Conjunctival lymphangiectasia is a low-incidence ocular surface disease that is currently rarely reported in the relevant literature. It may be related to cosmetic eyelid surgery, tumor, radiation or chemotherapy and other factors and often causes a foreign body sensation, lacrimation, eye pain, visual fatigue and other discomfort. These symptoms of constant eye irritation affect the patient's quality of life. At present, anterior segment optical coherence tomography can be used for clinical diagnosis, and the novel monoclonal antibody D2-40, as a marker of lymphatic endothelial cell dilatation, has high specificity in pathological diagnosis. Previous studies have not fully defined the pathogenesis of the disease, and treatment methods vary. Conventional treatment has resulted in varying degrees of damage to the conjunctiva in patients. In recent years, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs have been reported to be effective in treating the disease with few complications. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease in order to gain a better understanding of conjunctival lymphangiectasia and provide more support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the noise level and influencing factors in metro platforms and station halls， thereby providing the scientific basis for the establishment of hygienic standards. MethodsDuring the morning peak（7：00‒9：30）and off-peak （9：30‒17：00） on weekdays， the noise levels were measured with noise meters at 39 monitoring points of 13 station platforms and 31 monitoring points of 6 station halls. The monitoring points arrangement and detection methods referred to the Examination methods for public places—Part 1： physical parameters（GB/T 18204.1‒2013）. ResultsThe measured noise level in the station ranged from 69.25 to 86.17 dB（A）， accounting for 44.74% below 75 dB（A）， 89.47% below 80 dB（A） and 97.37% below 85 dB（A）.The noise level of the platform ［（76.38±4.19） dB（A）］ was higher than that of the station hall ［（74.24±4.50） dB（A）］（P<0.01）. The noise level of the elevated platforms ［（80.01±2.25） dB（A）］ was higher than that of the underground platforms ［（75.73±4.13） dB（A）］（P<0.01）， and the noise level of the platforms without platform screen doors（PSD） ［（80.21±5.08） dB（A）］ was higher than that of platforms with PSD［（74.73±3.16） dB（A）］ （P<0.01）. No statistical significant differences were observed among the different areas of the platforms， monitoring periods， platform depth， exit mode and operation years （P>0.05）. ConclusionThe noise level in metro stations in the city does not fully meet the requirements of current relevant standards. It is suggested to take noise reduction measures to reduce the noise of metro stations.

Objective: To monitor the prevelance of Neisseria meningitidis among healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 in Anhui Province, so as to provide support for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis prevention and control. Methods: From September to October in 2021 and 2022, 4 033 healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 were selected by stratified random sampling from Anhui Province, including areas north of the Yangtze River (Bozhou, Fuyang, Bengbu, Huainan, Chuzhou, Hefei) and areas south of the Yangtze River (Wuhu, Maanshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chizhou, Xuancheng) and the secretions of children and adolescents were collected from the posterior pharyngeal wall above the uvula, and the strains were identified by bacterial culture and nucleic acid detection. McNemar test and Kappa consistency test were used for statistical analysis. Chisquare test and Chisquare trend test were used to compare the rates. Results: The carrier rates of Neisseria meningitidis were 0.47% and 1.07%, respectively. The sensitivity of nucleic acid detection was higher. Among the detected bacteria, group B accounted for the largest proportion of 76.74%. It was followed by group C (4.65%), group Y (4.65%), group W 135 (2.33%) and group X (2.33%). The bacteria bearing rate of male students was higher than that of female students (χ2=11.44); with the increase of age, the bacteria bearing rate of children and adolescents showed an increasing trend (χ2trend=42.69); the bacterial bearing rate of children and adolescents in the north of the Yangtze River was higher than that in the south of the Yangtze River (χ2=23.19); the bacteria bearing rate of children and adolescents without immune history was higher than that with immune history (χ2=11.02)(P<0.01). Conclusions Neisseria meningitidis group B has become an epidemic strain in Anhui Province, and senior children and adolescents have become the key population of epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in the surveillance of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis disease and focuse on group B disease cases, so as to prevent the occurrence of cluster outbreaks in schools.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of the extract of Liuwei Dihuangwan （LW） on mitochondrial damage in the Alzheimer's disease （AD） model of Caenorhabditis elegans （C. elegans）. MethodC. elegans transfected with human β-amyloid protein （Aβ） _1-42 gene was used as an AD model. The rats were divided into blank group， model group， metformin group （50 mmol·L^-1）， and low， medium， and high dose （1.04， 2.08， 4.16 g·kg^-1） LW groups. Behavioral methods were used to observe the sensitivity of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in nematodes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Aβ in nematodes. Total ATP content in nematodes was detected by the adenine nucleoside triphosphate （ATP） kit， and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by the JC-1 method. In addition， the mRNA expression of Aβ expression gene （Amy-1）， superoxide dismutase-1 （SOD-1）， mitochondrial transcription factor A homologous gene-5 （HMG-5）， mitochondrial power-associated protein 1 （DRP1）， and mitochondrial mitoprotein 1 （FIS1） was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. ResultThe extract of LW could reduce the hypersensitivity of the AD model of nematodes to exogenous 5-HT （P<0.05） and delay the AD-like pathological characteristics of hypersensitivity to exogenous 5-HT caused by toxicity from overexpression of Aβ in neurons of the AD model of nematodes. Compared with the blank group， in the model group， the mRNA expression of Aβ protein and Amy-1 increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of SOD-1 and HMG-5 decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of DRP1 and FIS1 increased （P<0.01）， and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential decreased （P<0.05）. The content of ATP decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， in the positive medicine group and medium and high dose LW groups， the mRNA expression of Aβ protein and Amy-1 decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of SOD-1 and HMG-5 increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of DRP1 decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and that of FIS1 decreased （P<0.01）. The level of mitochondrial membrane potential increased （P<0.01）， and the content of ATP increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe extract of LW may enhance the antioxidant ability of mitochondria， protect mitochondrial DNA， reduce the fragmentation of mitochondrial division， repair the damaged mitochondria， adjust the mitochondrial membrane potential， restore the level of neuronal ATP， and reduce the neuronal damage caused by Aβ deposition.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational hand-arm vibration disease (OHAVD) in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022. Methods The data of newly reported OHAVD cases and suspected occupational disease cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022 was collected from the Report Card of Occupational Diseases and Report Card of Suspected Occupational Diseases using Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological characteristics of the newly reported OHAVD cases and related suspected occupational disease reports were analyzed. Results A total of 660 newly reported OHAVD cases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022. The number of cases showed a periodic fluctuating trend over the years. Males accounted for 98.64% of the newly reported OHAVD cases with a median age of 38 years and a median hand-transmitted vibration exposure period of 8.7 years. These cases were predominantly distributed in the Pearl River Delta region, including Zhongshan City, Dongguan City, Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City and Foshan City, accounting for 99.25%. The manufacturing enterprises had 98.79% of the cases, investment enterprises of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan merchants of China had 83.18% of the cases, and large- and medium-sized enterprises had 92.73% of the cases. The 660 cases were distributed in 440 enterprises, but there were some characteristics of group outbreaks. There were 20 enterprises (4.55% of the total number of enterprises) had more than three cases involving 219 cases (33.18%). There were five enterprises which had more than 10 cases and the cases number ranged from 12 to 56. Among 382 newly reported OHAVD cases from 2014 to 2022, 44.24% were identified as suspected occupational diseases before diagnosis, of which 59.76% (101/169) were determined by occupational health inspection institutions. Conclusion Newly reported OHAVD cases in Guangdong Province were aggregated in terms of regional distribution, industry, enterprise ownership, and enterprise scale, with a risk of group outbreaks. It is suggested to enhance the OHAVD prevention and control in male workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibrations in the Pearl River Delta's manufacturing enterprises.

[Objective]To investigate the impact of varying concentrations of baicalein on the proliferation and biological responses of MC3T3-E1 cells,as well as the antibacterial efficacy of baicalein against prevalent oral bacteria,and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.[Methods]MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of baicalein(0,6,12,18,and 24 μmol/L)and cell viability was determined by using the CCK-8 assay.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of MC3T3-E1 cells following osteogenic induction was assessed.RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of RunX2,BMP2,and Osterix.After 24 hours of treatment,the antibacterial potential of baicalein against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Sanguis was evaluated by using the K-B paper disk method.[Results]Baicalein exhibited a modest reduction in proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells but without affecting their sustained proliferation.Baicalein at a concentration of 18 μmol/L enhanced ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells,upregulated BMP2 and Osterix expression,downregulated RunX2 expression,significantly inhibited the proliferation of Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Sanguis(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Baicalein at an optimal concentration(18 μmol/L)demonstrated a promotional effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and effectively suppressed the proliferation of common oral bacteria,including Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Sanguis.

Mutations in myosin heavy chain 7(MYH7)and myosin binding protein C3(MYBPC3)genes encoding thick filaments are the main cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),while a small part of HCM is caused by mutations of troponin C1,slow skeletal and cardiac type(TNNC1),troponin T2,cardiac type(TNNT2),troponin I3,cardiac type(TNNI3),actin alpha cardiac muscle 1(ACTC1),and tropomyosin 1(TPM1)genes encoding thin filaments.In this review,we mainly introduce the detailed mechanism and research status of HCM caused by mutations of the gene encoding cardiomyocyte sarcomere in the past few years,in order to provide reference for further study of the pathogenesis and treatment of HCM.

Background::Total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and integrated HIV DNA are widely used markers of HIV persistence. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard curve. Here, we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA.Methods::The limit of detection, dynamic ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and human CD3 gene (for total HIV DNA) and ACH-2 cells (for integrated HIV DNA). Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assayed in total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4 +) T-cell counts, CD8 + T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, respectively. The assay linear dynamic range and lower limit of detection (LLOD) were also assessed. Results::The assay could detect the presence of HIV-1 copies 100% at concentrations of 6.3 copies/reaction, and the estimated LLOD of the ddPCR assay was 4.4 HIV DNA copies/reaction (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.6-6.5 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 5-log 10-unit range in total HIV DNA assay. For the integrated HIV DNA assay, the LLOD was 8.0 copies/reaction (95% CI: 5.8-16.6 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 3-log 10-unit range. Total HIV DNA in CD4 + T cells was positively associated with integrated HIV DNA ( r = 0.76, P <0.0001). Meanwhile, both total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA in CD4 + T cells were inversely correlated with the ratio of CD4/CD8 but positively correlated with the CD8 + T-cell counts. Conclusions::This ddPCR assay can quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA efficiently with robustness and sensitivity. It can be readily adapted for measuring HIV DNA with non-B clades, and it could be beneficial for testing in clinical trials.

Background::Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new generation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) profile and exposure-response relationship of ANV among people living with HIV.Methods::Plasma concentration-time data from phase 1 and phase 3 clinical trials of ANV were pooled for developing the PopPK model. Exposure estimates obtained from the final model were used in exposure-response analysis for virologic responses and safety responses.Results::ANV exhibited a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile, which was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. There were no significant covariates correlated to the pharmacokinetic parameters of ANV. The PopPK parameter estimate (relative standard error [%]) for clearance adjusted for bioavailability (CL/F) was 6.46 (15.00) L/h, and the clearance of ANV increased after multiple doses. The exposure-response model revealed no significant correlation between the virologic response (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) at 48 weeks and the exposure, but the incidence of adverse events increased with the increasing exposure ( P value of steady-state trough concentration and area under the steady-state curve were 0.0177 and 0.0141, respectively). Conclusions::Our PopPK model supported ANV 150 mg once daily as the recommended dose for people living with HIV, requiring no dose adjustment for the studied factors. Optimization of ANV dose may be warranted in clinical practice due to an increasing trend in adverse reactions with increasing exposure.Trial registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn (Nos. ChiCTR1800018022 and ChiCTR1800019041).

Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China. Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA. Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains. Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.