Objective To explore the improvement of cognitive impairment in patients with mild and moderate vascular cognitive impairment( VCI) treated with cerebralcare granule ( CG) and basic treat-ment.Methods From October in 2014 to December in 2016 year,143 cases of VCI patients were admitted from six hospitals in some areas of Hebei Province as the research objects,and divided into CG treatment group (experimental group,n=98) and conventional treatment group (control group,n=66).Three months and six months after treatment,the score of mental state examination ( MMSE) ,the Montreal cognitive assess-ment scale ( MoCA) and the daily living capacity scale( ADL) of the two groups were compared after 3 and 6 moths of treatment.Results ①The total score of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group for six months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( ( 23. 76 ± 4.02) vs (21.52±5.13),P<0.05).②Six months after treatment,the total score of MoCA ((21.06±4.66) vs (18.32±5.20)) and visual spatial/executive function((3.05±1.37) vs (2.42±1.66)),calculation force ((2.24±0.84) vs (1.83±1.05)) and orientation ability((5.20±1.12) vs (4.06±1.35)) scores in the ex-perimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) .③Six months after treat-ment,the ADL score in the experimental group was lower than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant((24.96±8.74) vs (29.20±11.55),P<0.05);while there was no significant difference in the ADL score between the experimental group and the control group after 6 months (P>0.05).Conclusion CG can improve cognitive function in mild to moderate VCI patients,mainly in visual space/execution func-tion,calculation ability and orientation ability,and with the extension of treatment time,the curative effect is more obvious.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all patients with lung cancer, the majority of patients with lung cancer at the time of diagnosis is in the advanced stage. The development of target therapy based on has changed the mode of treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. In NSCLC, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFR) fusion with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) has been shown to be a powerful biomarker. It is well known that KRAS is also NSCLC one of the most common mutations in oncogenes, although more than 20 years ago KRAS mutation was found in NSCLC. At present, although there are many drugs used to treat NSCLC patients with KRAS mutation, there is no selective or specific inhibitor for the direct elimination of KRAS activity. NSCLC patients with KRAS mutation have poor responsiveness to most systemic therapy. However, individualized therapy for activated signaling pathways with targeted drugs has a good effect on the prognosis of NSCLC patients with KRAS mutation. In addition, the prognostic and predictive role of KRAS mutation in NSCLC remains unclear. In this review, we focus on the research progress of NSCLC with KRAS mutation, including molecular biology, clinicopathological features, prognosis and prediction of KRAS mutation, which will help to improve the understanding of NSCLC in KRAS mutation.
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Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; genetics

In recent years, a number of studies have focused on malignant tumor patients with coagulant function abnormality, which causes thrombus complications, tumor growth, infiltration of closely related cells, transfer, and so on. These factors directly affect prog-nosis. Heparin is a widely known anticoagulant, and anticoagulation drugs have been included in malignant tumor treatment guide-lines. Ameaican Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) recommend low-molecular-weight heparin as the first choice for the treatment of cancer thrombosis. However, the prophylactic use of anticoagulant drugs in patients with tumor control disease, as well as the prolonged PFS and OS mechanism, is still unclear. The recently publishedReport of incidence and mortality in China(2012) suggests that lung cancer incidence and mortality ranked first place. This review will introduce several aspects of anticoagulant drugs that can be used to control the recurrence of malig-nant tumor metastasis and prolong the survival mechanism of pathophysiology.

Since the development of molecular biology,the treatment of advanced non-small cell cancer is shifting from traditional chemotherapy into molecular targeted therapy with genotyping as a guide′s help.The most widely used is epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs).With the appli-cation of EGFR-TKIs,the resistances to EGFR inhibitors are paid more and more attention,in recent years. The main mechanisms of acquired resistances are as follows:secondary mutation of the EGFR gene,amplifica-tion of c-MET,Her2 and other target genes,histological transformation,activation of the bypass mechanisms, loss of p53,the relief of negative feedback loops,overlap of mechanisms,etc.

Objective To analyze the correlative factors of anemia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the impact of anemia on prognosis.Methods The clinical data of 473 patients with NSCLC treated at the first time from January 2008 to November 2012 in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 273 patients (57.72 ％) with anemia.Anemia occurred in different age (x2 =3.459, P =3.459), different albumin level (x2 =70.648, P =70.648), different PS score (x2 =10.222, P =10.222), whether recent surgery (x2 =4.956, P =4.956), whether recent chemotherapy (x2 =3.627, P =0.037), and other factors.By multiple factors analysis, hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for anemia (P ＜ 0.05).The median OS of the anemia patients was shorter than that of the patients without anemia (15 months vs 17 months, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia is the independent risk factor for emergence of anemia.Anemia is the prognosis indicator of shorten survival period, which is an independent factor of prognosis in the NSCLC.

Background and objective hTe activation of coagulation and ifbrinolysis is frequently encountered among cancer patients. Such tumors are associated with high risk of invasion, metastases, and negative ifnal outcomes. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80%to 85%of all lung malignancies. hTis study aims to investigate the prognostic value of blood coagulation tests for NSCLC and provide a reference to patients on the prevention and treatment of thrombophilia. Methods Data were collected from 604 cases of hospitalized patients with histologically conifrmed NSCLC from January 2009 to December 2012 at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Data included the related indexes of coagulation function in patients before treatment [(i.e., prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin time activity (PTA), interna-tional normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ifbrinogen (Fib), D-dimer, and platelet count)], as well as sex, age, pathological type, TNM stage, and lymph node status. Fitfy control subjects without cancer were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 13.0 sotfware. Results hTe plasma level of all coagulation tests including D-dimer, Fib, PT, APTT, INR, and platelet counts revealed statistically signiifcant differences between the patient and control group (P<0.001 for all variables;P=0.001,5 and P=0.004,5 for Fib and platelet counts, respectively). hTe squamous subtype exhibited high plasma Fib levels (P<0.001) compared with adenocarcinoma cell lung cancer patients. Fib and PLT levels increased (P<0.001 and P=0.014, respectively), and aPTT decreased (P<0.001) in patients at stages III and IV compared with those in patients at stages I and II. aPTT decreased signiifcantly (P<0.001), and Fib and D-dimer levels increased (P<0.001 and P=0.048, respectively) in N1-3 patients with NSCLC compared with those of N0 patients. Prolonged PT and INR, high plasma Fib levels, and low PTA levels had statistically signiifcant adverse effects on survival (P=0.032, P=0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.005, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that only increased INR was associated with a decreased survival rate in the related indexes of coagulation function (P=0.017). Conclusion Patients who have lung adenocarcinoma and/or lymph node metastasis at advanced stages of NSCLC are prone to thrombophilia. Prolonged PT and INR was associated with poor prognosis, and elevated INR was independently associated with a decreased survival rate. PT and INR are promising prognos-tic markers of NSCLC.

With the rapid growth of incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),more and more studies have been made about its occurrence,development and metastatic mechanism m recent years.Researches about Fas/FasL protein expression and Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis,immune escape mechanism and their roles in the pathogenesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer are constantly emerging.Discussion about the roles of Fas/ FasL system in NSCLC could provide evidence for early diagnosis,prognosis prediction and new treatment of NSCLC.

Objective This study aimed at retrospective analysis of some metastatic breast cancer cases,investigated the recurrence of brain metastases of metastatic breast cancer in patients with risk factors,and provided a reference for the implementation of prevention strategies in the treatment plan and a reasonable choice.Methods A total of 796 breast cancer cases was visited,of whom 456 patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer,in which 61 patients were with brain metastasis.The follow-up data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software.x2 was used to test the age,estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),cerbB-2 expression,lymph node metastasis,and brain metastasis.The COX proportional hazard model was used to analyze the recurrence and metastasis in patients with single-factor,multi-factor analysis,in order to obtain the independent prognostic factors.Results The x2 tests that group age ≤ 35 years,hormone receptor-negative,CerbB-2 (2 +)/(3 +) has a higher risk than another group (x2 =24.92,8.28,4.02,P ＜0.01 orP ＜0.05).COX univariate analysis showed that patient age,tumor size,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases were looked.as the first metastatic site and hormone therapy.Those were significant factors whether the patient suffered from brain metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).COX multivariate analysis showed that age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,and lung metastases were looked as the first metastatic site acted as an independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases as the first metastatic site are the independent prognostic factors for brain metastasis.

Recently, researchers have been increasingly finding coagulation disorders are commonly the first sign of malignancy. It has now been established that cancer development leads to an increased risk of thrombosis, and conversely, excessive activation of blood coagulation profoundly influences cancer progression. In patients with lung cancer, a sustained stimulation of blood coagulation takes place. Cancer cells trigger coagulation through expression of tissue factor, and affect coagulation through expression of thrombin, release of microparticles that augment coagulation and so on. Coagulation also facilitates tumour progression through release of platelet granule contents, inhibition of natural killer cells and recruitment of macrophages. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80%-85% of all lung malignancies. In the present review, we summarized the newly updated data about the physiopathological mechanisms of various components of the clotting system in different stages of carcinogenesis in NSCLC.

Molecular markers have been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. Cell proliferation markers Ki-67 antigen representing breast neoplasms proliferative activity is associated with clinic pathological features and prognosis and has an important predictive value in assessing the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. High expression of Ki-67 is a bad prognostic factor of breast cancer, which is highly related to tumor progression, metastasis and prognosis.