Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing premedical students’ satisfaction with early clinical experience and determine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between learning motivation and satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 35 second-year premedical students who completed the early clinical experience course and responded to course evaluation questionnaires on self-efficacy, transfer motivation, and student satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Baron and Kenny’s hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Sobel test. Results: Student satisfaction was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.724, p<0.01) and transfer motivation (r=0.538, p<0.01). Self-efficacy and transfer motivation were also highly correlated (r=0.789, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses and Sobel test indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between student satisfaction and transfer motivation (Z=2.704, p<0.01). Conclusion In this study, early clinical experience program increased premedical students’ self-efficacy and transfer motivation for clinical knowledge and confirmed that self-efficacy mediated student satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of early clinical experience on the medical school curriculum and suggest the need for educational strategies to increase self-efficacy in learning.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing premedical students’ satisfaction with early clinical experience and determine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between learning motivation and satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 35 second-year premedical students who completed the early clinical experience course and responded to course evaluation questionnaires on self-efficacy, transfer motivation, and student satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Baron and Kenny’s hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Sobel test. Results: Student satisfaction was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.724, p<0.01) and transfer motivation (r=0.538, p<0.01). Self-efficacy and transfer motivation were also highly correlated (r=0.789, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses and Sobel test indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between student satisfaction and transfer motivation (Z=2.704, p<0.01). Conclusion In this study, early clinical experience program increased premedical students’ self-efficacy and transfer motivation for clinical knowledge and confirmed that self-efficacy mediated student satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of early clinical experience on the medical school curriculum and suggest the need for educational strategies to increase self-efficacy in learning.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing premedical students’ satisfaction with early clinical experience and determine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between learning motivation and satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 35 second-year premedical students who completed the early clinical experience course and responded to course evaluation questionnaires on self-efficacy, transfer motivation, and student satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Baron and Kenny’s hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Sobel test. Results: Student satisfaction was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.724, p<0.01) and transfer motivation (r=0.538, p<0.01). Self-efficacy and transfer motivation were also highly correlated (r=0.789, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses and Sobel test indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between student satisfaction and transfer motivation (Z=2.704, p<0.01). Conclusion In this study, early clinical experience program increased premedical students’ self-efficacy and transfer motivation for clinical knowledge and confirmed that self-efficacy mediated student satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of early clinical experience on the medical school curriculum and suggest the need for educational strategies to increase self-efficacy in learning.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing premedical students’ satisfaction with early clinical experience and determine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between learning motivation and satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 35 second-year premedical students who completed the early clinical experience course and responded to course evaluation questionnaires on self-efficacy, transfer motivation, and student satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Baron and Kenny’s hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Sobel test. Results: Student satisfaction was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.724, p<0.01) and transfer motivation (r=0.538, p<0.01). Self-efficacy and transfer motivation were also highly correlated (r=0.789, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses and Sobel test indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between student satisfaction and transfer motivation (Z=2.704, p<0.01). Conclusion In this study, early clinical experience program increased premedical students’ self-efficacy and transfer motivation for clinical knowledge and confirmed that self-efficacy mediated student satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of early clinical experience on the medical school curriculum and suggest the need for educational strategies to increase self-efficacy in learning.

Mechanical power (MP) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes. Because the original MP equation is derived from paralyzed patients under volume-controlled ventilation, its application in practice could be limited in patients receiving pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Recently, a simplified equation for patients under PCV was developed. We investigated the association between MP and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Korean data from the Fourth International Study of Mechanical Ventilation. We extracted data of patients under PCV on day 1 and calculated MP using the following simplified equation: MPPCV = 0.098 ∙ respiratory rate ∙ tidal volume ∙ (ΔPinsp + positive end-expiratory pressure), where ΔPinsp is the change in airway pressure during inspiration. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors and then compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between MPPCV and ICU mortality. The interaction of MPPCV and use of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 125 patients was eligible for final analysis, of whom 38 died in the ICU. MPPCV was higher in non-survivors (17.6 vs. 26.3 J/min, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, only MPPCV was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.029–1.155; P=0.003). There was no significant effect of the interaction between MPPCV and use of NMBA on ICU mortality (P=0.579). Conclusions: MPPCV is associated with ICU mortality in patients mechanically ventilated with PCV mode, regardless of NMBA use.

Mechanical power (MP) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes. Because the original MP equation is derived from paralyzed patients under volume-controlled ventilation, its application in practice could be limited in patients receiving pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Recently, a simplified equation for patients under PCV was developed. We investigated the association between MP and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Korean data from the Fourth International Study of Mechanical Ventilation. We extracted data of patients under PCV on day 1 and calculated MP using the following simplified equation: MPPCV = 0.098 ∙ respiratory rate ∙ tidal volume ∙ (ΔPinsp + positive end-expiratory pressure), where ΔPinsp is the change in airway pressure during inspiration. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors and then compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between MPPCV and ICU mortality. The interaction of MPPCV and use of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 125 patients was eligible for final analysis, of whom 38 died in the ICU. MPPCV was higher in non-survivors (17.6 vs. 26.3 J/min, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, only MPPCV was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.029–1.155; P=0.003). There was no significant effect of the interaction between MPPCV and use of NMBA on ICU mortality (P=0.579). Conclusions: MPPCV is associated with ICU mortality in patients mechanically ventilated with PCV mode, regardless of NMBA use.

Mechanical power (MP) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes. Because the original MP equation is derived from paralyzed patients under volume-controlled ventilation, its application in practice could be limited in patients receiving pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Recently, a simplified equation for patients under PCV was developed. We investigated the association between MP and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Korean data from the Fourth International Study of Mechanical Ventilation. We extracted data of patients under PCV on day 1 and calculated MP using the following simplified equation: MPPCV = 0.098 ∙ respiratory rate ∙ tidal volume ∙ (ΔPinsp + positive end-expiratory pressure), where ΔPinsp is the change in airway pressure during inspiration. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors and then compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between MPPCV and ICU mortality. The interaction of MPPCV and use of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 125 patients was eligible for final analysis, of whom 38 died in the ICU. MPPCV was higher in non-survivors (17.6 vs. 26.3 J/min, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, only MPPCV was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.029–1.155; P=0.003). There was no significant effect of the interaction between MPPCV and use of NMBA on ICU mortality (P=0.579). Conclusions: MPPCV is associated with ICU mortality in patients mechanically ventilated with PCV mode, regardless of NMBA use.

Mechanical power (MP) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes. Because the original MP equation is derived from paralyzed patients under volume-controlled ventilation, its application in practice could be limited in patients receiving pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Recently, a simplified equation for patients under PCV was developed. We investigated the association between MP and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Korean data from the Fourth International Study of Mechanical Ventilation. We extracted data of patients under PCV on day 1 and calculated MP using the following simplified equation: MPPCV = 0.098 ∙ respiratory rate ∙ tidal volume ∙ (ΔPinsp + positive end-expiratory pressure), where ΔPinsp is the change in airway pressure during inspiration. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors and then compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between MPPCV and ICU mortality. The interaction of MPPCV and use of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 125 patients was eligible for final analysis, of whom 38 died in the ICU. MPPCV was higher in non-survivors (17.6 vs. 26.3 J/min, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, only MPPCV was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.029–1.155; P=0.003). There was no significant effect of the interaction between MPPCV and use of NMBA on ICU mortality (P=0.579). Conclusions: MPPCV is associated with ICU mortality in patients mechanically ventilated with PCV mode, regardless of NMBA use.

Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is caused by dominant mutations of the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3), and presents with overlapping limb-girdle muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase (hyper- CKemia), RMD, and distal myopathy. We report a patient with a CAV3 mutation who presented with myalgia, exercise-induced muscle stiffness, hyperCKemia, and percussion-induced rapid muscle contraction and muscle mounding. A familial genetic study revealed the same mutation in two family members, with physical examinations showing that both of them had rippling muscles.

Differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates a wide range of clinical presentations, from very indolent cases to those with an aggressive prognosis. Therefore, diagnosing and treating each cancer appropriately based on its risk status is important. The Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) has provided and amended the clinical guidelines for thyroid cancer management since 2007. The main changes in this revised 2024 guideline include 1) individualization of surgical extent according to pathological tests and clinical findings, 2) application of active surveillance in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 3) indications for minimally invasive surgery, 4) adoption of World Health Organization pathological diagnostic criteria and definition of terminology in Korean, 5) update on literature evidence of recurrence risk for initial risk stratification, 6) addition of the role of molecular testing, 7) addition of definition of initial risk stratification and targeting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations according to ongoing risk stratification (ORS), 8) addition of treatment of perioperative hypoparathyroidism, 9) update on systemic chemotherapy, and 10) addition of treatment for pediatric patients with thyroid cancer.