BACKGROUND: We aim to explore the association between self-reported snoring and hypertension among adults aged 30-79 in Chongqing, China. METHODS: A total of 23,342 individuals aged 30-79 were included at baseline from August 2018 to January 2019, and the final sample size for the analysis was 22,423. Face-to-face interviews and physical examinations were conducted by trained investigators. Logistic regression was performed to study age-specific and gender-specific associations between snoring and hypertension. RESULTS: Frequent snoring was associated with the risk of hypertension for each age and gender group, and the frequency of snoring was positively correlated with the risk for hypertension. For the three age groups (< 45, 45-59, ≥ 60), compared with the non-snoring group, those who snore often had a 64.5%, 53.3%, and 24.5% increased risk of hypertension (< 45: OR = 1.65, 95%CI 1.34-2.02; 45-59: OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.37-1.72; ≥ 60: OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.09-1.42), respectively. For men and women, those who snore often had a 46.8% and 97.2% increased risk of hypertension, respectively, than the non-snoring group (men: OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.33-1.63; women: OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.75-2.23). CONCLUSIONS People who snore frequently should pay close attention to their blood pressure levels in order to achieve early prevention of hypertension, particularly for snorers who are female and aged under 45; importance should be attached to their blood pressure control.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Snoring/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and sleep disorders and the association between them among children in Lanzhou, China. METHODS: The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 283 primary school students in four districts of Lanzhou of Gansu province. Physical examination and sleep questionnaire were conducted to screen out the children who met the criteria for sleep disorders or obesity as subjects. Among the 3 283 children, 200 healthy children without sleep disorders or obesity were enrolled as the control group. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of obesity among the 3 283 children was 5.76% (189/3 283). Among these 189 obese children, 80 (42.3%) had sleep disorders. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders was 16.24% (533/3 283), and the prevalence rate of obesity among the children with sleep disorders was 24.6% (131/533). Snoring was the most common sleep disorder in obese children. The prevalence rate of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome was 45% (36/80) among obese children with sleep disorders. The obese children had a significantly higher prevalence rate of sleep disorders than the children with normal body weight [42.3% (80/189) vs 20% (40/200), P<0.01]. CONCLUSIONS There is a close relationship between obesity and sleep disorders in children in Lanzhou, China.
Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; complications ; Snoring

BACKGROUNDSeveral previous studies have shown that snoring is associated with glucose metabolism and the development of diabetes, but rare study has shown the association between snoring frequency and prediabetes, particularly in China. We hypothesized that individuals who snore might have a higher risk of prediabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported snoring and prediabetes in a Chinese population.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed in three large communities of Beijing from December 2011 to August 2012 by recruiting individuals aged ≥40 years old. All participants were requested to complete a detailed questionnaire and undergo anthropometric measurements. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in individuals without diabetes. Blood samples of all participants were collected; blood glucose and blood fat levels were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to assess the association between snoring frequency and prediabetes.

RESULTSA total of 13,592 participants (female: 66.56%; mean age: 56.8 ± 7.9 years; mean body mass index: 25.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) were included in the final analysis. Of these, 30.9% were diagnosed with prediabetes, while 41.3% and 25.4% had occasional and habitual snoring, respectively. Habitual snoring was associated with an increased risk of prediabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.4, P< 0.001), after adjusting for diabetes and sleep-related confounders in the multivariable models. Habitual snoring was also associated with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG; OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; P< 0.001) and isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.5; P< 0.001), but not IFG + IGT (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.4; P = 0.281). When stratified by total cholesterol (TC) levels, this association between habitual snoring and prediabetes was observed only in individuals with TC <5.6 mmol/L (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6; P< 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSHabitual snoring is associated with prediabetes, but only in individuals with TC <5.6 mmol/L. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; epidemiology ; Fasting ; blood ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prediabetic State ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Self Report ; Snoring ; blood ; complications ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and serum cystatin C.

METHODSA total of 238 patients with snoring during sleep admitted between January 2012 and June 2015 underwent full-night polysomnography for diagnosis of OSAHS. The patients were divided according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores into simple snoring group (AHI<5) and mild (AHI, 5-15), moderate (AHI, 15-30), and severe OSAHS (AHI>30) groups. The medical history, baseline demographic characteristics, blood glucose, blood lipids, peripheral blood cell count and serum cystatin C were measured, and the correlation between polysomnographic parameters and serum cystatin C were analyzed in different groups.

RESULTSThe simple snoring, mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS groups consisted of 41, 49, 56, and 92 cases, respectively. Serum cystatin C, WBC and its subtype counts, RBC count, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all significantly higher in severe OSAHS group than in the other 3 groups (P<0.05), but serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate were comparable among the groups (P>0.05). Linear correlation analysis revealed that serum cystatin C was positively correlated with gender, BMI, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, SBP, AHI, and WBC (P<0.01) and inversely correlated with the average pulse oxygen saturation (ASpO2), minimum pulse oxygen saturation (MSpO(2)), and SOD (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis identified AHI and SOD as independent factors that were positively and inversely correlated with serum cystatin C (β=0.218, P<0.010; β=-0.217, P<0.009), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSevere OSAHS is closely correlated with serum cystatin C, WBC, and SOD, suggesting that severe OSAHS may initiate the pathological process of early renal damage possibly in association with chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and the initiation of the inflammatory cascade.

Blood Glucose ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Kidney Diseases ; complications ; Leukocyte Count ; Polysomnography ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; diagnosis ; Snoring ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

The clinical manifestation included snoring and mouth breathing for 2 years, repeated coughing and shortness of breath in action for more than 1 year. Physical examination of oral cavity showed tonsils were in grade III. The endoscopy showed 2/3 of postnaris were blocked by the adenoids. The preoperative ultrasonic cardiogram revealed the right atrial and right ventricular dilatation, pulmonary artery widened. The preoperative polysomnography (PSG) showed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 28.5 events an hour, and the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) was 39%. The patient was diagnosed as severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome with pulmonary hypertension. The postoperative PSG showed the AHI was 11.7 events an hour, and the LSaO2 was 86%. The ultrasonic cardiogram at 5 months after surgery didn't show any abnormalities.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; diagnosis ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; diagnosis ; Snoring

We describe a case of a 7-year-old child with Down syndrome who presented with loud snoring and cessation of breath during sleep and was found to have a large calculus (20 mm X 12 mm X 12 mm) in her left tonsil by CT scan for which tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy were done. This is one of the youngest reported cases in the literature.
Adenoidectomy ; Calculi ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; Sleep ; Snoring ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tonsillectomy

We reported a case of children's OSAHS caused by the huge fibrolipoma in pharynx nasalis. The patient was a 10-years-old child who went to the hospital with the chief complaint of "Snoring and mouth breathing during sleep for 10 years". Imaging tests found one huge tumor in pharynx nasalis before the operation. The tumor was resected totally. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was fibrolipoma. No recurrence was noted during the follow-up visit one year postoperatively. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, pathology and prognosis were reviewed herein.
Child ; Humans ; Lipoma ; complications ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; etiology ; Snoring

INTRODUCTIONSleep problems are a prominent feature in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unlike existing studies that focused on extreme samples (i.e. normal vs. ADHD), our study investigated the associations of sleep-related behaviours and ADHD features in nonclinical Chinese preschoolers.

METHODSAll participants were recruited via advertisements and screened for eligibility through a telephone interview prior to an onsite visit. The maternal reports of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) were acquired from 110 Chinese preschoolers aged six years. Regression models were used to examine the association between CPRS and PSQ scores.

RESULTSThe results obtained from regression models on the CPRS and PSQ scores of the 110 participants showed that none of the sleep-related behavioural measures (i.e. sleep-related breathing disorder [SRBD], snoring, daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome) was associated with inattention in our sample. However, worse SRBD was associated with higher hyperactivity.

CONCLUSIONOur study underpins the importance of understanding the relationship between sleep-related behaviours and ADHD characteristics before the usual age of clinical diagnosis in children with ADHD.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Regression Analysis ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; complications ; Snoring ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To detect the levels and effects of protective bioactive substances such as NO, SOD and GSH in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) combining hypertension. METHOD: To collect the data from 99 snoring patients, which were divided into control group, OSAHS group, and OSAHS combined with hypertension group. The serum levels of NO), SOD and GSH in these patients were detected perioperatively, correlation analysis were carried out between these parameters. RESULT: The levels of NO, SOD and GSH in control group, OSAHS group and OSAHS combined with hypertension group reduced in turn with statistically significance, and had inverse correlations with apnea hyponea index (AHDI) and lowest saturation of blood oxygen. After operation, the levels of NO), SOD and GSH were increased and the blood pressure was decreased. CONCLUSION The oxidative stress state is serious in patients with OSAHS. The oxidative stress process is more severe in patients with hypertension, which may play a role in the devolepment of hypertension in OSAHS patients.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Glutathione ; blood ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; metabolism ; Snoring ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both strongly associated with obesity. Whether OSAHS is an independent risk factor for liver injury or not is uncertain. To assess the hypothesis that OSAHS is associated with liver injury independent of obesity. METHOD: One hundred and thirty children with OSAHS and 77 children with primary snoring(PS) were enrolled. Polysomnography was performed. Body mass index (BMI), liver function tests, serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and insulin (INS) were measured. RESULT: Seventeen children of OSAHS had elevated serum aminotransferase levels,while only 2 children of non-OSAHS had elevated serum aminotransferase in healthy control group (chi2 = 5.18, P < 0.05; OR = 5.64 CI 1.27-24.97). Fifteen children of obese had elevated serum aminotransferase levels, while only 4 children had elevated serum aminotransferase in non-obese group (chi2 = 4.58, P < 0.05; (OR = 1.97 CI 1.06-3.67). Seventy cases of obese children, 15 cases of elevated aminotransferase levels (21.4%), namely fatty liver patients, of these children, 14 had OSAHS (93.3%). In contrast, OSAHS was present in only 67.3% of obese children without elevated aminotransferase. CONCLUSION OSAHS may be a risk factor for liver injury independent of obesity; Increased liver enzyme levels are frequently found in obese snoring children, particularly among those with OSAHS.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Fatty Liver ; blood ; enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; complications ; Snoring ; blood ; Transaminases ; blood