Choroid plexus tumors are uncommon brain tumors that primarily occur in children. Most of these tumors originate from the intraventricular area, and the most common clinicalpresentation is increased intracranial pressure. Dissemination through the cerebrospinal fluid space is the inevitable natural course of the disease. Here, we present 2 rare cases of adult choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), each with distinct clinical presentation and progression. The first case was a 40-year-old male who presented with multiple intraventricular masses. After surgical biopsy, radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy failed to elicit any response. The patient progressed with spinal cord dissemination and expired 1 year later. The second case presented with visual disturbance, and brain MRI revealed a large ovoid juxtaventricular mass with peritumoral edema. This 49-year-old female patient underwent craniotomy for what was thought to be a high-grade glioma; however, the mass was connected to the choroid plexus at the operative field. Her pathology specimen was diagnosed as CPC, and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was administered. She has now been free of recurrence for 10 months. The description of the presentation and progression of these rare adult-onset CPC provides insight for the diagnosis and treatment of other rare instances of choroid plexus tumors.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; Choroid Plexus ; Choroid ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Edema ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Glioma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord

Occasionally, unexpected neurological deficits occur after lumbar spinal surgery. We report a case of monoparesis after lumbar decompressive surgery. A 63-year-old man, who had undergone decompression of L4-5 for spinal stenosis 4 days previously in the other hospital, visted the emergency department with progressive weakness in the left leg and hypoesthesia below sensory level T7 on the right side. He had been cured of lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiation therapy 10 years previously, but detailed information of radiotherapy was not available. Whole spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed fatty marrow change from T1 to T8, most likely due to previous irradiation. The T2-weighted MR image showed a high-signal T4-5 spinal cord lesion surrounded by a low signal rim, and the T1-weighted MR image showed focal high signal intensity with focal enhancement. The radiological diagnosis was vascular disorders with suspicious bleeding. Surgical removal was refused by the patient. With rehabilitation, the patient could walk independently without assistance 2 months later. Considering radiation induced change at thoracic vertebrae, vascular disorders may be induced by irradiation. If the spinal cord was previously irradiated, radiation induced vascular disorders needs to be considered.
Bone Marrow ; Decompression ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Leg ; Lung Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Radiotherapy ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Thoracic Vertebrae

Primary spinal cord oligodendrogliomas are rare tumors comprising two percent of all spinal cord tumors. Although a treatment guideline has yet to be established, maximal surgical resection is primary in the treatment of spinal cord oligodendrogliomas. Adjuvant radiotherapy has remained controversial, and it is unclear whether chemotherapy adds any benefit. In this case report, the authors present a 24-year-old male who had a seven-year history of left leg weakness and a radiating pain in both legs. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an intramedullary mass at the T4-T8 level. He underwent subtotal removal of the tumor and pathologic diagnosis revealed a WHO grade II oligodendroglioma. The patient was treated with radiotherapy postoperatively and followed up with MRI annually. Clinical and radiological status of the patient had been stationary for four years after the surgery. The five-year follow-up MRI showed an increase in the size and extent of the residual tumor. Despite radiological progression, considering that symptoms and the performance status of the patient had remained unchanged, further treatment has not been performed. Given the clinical outcome of this patient, close observation after subtotal removal with adjuvant radiotherapy is one of the acceptable treatment options for WHO grade II spinal cord oligodendrogliomas.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; Spinal Cord* ; Young Adult

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteochondroma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

A 74-year-old man presented with a progressively worsening pain in sacrum and was diagnosed to have a sacral chordoma by biopsy in May, 2004. Percutaneous intratumoral injection with lipiodol-pingyangmycin suspension (LPS) was carried out under image guidance and repeated when the pain in sacrum recurred and the tumor increased. During a 6-year follow-up period, three sessions of this treatment were executed. CT imaging and Karnofsky Performance Score were used to evaluate the size of tumor and quality of life, respectively. The patient was free of pain after each procedure and had a high quality of life with a Karnofsky Performance Score above 80 points. The tumor lesion in sacral area was effectively controlled. No complications were observed. Percutaneous intratumoral injection with LPS under image guidance may be an effective and safe alternative for the patients with sacral chordoma.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage ; Biopsy ; Bleomycin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives ; Chordoma/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Ethiodized Oil/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Sacrum ; Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Suspensions ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been used widely to treat patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, this method can induce various adverse events caused by necrosis of the tumor itself or damage to nontumor tissues. In particular, neurologic side effects such as cerebral infarction and paraplegia, although rare, may cause severe sequelae and permanent disability. Detailed information regarding the treatment process and prognosis associated with this procedure is not yet available. We experienced a case of paraplegia that occurred after conducting TACE through the intercostal artery to treat hepatocellular carcinoma that had metastasized to the rib. In this case, TACE was attempted to relieve severe bone pain, which had persisted even after palliative radiotherapy. A sudden impairment of sensory and motor functions after TACE developed in the trunk below the level of the sternum and in both lower extremities. The patient subsequently received steroid pulse therapy along with supportive care and continuous rehabilitation. At the time of discharge the patient had recovered sufficiently to enable him to walk by himself, although some paresthesia and spasticity remained.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography/secondary ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis/pathology/*therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects ; Hepatitis B/complications/drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/secondary ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Radiography ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy

A giant vertebral notochordal rest is a newly described, benign entity that is easily confused with a vertebral chordoma. As microscopic notochordal rests are rarely found in adult autopsies, the finding of a macroscopic vertebral lesion is a new entity with only seven previously presented cases. We report here radiological findings, including diffusion weighted images, of a patient with a giant notochordal remnant confined to the L5 vertebra, with an emphasis on its distinction from a chordoma.
Chordoma/*diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/etiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology/radiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Notochord/*pathology/radiography ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Spinal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in about 5% of patients with solid tumor and is being diagnosed with increasing frequency as patients live longer and as neuro-imaging studies improve. In general, the most commom cancers that involved the leptomeninges are breast cancer, lung cancer, and malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 25 patients presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs who were diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis at the Yonsei Cancer Center from January 1990 to December 1999. RESULTS: The primary disease of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were stomach cancer (10 cases), breast cancer (7 cases), lung cancer (5 cases), unknown primary cancer (2 cases) and common bile duct cancer (1 case). All patients were presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs involving the central nervous system (CNS), cranial nerve or spinal nerves. Twenty-one of twenty- five patients were treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination therapy. Fourteen of them (66.7%) experienced improvement or stabilization of neurologic symptom and sign. The median survival was 122 days (10-2190). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, although early diagnosis and active treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis may improve the quality of life in selected patients, the median survival was relatively short. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Central Nervous System ; Common Bile Duct ; Cranial Nerves ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Melanoma ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy ; Spinal Nerves ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Germ cell tumors have variable clinical characteristics according to the age, sex, primary site, and pathologic diagnosis. To provide the therapeutic principle, the clinical characteristics, response to the treatment, and prognostic factors were analyzed. METHODS: Medical records of 57 children who were diagnosed as malignant germ cell tumor in Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1986 till June 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: 1) Fifty seven cases (male : 22, female : 43, true hermaphrodite : 1) were analyzed. The age of diagnosis was between 2 months and 15 years and median age was 4 year 7 month. 2) The primary sites were sacrococcygeal area (28%), intracranial area (25%), ovary (18%), testis (11%), retroperitoneum (7%), and mediastinum (4%) in order of frequency. Another cases were in liver, spinal cord, skull base, tongue, and ovary & testis in hermaphrodite. 3) Pathologic diagnosis was possible in 53 cases. Mixed germ cell tumor (37%), endodermal sinus tumor (23%), germinoma (13%), immature teratoma (8%), embryonal carcinoma (4%), and choriocarcinoma (2%) were included in order of frequency. 4) The stage by CCG/POG classification revealed that 6% of stage I, 19% of stage II, 43% of stage III, and 32% of stage IV in 53 cases. 5) After the initial surgery or needle biopsy, radiation therapy was done in the intracranial tumor with EP induction or modified CCG 8891, etc. and cis-VAB, EP, VAB-3, VAC, or CCG 8891, etc. was done in the extracranial tumor with/without radiation therapy. 6) The response rate revealed that 71% of complete response, 22% of partial response, and 7% of progressive disease in 45 cases. 7) The response rate was related to the primary site but not pathology and stage. All the gonadal tumors had complete response. 8) The 5 year-survival rate of all malignant germ cell tumors was 73%. Stage 4 or sacrococcygeal tumor had poor survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Stage 4 and sacrococcygeal area were thought as the poor prognostic factors affecting survival. Survival rate of tumors at sacrococcygeal area were poor owing to the relatively younger age of onset, and poor response rate. The 5 year-survival rate of tumors treated with cis-VAB were 74% but shown complications frequently. So BEP will be preferred.
Age of Onset ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; Child ; Choriocarcinoma ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Germ Cells* ; Germinoma ; Gonads ; Humans ; Liver ; Mediastinum ; Medical Records ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovary ; Pathology ; Pregnancy ; Seoul ; Skull Base ; Spinal Cord ; Survival Rate ; Teratoma ; Testis ; Tongue