Objective To develop nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia,and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the evidence-based summary of the best evidence of medication management for patients with dysphagia,guided by the the-ory of knowledge,attitude and practice,the basic dimensions and item pool of the questionnaire were deter-mined through group discussion,Delphi expert consultation and pre-investigation.In order to revise the ques-tionnaire,437 nurses from 10 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were conveniently selected for investigation,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested according to the survey results.Results The nurses'knowl-edge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia included 43 items in three dimensions.The three dimensions were analyzed by exploratory factors,and six common factors with characteristic roots>1 were extracted.Two factors were extracted from the knowledge dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 74.958%,One factor was extracted from the attitude dimen-sion,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.655%.Three factors were extracted from the prac-tice dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 72.274%.The factor load of each item was 0.618-0.902,Cronbach's α coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.949,and the test-retest reliability was 0.909.The overall content validity coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.922,and the content validity coeffi-cient for each item was 0.800-1.000.Conclusion The nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia developed in this study has good reliability and validi-ty,and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the status quo of nurses'medication management for pa-tients with dysphagia.

Objective:To analyze the acupoint selection law of acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using data mining techniques.Methods:Literature related to acupuncture for ASD was retrieved from the CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, and PubMed databases from the establishment of the databases to April 1, 2022, and then a database of acupuncture prescriptions was established. The frequency analysis of acupoint use was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019; the Apriori algorithm was used to analyze the association law of acupoints/acupoint areas; SPSS 26.0 was used to perform intergroup cluster analysis.Results:A total of 97 relevant articles with 97 acupuncture prescriptions and 98 acupoints/acupoint areas were included. The most frequently used acupoint was Shenmen (HT 7). The acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints are commonly used. The most frequently occurring part of the acupoint/acupoint area was the head, and the most commonly used specific acupoint was the rendezvous acupoint. Association rule analysis yielded 40 groups of acupoints/acupoint areas, and the most commonly used combination was Laogong (PC 8) and Shenmen (HT 7). Four categories were extracted among high-frequency acupoints/acupoint areas by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment for ASD mainly selects the head acupoints, mainly selecting the acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints, and paying attention to the use of specific acupoints.

Cardiovascular diseases， with high incidence and high mortality， belong to the category of "chest impediment and heart pain" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Chinese medicines have unique effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little side effects. Huoxin pills， one of the National Essential Drugs， is formulated based on the basic pathogenesis of weak pulse at Yang and wiry pulse at Yin and the pathological basis of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia and used for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease （Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome）. This medicine is derived from the classic famous prescription and is composed of ten precious Chinese medicinal herbs. It can replenish Qi， activate blood， and warm collaterals to diffuse impediment by enhancing myocardial contractility and cardiac output to improve micro-circulation and increase coronary blood flow， regulating immune functions， alleviating inflammation， detoxifying， and tranquilizing mind. Clinically， it is suitable for patients with angina pectoris caused by the lack of heart Yang， chest tightness， shortness of breath， palpitation， fear of cold for limbs and so on， especially for the elderly with Yang deficiency or the patients with a history of myocardial infarction. On the basis of the available research reports， this paper explains the formula meaning of Huoxin pills from the perspective of the basic pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and predicts its action targets， location and links. Furthermore， we expound the mechanism of action of Huoxin pills based on basic research and clinical evidence-based research， aiming to provide data support and evidence for the clinical application of this medicine.

The study is aimed to effectively obtain the planting area of traditional Chinese medicine resources. The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted in natural environment suitable mountainous areas. The UAV low altitude remote sensing data were used as the samples and the GF-2 remote sensing images were applied for the data source to extract the planting area of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Artemisia argyi in Luoning county combined with field investigation. Remote sensing satellite data of standard processing obtain specific remote sensing data coverage. The UAV data were pre-processed to visually interpret the species and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the sample quadrat. Support vector machine( SVM) was used to classify and estimate the area of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Luoning county,confusion matrix was used to determine the accuracy of spatial distribution of traditional Chinese medicine resources. The result showed that the application of UAV of low altitude remote sensing technology and remote sensing image of satellite in the extraction of S. miltiorrhiza and other varieties planting area was feasible,it also provides a scientific reference for poverty alleviation policies of the traditional Chinese medicine Industry in local areas.Meanwhile,research on remote sensing classification of Chinese medicinal materials based on multi-source and multi-phase high-resolution remote sensing images is actively carried out to explore more effective methods for information extraction of Chinese medicinal materials.
Altitude ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Natural Resources ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Support Vector Machine

BACKGROUND: The balloon dilatation technique plays an important role in the correction of kyphosis. A balloon catheter can enlarge the spinal cavity in kyphoplasty followed by injection of bone cement under low pressure to lay a foundation for the stability of the spine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of balloon dilation with injectable calcium sulfate cement for tibial plateau fractures and to analyze its clinical effect. METHODS: Twenty-four upper tibia specimens of the adults were taken to make the Schatzker Ⅲ collapsed fracture model of the tibial plateau. Then, these specimens were randomized into three groups: the standard group was subjected to poking reduction with autologus bone grafting and screw internal fixation, the bone cement group was inflated with balloon dilatation followed by calcium sulfate cement injection, and the combined group was treated with fixation with cancellous bone screws and balloon dilatation followed by injection of calcium sulfate cement. The general situation of reduction and fixation was observed and the reduction effect was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Fixation effect in the model: All three models were well reset, and the average displacement of the standard group, the simple bone cement group and the bone cement screw group was (-0.22±0.62), (-0.23±0.67), and (-0.20±0.69) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the displacement between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05). (2) Clinical application: One case of Schatzker type Ⅱ fracture of the left tibial plateau was treated with cancellous bone screw fixation and balloon dilatation followed by injection of calcium sulfate cement. X-ray results showed calcium sulfate cement was visible at 3 postoperative days. At 30 postoperative days, the patient presented with good joint range of motion, and the calcium sulfate was partially absorbed on the X-ray film. At 60 postoperative days, the patient appeared to have no joint extension disorder, and fracture healing and absorption of calcium sulfate as shown by X-rays. To conclude, the balloon dilation with injectable calcium sulfate cement for the treatment of tibial plateau fracture is feasible and has clinical value.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in the renal allografts of patients with chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), and explore their role in the pathogenesis of ABMR.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis were used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal allografts of 46 patients with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), with 15 normal renal tissue specimens as the control. The association of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 with the pathological grade of IF/TA in ABMR was analyzed.

RESULTSThe expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 significantly increased in the renal tissues of the patients as compared with the normal renal tissues (P<0.05). MMP-2 expression tended to decrease, while TIMP-1 and serum creatinine increased with the pathological grades of IF/TA (P<0.05). In IF/TA group, the expression of TIMP-1 was positively correlated to serum creatinine level (r=0.718, P=0.00<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 can promote the development of renal fibrosis in chronic ABMR.

Adult ; Antibody Formation ; Complement C4b ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrosis ; etiology ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation can significantly improve heart function foUowing myocardial infarction. This is correlated with the differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes and promotion effect on angiogenesis. Paracrine and ventricular reconstruction inhibition (especially extracallular collagen reconstruction) have important effects on improving heart function.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on coUagen remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rabbits.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Laboratory of Acupuncture and Electrophysiology of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June to August 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 57 healthy Japanese rabbits were purchased from Experimental Animal Center, Uaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: BMSCs were acquired from the bone marrow of two rabbits, and marked with BrdU before transplantation. Ten rabbits served as a normal group. Forty-five rabbits were used to establish the left ventricular infarct by ligation of the left coronary artery. Thirty success models of myocardial infarction were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10)" model, saline and call transplantation groups. Following 7 days of myocardial infarction, rabbit models in the cell transplantation group were injected in the ear vein with 1 mL of BMSCs (2x106 cells). Rabbits in the saline group were infused with 1 mL of saline. The culture was performed for 5 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fibrous structure of myocardial stroma was observed, and collagen volume fraction was measured by Masson Trichrome staining. The ratio of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: BrdU-positive BMSCs could be seen in the cell transplantation group. After myocardial infarction, a few collagen fibers was confluent in or surrounding the infarct area, arranged orderly in the cell transplantation group. Collagen fiber plaque-shaped confluence was significant, and arranged disorderly in the model and saline groups. At 5 weeks following myocardial infarction, compared with the normal group, collagen volume fraction was significantly decreased in and surrounding the infarct region (P < 0.05), and the ratio of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen was increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05).Compared with the model group, collagen volume fraction and the ratio of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen were significantly decreased (P< 0.05).CONCLUSION: BMSCs could survive in infarct heart. BMSCs transplantation could reduce collage volume and improve collage ratio and had beneficial effects on collage remodeling processes after acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the synergistic effect of Schwann cells (SCs) and retinoic acid (RA) on differentiation and synaptogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from hippocampus of neonatal rats.

METHODSThe classical method for 2x2 factorial analysis experiment was used to assess synergistic action of SCs and RA. NSCs were treated with RA, SCs, and SCs + RA in DMEM/F12 with 0.5% fetal bovine serum for six days, respectively. Double immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the differentiation of NSCs including nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Map2. The expression of PSD95 was used to demonstrate synaptogenesis.

RESULTSAfter NSCs were treated with RA or SCs, the expression of nestin and GFAP was significantly decreased while the expression of Map2 and PSD95 was significantly increased in comparison with the control. Factorial ANOVA showed that interactions between SCs and RA could induce the expression of Map2 and PSD95.

CONCLUSIONSCs and RA could promote synergistically the neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neural stem cells in vitro while they decreased the astrocytes and nestin positive NSCs.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Synergism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Synapses ; drug effects ; physiology ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the radiation induced parotid dysfunction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who had received different methods of radiotherapy.

METHODSFrom January 1996 to January 2000, 380 NPC patients were divided into conventional fraction (CF-175 patients), late-course accelerated hyperfractionation (LCAF-63 patients) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT-142 patients) groups. Conventional radiotherapy was given with a total dose of 70 Gy. Patients in the LCAF group were treated with the same fractionation as CF group until the dose of 36 - 40 Gy, then followed by LCAF radiotherapy to a total dose of 75 Gy. IMRT in the form of full-course was given to a total dose of 72 Gy. Acute parotiditis was observed during the treatment. The parotid secretory function was examined 2 years after radiotherapy.

RESULTSThe dose of parotid in IMRT was much lower than those in the other 2 groups. Extreme damage rates of parotid secretory function in CF, LCAF and IMRT groups were 81.7%, 81.0% and 69.7% (P < 0.05); acute parotiditis rates were 23.4%, 20.4% and 41.3% respectively, with the differences among the 3 groups significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe radiation parotid functional damage differs in the various methods of radiotherapy. IMRT, being able to improve the tumor target coverage and spare the adjacent critical structures, is indicated for NPC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Dose Fractionation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Parotid Gland ; physiopathology ; radiation effects ; Parotitis ; etiology ; Radiation Injuries ; physiopathology ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between blood pressure control status and patients' knowledge on hypertension prevention and control among hypertensive patients.

METHODSA total of 726 hypertensives were selected from four community health service centers (2 urban and 2 rural) in Beijing. All subjects were investigated by questionnaires and their blood pressures were measured at the same time.

RESULTSThe rate for blood pressure under control (< 140/90 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) in the rural and urban patients were 46.4% and 23.9% respectively. The control rate increased with the increase of patients' knowledge on prevention and control of hypertension in both urban and rural patients. The cumulative effect of knowledge on hypertension control status could contribute 30.0% to the difference in hypertension control rate between rural and urban patients.

CONCLUSIONPatients' knowledge on hypertension control was significantly related to the rate on hypertension control. Health education should be helpful to improve the rate on hypertension control.

Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; China ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; education ; Patient Education as Topic ; organization & administration ; Rural Population ; Social Class ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Urban Population