Objective: To explore the current situation of anxiety, subjective well-being in occupational population and the mediating effect of resilience. Methods: From March 24th to 26th, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among occupational population aged ≥18 years old using online questionnaires. A total of 2134 valid questionnaires were obtained, with respondents from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Their general demographic data, subjective well-being, anxiety, and resilience were collected. Pearson χ(2) test and Spearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and structural equation model was used to explore the mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 60 years old, with an average age of (31.19±7.09) years old, including 1075 (50.4%) women and 1059 (49.6%) men. The positive rates of low subjective well-being and anxiety were 46.5% (992/2134) and 28.4% (607/2134), respectively. Anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being scores and resilience scores (r(s)=-0.52, -0.41, P<0.05), while resilience was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (r(s)=0.32, P<0.05). Structural equation models showed that anxiety had a negative predictive effect on subjective well-being, while resilience not only had a positive predictive effect on subjective well-being, but also played a mediating role between anxiety and subjective well-being, with a mediating effect of 9.9%. Conclusion: The situation of anxiety and well-being in the occupational population is still not optimistic, and resilience has a mediating effect between anxiety and subjective well-being.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Resilience, Psychological ; Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTION: Disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic significantly heighten the psychological stress of healthcare workers (HCWs). The objective of this study was to understand the factors contributing to the perceived stress levels of HCWs in a public primary care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic, including their training, protection and support (TPS), job stress (JS), and perceived stigma and interpersonal avoidance. METHODS: This cross-sectional study using an electronic self-administered questionnaire was conducted at the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics in March 2020. Data was collected anonymously. Analysis was performed using regression modelling. RESULTS: The response rate was 69.7% (n = 1,040). The mean perceived stress level of HCWs in various departments ranged from 17.2 to 20.3. Respondents who reported higher perceived stress were those who made alternative living arrangements, were more affected by the current pandemic, reported higher JS and were Muslims. Respondents who reported lower perceived stress were those who had been through the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003 and H1N1 pandemic in 2009 as HCWs, and those who had higher confidence in the organisation's TPS. CONCLUSION All HCWs, regardless of their scope of work, were similarly stressed by the current pandemic compared to the general population. Improving the confidence of HCWs in their training, protection and the support of personal protective equipment, and retaining experienced HCWs who can provide advice and emotional support to younger colleagues are important. Adequate psychological support for HCWs in the pandemic can be transformed into reserves of psychological resilience for future disease outbreaks.
COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Personnel/psychology* ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Pandemics ; Primary Health Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological

This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and psychological distress among female scientists and technicians in China. Accordingly, we included scientists and technicians from representative research institutions, medical institutions, colleges, universities, and businesses in China, and the data were collected from July 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 via online questionnaires. The parameters evaluated in this study included age, sex, marital status, educational background, monthly income, sleep hours, sleep problems, smoking, alcohol consumption, work-related stress, work burnout, cardiovascular symptoms, CVD, family history, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. A total of 14 530 scientists and technicians were included, comprising 7144 men and 7386 women. We found 34.9% men and 16.6% women with CVD, 35.1% men and 21.4% women with depressive symptoms, 28.7% men and 13.8% women with anxiety symptoms, and 22.0% men and 9.5% women with CVD combined with depressive or anxiety symptoms. This study focused on the details of women. Younger women (age≤35 years) had the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms (24.9%), anxiety symptoms (16.2%), and comorbidity (11.2%). It was established that, despite traditional risk factors, unmanageable work burnout, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were associated with a higher risk of CVD in women; insomnia, overwhelming work stress, unmanageable work burnout, and CVD were linked to a higher risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety; insomnia, overwhelming work stress, and unmanageable work burnout were related to CVD combined with depressive or anxiety symptoms. A bidirectional relationship was noted between CVD and depression or anxiety in female scientists and technicians, and insomnia and overwhelming work stress were positively associated with comorbidity. It is suggested that effective measures should be taken to protect female scientists and technicians from CVD and psychological distress.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Depression/complications* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology* ; Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Psychological Distress ; Stress, Psychological/psychology*

Objective: To investigate the occupational stress status of air traffic controllers (ATC) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, 457 ATCs in an air traffic management bureau were selected as the investigation objects. The job content questionnaire (JCQ) and the effort reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI) were used to measure work requirements independent imbalance type and ERI type occupational stress separately and analyze the influencing factors. Results: Of the 457 ATCs, 81.84% (374/457) ATGs had work requirements independent imbalance type of occupational stress and 84.46% (386/457) ATGs had ERI type occupational stress. Univariate analysis showed that the factors of marital status, degree of education, age, length of service, title, job post, family monthly income, views on regular training, occurrence of emergency or unsafe events in last month and monthly night shift frequency had various degrees of influence on the different factor scores of JCQ and ERI (P<0.01) . Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of JCQ type occupational stress of ATCs with junior titles and probationers was higher than those of intermediate/senior titles (P=0.000, 0.000) ; The ERI type occupational stress of probationers and junior titles ATCs was lower than those with intermediate/senior titles (P=0.000) . The ERI and JCQ type occupational stress level of tower post ATCs was higher than that of other two job post ATCs (P=0.001, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) . The ATCs considering regular training had more disadvantages than advantages showed lower ERI type occupational stress level than those considering more advantages than disadvantages (P=0.000) . The ERI type occupational stress level of ATCs who experienced emergency or unsafe events in last month was higher than those who didn't (P=0.007) . Conclusion: A large proportion of ATCs had occupational stress. Management should adjust its policies and pay were attention to occupational stress of ATLs.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Employment ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology* ; Reward ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To investigate the sleep quality of video operators in Shenzhen, and explore the relationship between sleep quality and occupational stress and different work and life habits. Methods: In December 2020, a cluster sampling method was used to investigate 791 video operators in Shenzhen from June to December 2020 who were engaged in printing, design, IT and other industries. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale was used to investigate the sleep quality of video operators, and the Job Content Questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational stress of video operators, The Pay Return Imbalance Questionnaire was used to investigate the pay return imbalance of video operators. The measurement data conforming to the normal distribution shall be expressed by mean±standard deviation, and t-test, analysis of variance and linear correlation analysis shall be adopted according to the type of independent variable. Those that do not conform to the normal distribution are described by the median M (Q(1), Q(3)), and two sample Wilcoxon test is used according to the binary data of independent variable type. Kruskal Wallis test was used for multi classification data, and Spearman rank correlation was used for single factor analysis for ordinal classification data. The counting data were analyzed by chi square test or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: the pittsburgh sleep quality index was 4.76±2.86. 499 of them had high sleep quality. 292 people had low sleep quality, accounting for 36.91% (292/791). Compared with the low sleep quality group, the high sleep quality group had lower work requirement scores (13.48±1.77), higher autonomy scores (24.08±3.33), higher social support scores (23.95±3.08), lower pay scores (16.11±2.63), higher return scores (31.11±3.65), and lower internal input scores (14.98±2.55). There were statistically significant differences between the two scales in each dimension index group (P<0.05). Multi factor unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that high education level (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.26~1.98, P<0.05), occupational stress (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.21~2.36, P<0.05), and high pay and low return (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.01~1.96, P<0.05) were the main influencing factors of sleep quality. Conclusion: The occurrence of occupational stress in video operators is a risk factor for low sleep quality, which should be paid enough attention.
Humans ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology* ; Computer Terminals ; Sleep Quality ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To explore the influential factors of job stress suffered by workers in railway stations, the level of job stress of were measured and subjective comfort of employees targeting to working environment were reported. Methods: In March 2019, a cluster sampling study was designed to collect the personal characteristics, job characteristics and subjective comfort degree of working environment of 432 employees in Chongqing railway stations. Meanwhile, job stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance scale. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of occupational stress detection rate among different stratified factors such as occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influential factors of occupational stress. Results: The detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations was 31.02% (134/432) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among the divorced workers in railway stations, those earning less than 5, 000 yuan per month, those with 10-20 years' length of service, those who worked as a conductor and other workers including baggageman, station master on duty and assistant engineer (χ(2)=9.61, 14.76, 23.28, 11.06, P=0.008, 0.002, 0.000, 0.011) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among those whose working environment subjective feelings were uncomfortable, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) . The results showed that the occupational stress of the staff in the railway stations was influenced by their subjective feeling of air quality, noise and Space Layout (P<0.05) . The risk factors of occupational stress were air quality, noise and uncomfortable space layout (OR=0.571, 0.068, 0.441, P=0.051, 0.054, 0.007) . Conductor, other (Bellboy, Duty Station Master, assistant engineer) were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=1.884, 2.703, P=0.065, 0.019) . The employees of station A and station B were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=4.681, 1.811, P=0.002, 0.067) . Conclusion: The higher detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations is correlated with the subjective comfort degree of the working environment of the workers.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology* ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2-4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM RESULTS: The prevalence of AR in children aged 2-4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m CONCLUSIONS Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM
Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Family/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological/complications* ; Traffic-Related Pollution/adverse effects*

Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology* ; Oil and Gas Fields ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai. RESULTS: Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China. CONCLUSION This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.
Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Loneliness/psychology* ; Male ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Psychological Distress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology* ; United Kingdom/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

INTRODUCTION: Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of psychological distress. This study evaluates the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HCWs in a national paediatric referral centre. METHODS: This was a survey-based study that collected demographic, work environment and mental health data from paediatric HCWs in the emergency, intensive care and infectious disease units. Psychological impact was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with psychological distress. RESULTS: The survey achieved a response rate of 93.9% (430 of 458). Of the 430 respondents, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were reported in 168 (39.1%), 205 (47.7%) and 106 (24.7%), respectively. Depression was reported in the mild (47, 10.9%), moderate (76, 17.7%), severe (23, 5.3%) and extremely severe (22, 5.1%) categories. Anxiety (205, 47.7%) and stress (106, 24.7%) were reported in the mild category only. Collectively, regression analysis identified female sex, a perceived lack of choice in work scope/environment, lack of protection from COVID-19, lack of access to physical activities and rest, the need to perform additional tasks, and the experience of stigma from the community as risk factors for poor psychological outcome. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was reported among frontline paediatric HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal psychoneuroimmunity and organisational prevention measures can be implemented to lessen psychiatric symptoms. At the national level, involving mental health professionals to plan and coordinate psychological intervention for the country should be considered.
Adult ; Anxiety/etiology* ; COVID-19/psychology* ; Depression/etiology* ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occupational Diseases/etiology* ; Pandemics ; Personnel, Hospital/psychology* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Self Report ; Severity of Illness Index ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Stress, Psychological/etiology*