Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in college freshmen and the impacts of OAB on their mental health, quality of life and social interaction. Methods: An epidemiological questionnaire survey was conducted in an anonymous manner on the prevalence of OAB among 5300 freshmen aged 17 to 22 years enrolled in the 2023—2024 academic year in Xinxiang Medical University and Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University.The questionnaire included questions on basic information, history of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, history of alcohol consumption, history of coffee/strong tea drinking, history of carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, holding urine, chronic insomnia, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), quality of life score (QoL), and social avoidance and distress scale (SADS).The influencing factors of OAB were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.The subjects were grouped according to whether they had OAB, and the differences in SAS, QoL and SADS between the OAB group and non-OAB group were compared.The impacts of OAB on the anxiety level, quality of life, and social interaction were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of OAB was 4.9% (244/5018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of urinary tract infection (OR=0.177), constipation (OR=0.636), smoking (OR=0.582), alcohol consumption (OR=0.685), coffee/strong tea drinking (OR=0.387), carbonated beverage drinking (OR=0.631), redundant prepuce (OR=0.673), phimosis (OR=0.311), urine holding (OR=0.593), and chronic insomnia (OR=0.256) were influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB (P＜0.05).The OAB group had higher SAS score [(41.18±6.54) vs. (38.61±6.36)], QoL score [(3.65±1.20) vs. (2.79±0.95)], social avoidance score [(6.25±1.86) vs. (5.86±1.51)], social distress score [(6.27±1.59) vs. (5.97±1.32)], and total SADS score [(12.51±2.35) vs. (11.84±2.01)] than the non-OAB group (P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that OAB could independently affect the scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS.The OAB group had higher scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS compared with the non-OAB group (P＜0.001). Conclusion: History of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee/strong tea drinking, carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, urine holding, and chronic insomnia are influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB in male college students.Moreover, OAB has negative impacts on their mental health, quality of life, and social interaction.

Objective To investigate the value of urodynamic study(UDS)in guiding the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction(LUTD)in elderly patients with ischemic stroke(IS)during convalescence,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods A total of 50 LUTD patients with IS who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University during Jan.2020 and Jan.2022 were selected.Oral tolterodine was administered to patients with detrusor overactivity(DO),clean intermittent catheterization(CIC)to those with no detrusor reflex and symptomatic increased residual urine,and oral administration of tamsulosin to those with functional obstruction of bladder outlet.The lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)relief rate,UDS parameters and quality of life(QoL)scores were compared before treatment and 3 months after treatment.Results The UDS examination results showed that 25 cases(50.0％)had simple DO,9 cases(18.0％)had DO with impaired detrusor muscle contraction function,5 cases(10.0％)had DO with bladder outlet functional obstruction,4 cases(8.0％)had no detrusor reflex,and 7 cases(14.0％)had simple bladder outlet functional obstruction.After 3 months of treatment,the symptoms of LUTS,including frequent urination,urgent urination,incontinence,dysuria and urinary retention were significantly improved(P＜0.05).The maximum urine flow rate and urine output were significantly increased,the residual urine volume was significantly reduced,QoL scores were significantly reduced,with significant differences(P＜0.001).Conclusion UDS is significant in guiding the treatment of LUTD in elderly patients with IS during convalescence.

[Objective] To investigate the impacts of voiding positions on urinary flow measurement (UFM) and post voided residual (PVR) in young males, to explore a better voiding position, and to provide reference for the clinical application of UFM. [Methods] A total of 43 male medical students (22-28 years old, all healthy with no lower urinary tract symptoms) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College were enrolled.UFM was recorded in standing position, forward-bentding sitting position and sitting position, respectively.PVR was determined with B-ultrasound immediately after each voiding.Voided volume (VV), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), average urine flow rate (Qave) and PVR were compared. [Results] In the standing, forward-bending sitting, and seating positions the VV were 211.6 (169.5, 265.9) mL, 206.8 (173.5, 262.8) mL, and 203.7 (175.9, 260.0) mL, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.486); the Qmax were (26.00±2.33) mL/s, (26.41±2.12) mL/s, and (23.50±2.52) mL/s, respectively; the Qave were (14.03±2.21) mL/s, (14.27±2.18) mL/s, and (11.77±1.89) mL/s, respectively; the PVR were (9.97±2.26) mL, (9.43±1.97) mL and (12.10±3.28) mL, respectively.The Qmax and Qave in standing position and forward-bending sitting position were significantly higher than those in the sitting position, while the PVR was lower than that in the sitting position, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in Qmax, Qave and PVR between the forward-bending sitting and standing positions (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Standing position and forward-bending seating position are beneficial for emptying the bladder, and these two positions are recommended for young men to urinate as the first choice.

Dryness is an important concept in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine， which is closely related to the transformation of the body， etiology and pathogenesis. As one of the medicinal properties of Chinese materia medica， there are various types of Chinese materia medica with dryness. Atractylodis Rhizoma（AR） is a representative medicine with warm and dry properties， which has the function of drying dampness and strengthening the spleen. Due to its strong dryness， it can cause certain adverse reactions. In clinical practice， stir-fried AR with bran is often used as medicine. The dryness of AR is closely related to its efficacy， but the underlying mechanism of the relationship between dryness and efficacy is still unclear. At present， the research on dryness Chinese materia medica has been increasing year by year， but there are still problems such as insufficient systematic research， insufficient in-depth research and lack of research on the mechanism of dryness effect， which limit the breakthrough of the theory of processing for slowing down dryness， and hinder the precise application of dryness Chinese materia medica in clinical practice. Therefore， this article comprehensively reviewed the differences in dryness characterization indicators of different Chinese materia medica by searching domestic and foreign literature， focusing on the relevant research on dryness of AR. A systematic summary and induction were made from the characterization indicators， research techniques of dryness markers， the influence of processing on dryness of AR， and the application mining of dryness of AR. The results showed that the dryness characteristics of AR mainly included the upregulation of macroscopic indicators such as water intake， urine output and whole blood viscosity， as well as energy metabolism indicators， the downregulation of water metabolism indicators， and pathological changes such as submandibular gland acinar atrophy. Based on the changes of dryness and component content of AR after processing， it is determined that the main dryness components of AR may be volatile components such as β-eudesmol and atractylon. Due to its dryness， AR is mainly used to treat diseases such as spleen deficiency， rheumatism and edema. However， the current understanding of the correlation between dryness and efficacy of AR is still insufficient， and there are still many bottlenecks in understanding and explaining its dryness. In the future， systematic evaluation and characterization should be carried out to find the common mechanism of AR exerting dryness and efficacy， providing reference for the rational clinical use.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and therapeutic efficacy of patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma(RCC) syndrome-associated RCC (HLRCC-RCC) in China.Methods:The clinical data of 119 HLRCC-RCC patients with fumarate hydratase (FH) germline mutation confirmed by genetic diagnosis from 15 medical centers nationwide from January 2008 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 73 were male and 46 were female. The median age was 38(13, 74) years. The median tumor diameter was 6.5 (1.0, 20.5) cm. There were 38 cases (31.9%) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱand 81 cases (68.1%) in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. In this group, only 11 of 119 HLRCC-RCC patients presented with skin smooth muscle tumors, and 44 of 46 female HLRCC-RCC patients had a history of uterine fibroids. The pathological characteristics, treatment methods, prognosis and survival of the patients were summarized.Results:A total of 86 patients underwent surgical treatment, including 70 cases of radical nephrectomy, 5 cases of partial nephrectomy, and 11 cases of reductive nephrectomy. The other 33 patients with newly diagnosed metastasis underwent renal puncture biopsy. The results of genetic testing showed that 94 patients had FH gene point mutation, 18 had FH gene insertion/deletion mutation, 4 had FH gene splicing mutation, 2 had FH gene large fragment deletion and 1 had FH gene copy number mutation. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong 2-succinocysteine (2-SC) positive and FH negative in 113 patients. A total of 102 patients received systematic treatment, including 44 newly diagnosed patients with metastasis and 58 patients with postoperative metastasis. Among them, 33 patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), 8 patients were treated with bevacizumab combined with erlotinib, and 61 patients were treated with TKI monotherapy. Survival analysis showed that the median progression-free survival (PFS) of TKI combined with ICI was 18 (5, 38) months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The median PFS and OS were 12 (5, 14) months and 30 (10, 32) months in the bevacizumab combined with erlotinib treatment group, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 10 (3, 64) months and 44 (10, 74) months in the TKI monotherapy group, respectively. PFS ( P=0.009) and OS ( P=0.006) in TKI combined with ICI group were better than those in bevacizumab combined with erlotinib group. The median PFS ( P=0.003) and median OS ( P=0.028) in TKI combined with ICI group were better than those in TKI monotherapy group. Conclusions:HLRCC-RCC is rare but has a high degree of malignancy, poor prognosis and familial genetic characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining with strong positive 2-SC and negative FH can provide an important basis for clinical diagnosis. Genetic detection of FH gene germ line mutation can confirm the diagnosis. The preliminary study results confirmed that TKI combined with ICI had a good clinical effect, but it needs to be confirmed by the results of a large sample multi-center randomized controlled clinical study.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has been widely used for genome engineering and transcriptional regulation in many different organisms. Current CRISPR-activation (CRISPRa) platforms often require multiple components because of inefficient transcriptional activation. Here, we fused different phase-separation proteins to dCas9-VPR (dCas9-VP64-P65-RTA) and observed robust increases in transcriptional activation efficiency. Notably, human NUP98 (nucleoporin 98) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) IDR domains were best at enhancing dCas9-VPR activity, with dCas9-VPR-FUS IDR (VPRF) outperforming the other CRISPRa systems tested in this study in both activation efficiency and system simplicity. dCas9-VPRF overcomes the target strand bias and widens gRNA designing windows without affecting the off-target effect of dCas9-VPR. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using phase-separation proteins to assist in the regulation of gene expression and support the broad appeal of the dCas9-VPRF system in basic and clinical applications.
Humans ; Transcriptional Activation ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Gene Expression Regulation ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics*

【Objective】 To analyze the related factors of emotional and behavioral abnormalities in children with overactive bladder (OAB). 【Methods】 OAB children (aged 6 to 16 years) in a survey of 5 032 children from a county in Henan Province during Sep.2022 and Dec.2022 were identified and surveyed with Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). According to the SDQ score, they were divided into abnormal group (SDQ≥20) and normal group. 【Results】 There were 35.7%(137/385) cases in the abnormal group and 64.3% (248/385) in the normal group. Gender, education level of caregivers, body mass index (BMI), age, constipation, enuresis and severity of OAB were significantly associated with emotional and behavioral abnormalities (P<0.05). Children in the abnormal group showed significant differences in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity symptoms, peer interaction and sleep (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant differences in gender, educational level of caregi-vers, BMI, age, constipation, enuresis, severity of OAB and PSQI between the two groups (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of emotional and behavioral abnormalities is high in children with OAB, which is related to female gender, high BMI, puberty, constipation, enuresis and severity of OAB.

Bibenzyls, a kind of important plant polyphenols, have attracted growing attention for their broad and remarkable pharmacological activities. However, due to the low abundance in nature, uncontrollable and environmentally unfriendly chemical synthesis processes, these compounds are not readily accessible. Herein, one high-yield bibenzyl backbone-producing Escherichia coli strain was constructed by using a highly active and substrate-promiscuous bibenzyl synthase identified from Dendrobium officinale in combination with starter and extender biosynthetic enzymes. Three types of efficiently post-modifying modular strains were engineered by employing methyltransferases, prenyltransferase, and glycosyltransferase with high activity and substrate tolerance together with their corresponding donor biosynthetic modules. Structurally different bibenzyl derivatives were tandemly and/or divergently synthesized by co-culture engineering in various combination modes. Especially, a prenylated bibenzyl derivative ( 12) was found to be an antioxidant that exhibited potent neuroprotective activity in the cellular and rat models of ischemia stroke. RNA-seq, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that 12 could up-regulate the expression level of an apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondria associated 3 (Aifm3), suggesting that Aifm3 might be a new target in ischemic stroke therapy. This study provides a flexible plug-and-play strategy for the easy-to-implement synthesis of structurally diverse bibenzyls through a modular co-culture engineering pipeline for drug discovery.

Objective To make classification and segment measurement for the cases with tibiofibular and ankle fractures in parachuting landing, and investigate main classification types of parachuting fractures and fracture segments of high risk.Methods A total of 56 fracture cases in parachuting landing were collected, and the tibiofibula and ankle fractures were classified according to AO-OTA or Lauge-Hansen classification standards respectively based on their digital X-ray images. The medium plane between talus and tibia joint planes in ankle joint was defined as the reference plane. The highest and lowest injury points of tibia and fibula were marked respectively, and the fracture segment was defined between the highest and lowest point for statistical analysis.Results For tibiofibular and ankle fracture cases in parachuting landing, fracture at both tibia and fibula accounted for 80.4%. The major classification of tibiofibula fracture was 42-D/5.2 (45.8%) and 42-D/5.1 (16.7%). The major classification for ankle fracture was pronation-external rotation (PER, 59.4%) and supination-external rotation (SER, 37.5%). When tibiofibular and ankle fracture cases in parachuting landing occurred, the fracture segment of the tibia was mainly from 57 to 143 mm above the reference plane and from 6 mm below the reference plane to 24 mm above the reference plane, while the fracture segment of the fibula was 4-45 mm and 74-83 mm above the reference plane. Injury risks of all above segments were higher than 50%.Conclusions For protection of lower limbs in parachuting landing, the fracture at both tibia and fibula should be highly noticed. The ankle motion of PER and SER should be especially restricted in parachuting ankle protection.

Understanding the regulatory networks for germ cell fate specification is necessary to developing strategies for improving the efficiency of germ cell production in vitro. In this study, we developed a coupled screening strategy that took advantage of an arrayed bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) platform for protein-protein interaction screens and epiblast-like cell (EpiLC)-induction assays using reporter mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Investigation of candidate interaction partners of core human pluripotent factors OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and SOX2 in EpiLC differentiation assays identified novel primordial germ cell (PGC)-inducing factors including BEN-domain (BEND/Bend) family members. Through RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq analyses, we showed that Bend5 worked together with Bend4 and helped mark chromatin boundaries to promote EpiLC induction in vitro. Our findings suggest that BEND/Bend proteins represent a new family of transcriptional modulators and chromatin boundary factors that participate in gene expression regulation during early germline development.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics* ; Chromatin/metabolism* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Germ Cells/metabolism* ; Germ Layers/metabolism* ; Mice