Background: The emergence of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported, and the need for tigecycline susceptibility testing in this strain is increasing. However, neither the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have provided definitive criteria for tigecycline susceptibility testing of A. baumannii. In this study, the disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were com pared to verify conventionally used Food and Drug Administration-identified interpretive criteria to detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii. Methods: Forty-four strains of A. baumannii with tigecycline resistance were collected through the Kor-GLASS (Korean Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) study in 2022 using the disk diffusion test (DDT). This strain was retested with the MIC method using a Sensititre Gram Negative GN6F AST plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) to confirm tigecycline resistance. The confirmed strain was subjected to whole genome analysis to elucidate the tigecycline resistance mechanism. Results: Only one of the 44 isolates identified as resistant to tigecycline by the DDT showed resistance with the MIC method, thus the concordance rate of the two methods was 2.3% (1/44). Sequence type 195 strain, carrying bla OXA23 was identified. This strain had no resistance genes of the tetracycline family but had resistance genes to other antimicrobial families. Conclusions Discrepancy of the tigecycline susceptibility test of A. baumannii was identified. To detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii, more reliable methods are required.

Background: The emergence of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported, and the need for tigecycline susceptibility testing in this strain is increasing. However, neither the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have provided definitive criteria for tigecycline susceptibility testing of A. baumannii. In this study, the disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were com pared to verify conventionally used Food and Drug Administration-identified interpretive criteria to detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii. Methods: Forty-four strains of A. baumannii with tigecycline resistance were collected through the Kor-GLASS (Korean Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) study in 2022 using the disk diffusion test (DDT). This strain was retested with the MIC method using a Sensititre Gram Negative GN6F AST plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) to confirm tigecycline resistance. The confirmed strain was subjected to whole genome analysis to elucidate the tigecycline resistance mechanism. Results: Only one of the 44 isolates identified as resistant to tigecycline by the DDT showed resistance with the MIC method, thus the concordance rate of the two methods was 2.3% (1/44). Sequence type 195 strain, carrying bla OXA23 was identified. This strain had no resistance genes of the tetracycline family but had resistance genes to other antimicrobial families. Conclusions Discrepancy of the tigecycline susceptibility test of A. baumannii was identified. To detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii, more reliable methods are required.

Background: The emergence of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported, and the need for tigecycline susceptibility testing in this strain is increasing. However, neither the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have provided definitive criteria for tigecycline susceptibility testing of A. baumannii. In this study, the disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were com pared to verify conventionally used Food and Drug Administration-identified interpretive criteria to detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii. Methods: Forty-four strains of A. baumannii with tigecycline resistance were collected through the Kor-GLASS (Korean Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) study in 2022 using the disk diffusion test (DDT). This strain was retested with the MIC method using a Sensititre Gram Negative GN6F AST plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) to confirm tigecycline resistance. The confirmed strain was subjected to whole genome analysis to elucidate the tigecycline resistance mechanism. Results: Only one of the 44 isolates identified as resistant to tigecycline by the DDT showed resistance with the MIC method, thus the concordance rate of the two methods was 2.3% (1/44). Sequence type 195 strain, carrying bla OXA23 was identified. This strain had no resistance genes of the tetracycline family but had resistance genes to other antimicrobial families. Conclusions Discrepancy of the tigecycline susceptibility test of A. baumannii was identified. To detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii, more reliable methods are required.

Background: The emergence of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported, and the need for tigecycline susceptibility testing in this strain is increasing. However, neither the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have provided definitive criteria for tigecycline susceptibility testing of A. baumannii. In this study, the disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were com pared to verify conventionally used Food and Drug Administration-identified interpretive criteria to detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii. Methods: Forty-four strains of A. baumannii with tigecycline resistance were collected through the Kor-GLASS (Korean Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) study in 2022 using the disk diffusion test (DDT). This strain was retested with the MIC method using a Sensititre Gram Negative GN6F AST plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) to confirm tigecycline resistance. The confirmed strain was subjected to whole genome analysis to elucidate the tigecycline resistance mechanism. Results: Only one of the 44 isolates identified as resistant to tigecycline by the DDT showed resistance with the MIC method, thus the concordance rate of the two methods was 2.3% (1/44). Sequence type 195 strain, carrying bla OXA23 was identified. This strain had no resistance genes of the tetracycline family but had resistance genes to other antimicrobial families. Conclusions Discrepancy of the tigecycline susceptibility test of A. baumannii was identified. To detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii, more reliable methods are required.

Background: The emergence of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported, and the need for tigecycline susceptibility testing in this strain is increasing. However, neither the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have provided definitive criteria for tigecycline susceptibility testing of A. baumannii. In this study, the disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were com pared to verify conventionally used Food and Drug Administration-identified interpretive criteria to detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii. Methods: Forty-four strains of A. baumannii with tigecycline resistance were collected through the Kor-GLASS (Korean Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) study in 2022 using the disk diffusion test (DDT). This strain was retested with the MIC method using a Sensititre Gram Negative GN6F AST plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) to confirm tigecycline resistance. The confirmed strain was subjected to whole genome analysis to elucidate the tigecycline resistance mechanism. Results: Only one of the 44 isolates identified as resistant to tigecycline by the DDT showed resistance with the MIC method, thus the concordance rate of the two methods was 2.3% (1/44). Sequence type 195 strain, carrying bla OXA23 was identified. This strain had no resistance genes of the tetracycline family but had resistance genes to other antimicrobial families. Conclusions Discrepancy of the tigecycline susceptibility test of A. baumannii was identified. To detect tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii, more reliable methods are required.

Background: Achieving a definitive genetic diagnosis of unexplained multiple congenital anomalies (MCAs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) infants is challenging because of the limited diagnostic capabilities of conventional genetic tests. Although the implementation of whole genome sequencing (WGS) has commenced for diagnosing MCAs, due to constraints in resources and faculty, many NICUs continue to utilize chromosomal microarray (CMA) and/or karyotyping as the initial diagnostic approach. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of WGS in infants with MCAs who have received negative results from karyotyping and/or CMA. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled 80 infants with MCAs who were admitted to a NICU at a single center and had received negative results from CMA and/or karyotyping.The phenotypic characteristics were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases and the Human Phenotype Ontology. We assessed the diagnostic yield of trioWGS in infants with normal chromosomal result and explored the process of diagnosing by analyzing both phenotype and genotype. Also, we compared the phenotype and clinical outcomes between the groups diagnosed with WGS and the undiagnosed group. Results: The diagnostic yield of WGS was 26% (21/80), of which 76% were novel variants.There was a higher diagnostic yield in cases of craniofacial abnormalities, including those of the eye and ear, and a lower diagnostic yield in cases of gastrointestinal and genitourinary abnormalities. In addition, higher rates of rehabilitation therapy and gastrostomy were observed in WGS-diagnosed infants than in undiagnosed infants. Conclusion This prospective cohort study assessed the usefulness of trio-WGS following chromosomal analysis for diagnosing MCAs in the NICU and revealed improvements in the diagnostic yield and clinical utility of WGS.

A nationwide survey of chigger mites causing scrub typhus and an investigation of epidemiologic factors for chigger mites was conducted at 16 localities in 8 provinces in Korea during autumn 2009, 2012, and 2013. A total of 233 Apodemus agrarius were captured, and all were infested with chigger mites. The chigger index was highest in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2009 (358.3) and 2012 (290.1) and Chungcheongnam-do in 2013 (294.4). The predominant chigger mite species was Leptotrombidium pallidum in the northern and central parts and L. scutellare in the southern and western parts, Korea. L. pallidum was not found in Jellanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and the distribution of L. scutellare had been expanded in the northern parts of Korea. The chigger index of L. pallidum was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with humidity. The incidence of scrub typhus is dependent on L. scutellare index. These findings could be helpful to monitor the distribution of chigger mites and to develop a preventive measures for scrub typhus in Korea.

BACKGROUND: In the present multi-institutional study, the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were evaluated among Korean patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).METHODS: Data from 18,819 patients with PTC from eight university hospitals between January 2012 and February 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathology reports of all PTCs and slides of potential NIFTP cases were reviewed. The strict criterion of no papillae was applied for the diagnosis of NIFTP. Due to assumptions regarding misclassification of NIFTP as non-PTC tumors, the lower boundary of NIFTP prevalence among PTCs was estimated. Mutational analysis for BRAF and three RAS isoforms was performed in 27 randomly selected NIFTP cases.RESULTS: The prevalence of NIFTP was 1.3% (238/18,819) of all PTCs when the same histologic criteria were applied for NIFTP regardless of the tumor size but decreased to 0.8% (152/18,819) when tumors ≥1 cm in size were included. The mean follow-up was 37.7 months and no patient with NIFTP had evidence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or disease recurrence during the follow-up period. A difference in prevalence of NIFTP before and after NIFTP introduction was not observed. BRAF(V600E) mutation was not found in NIFTP. The mutation rate for the three RAS genes was 55.6% (15/27).CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence and indolent clinical outcome of NIFTP in Korea was confirmed using the largest number of cases to date. The introduction of NIFTP may have a small overall impact in Korean practice.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, ras ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prevalence ; Protein Isoforms ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

To investigate factors which affect the activities of daily living (ADL) in severely disabled stroke patients. Medical records of 64 post-stroke patients were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had had rehabilitation for 3 months, and their ADL was assessed using the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index at the time of admission and after 3 months. We also investigated age, onset duration of stroke and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) at the time of admission. The ability to roll over, sit, sit to stand, transfer, ambulation, climbing stairs, sitting balance and standing balance were evaluated at the time of admission and after 3 months, either. The factors affecting ADL were K-MMSE and functional ability, such as the ability to roll over, come to sit, sit to stand, sitting and standing balance. The most important factors were the level of K-MMSE and the ability to come to sit. The ability to sit up and the K-MMSE score are the independent factors that can predict the ADL after rehabilitation in severely disabled stroke patient.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Recovery of Function ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Treatment Outcome ; Walking