective: Neuroinflammation’s role is increasingly emphasized in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its close association with the risk of suicide is being reported. The Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) gene is known to play a role in regulating mood and emotion and is associated with susceptibility to suicidality in relation to environmental stress. This research aims to explore the relationship between FoxO1 and the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD. Methods: We enrolled 127 healthy controls (HC) and 231 patients diagnosed with MDD, including 119 individuals with high suicide risk (HSR). All participants underwent the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were evaluated. Results: In the HSR group, cortical thinning was observed in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse frontopolar gyrus compared to HC. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in the left posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, and uncinate fasciculus. Although no differences were observed based on allele variations for the two FoxO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), those with the minor allele of FoxO1 rs34733279, especially in the HSR group, displayed increased cortical thinning and reduced FA values in the left cingulum. Conclusion Our study reveals close association between the minor allele of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 and suicide risk in the left cingulum highlights the potential key role of the FoxO1 gene rs34733279 in the context of suicidal vulnerability. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases has been regularly developing guidelines for adult immunization since 2007. In 2023, the guidelines for the following seven vaccines were revised: influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap), human papillomavirus (HPV), meningococcal, and rabies vaccines. For the influenza vaccine, a recommendation for enhanced vaccines for the elderly was added. For the herpes zoster vaccine, a recommendation for the recombinant zoster vaccine was added. For the pneumococcal vaccine, the current status of the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent PCV was described. For the Tdap vaccine, the possibility of using Tdap instead of tetanus-diphtheria vaccine was described. For the HPV vaccine, the expansion of the eligible age for vaccination was described. For the meningococcal vaccine, a recommendation for the meningococcal B vaccine was added. For the rabies vaccine, the number of pre-exposure prophylaxis doses was changed. This manuscript documents the summary and rationale of the revisions for the seven vaccines. For the vaccines not mentioned in this manuscript, the recommendations in the 3rd edition of the Vaccinations for Adults textbook shall remain in effect.