Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by advanced lung cancer seriously affect the patients' quality of life and prognosis. The management of MPE includes thoracentesis, pleurodesis, indwelling pleural catheters and drug perfusion in pleural cavity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor are a group of important ligands and receptors that affect angiogenesis. They are the main factors controlling angiogenesis, and they play an important role in the formation of MPE. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized VEGF monoclonal antibody, competitively binding to endogenous VEGF receptor. Bevacizumab can inhibit new blood vessel formation, reduce vascular permeability, prevent pleural effusion accumulation and slow the growth of cancers. This review aims to discuss the progress of bevacizumab in the treatment of MPE caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and explore the clinical application, efficacy, safety and future direction of bevacizumab.
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Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; drug therapy ; Pleural Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important subtype of lung cancer. The incidence of malignant pericardial effusion (MPCE) in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients is high. However, there are few researches on the treatmentof this type of patients. METHODS: We collected data on clinical characteristics and treatment of advanced NSCLC patients who harboring EGFR mutants and MPCE between January 2010 and December 2016. The treatments were divided into three groups: oral gefitinib combined with pericardial perfusion of hydroxycamptotheci (HCPT) group (gefitinib/HCPT); intravenous chemotherapy combined with pericardial perfusion of HCPT group (chemotherapy/HCPT) and gefitinib monotherapy group. And we retrospectively analyzed patients' outcomes in three groups. RESULTS: In 273 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, 29 cases had pericardial effusion, among which 6 patients with small amount of pericardial effusion were excluded, and 23 patients were analyzed. Median pericardium progression free survival (PFS) was 247 days. PFS for gefitinib/HCPT group (460 days) was superior to PFS for chemotherapy/HCPT group (94 days, P=0.008) and gefitinib monotherapy group (131 days, P=0.032). As for the efficacy of primary pulmonary lesions, the efficacy in gefitinib/ HCPT group was superior to chemotherapy/HCPT group [objective response rate (ORR): 33.3% vs 12.5%; disease control rate (DCR): 86.7% vs 62.5%]. There is no difference of ORR and DCR between gefitinib/HCPT group and gefitinib monotherapy group. No obvious adverse reaction was observed in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS First-line gefitinib therapy combined with pericardial perfusion of HCPT can improve pericardium PFS for advanced NSCLC patients who harboring EGFR mutants andmalignantpericardial effusion. This finding should be confirmed further through multicenter, prospective clinical trials with large sample size.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; ErbB Receptors ; metabolism ; Female ; Gefitinib ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; Pericardial Effusion ; complications ; Pericardium ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method, therapeutic effect and safety of interventional therapy for lung cancer patients with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS).

METHODSFifty-two cases of lung cancer with SVCS who received interventional therapy in our hospital between Jan to Dec 2011 were included in this study. Of the 52 cases, 50 cases had successfully carried out superior vena cava stent implantation. The distal venous pressure was measured before and after angioplasty, and the results were assessed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. In addition, the 50 patients were followed up and the therapeutic effect and postoperative survival rate were evaluated.

RESULTSThe mean distal venous pressure in the 50 patients was significantly decreased from preoperative (28.2 ± 1.9)cm H2O to postoperative (8.7 ± 0.5)cm H2O (P = 0.0085). The efficacy of the treatment was as follows: complete remission (20/52, 38.5%), partial remission (28/52, 53.8%), ineffective 4 (4/52, 7.7%), and total effective rate 92.3%. The complications after angioplasty and stent implantation included chest pain (12 cases, 23.1%), hematoma at the puncture site (5 cases, 9.6%), and fever (2 cases, 3.8%). No serious complications such as massive hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism and stent migration into the cardiac atrium were observed. The rate of postoperative restenosis was low (2/52, 3.8%). For the SCLC group, the objective effective rate was 74.1% and 1-year survival rate was 21.0%. For the NSCLC group, the objective effective rate was 21.7% and 1-year survival rate was 35.0%.

CONCLUSIONSFor lung cancer patients with SVCS, interventional therapy may relief obstruction effectively, promote blood flow recovery, and relieve clinical symptoms. Interventional therapy with endovascular angioplasty and stenting may be highly recommended as the first choice for palliative treatment of SVCS. It is an effective initial palliative treatment. However, subsequent comprehensive anti-tumor treatment is necessary.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Chest Pain ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; etiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; Remission Induction ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; complications ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Stents ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; complications ; therapy ; Survival Rate

Erlotinib is accepted as a standard second-line chemotherapeutic agent in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who are refractory or resistant to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. There has been no previous report of bowel perforation with or without gastrointestinal metastases related to erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The exact mechanism of bowel perforation in patients who received erlotinib remains unclear. In this report, we report the first case of enterocutaneous fistula in a female patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer 9 months, following medication with erlotinib as second-line chemotherapy.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/complications/*drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula/*chemically induced/complications/radiography/surgery ; Intestinal Perforation/*chemically induced/complications/radiography/surgery ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Quinazolines/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Sigmoid Diseases/*chemically induced/complications/radiography/surgery

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; drug therapy ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumothorax ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effects of pleural perfusion of NDP and cDDP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with malignant pleural effusion, their quality of life and toxic side effects.

METHODSSixty-eight NSCLC patients with malignant pleural effusion after chest drainage were randomly divided into two groups according to the pathological types: 34 cases in the NDP (Group A) and cDDP groups (Group B), 34 cases each. They were treated with NDP (40 mg/m(2)) and dexamethasone (10 mg) dissolved in 40 ml normal saline, or cDDP (40 mg/m(2)) and dexamethasone (10 mg) dissolved in 40 ml of normal saline, respectively, through pleural perfusion weekly for 2-4 weeks. Routine and symptomatic treatment was used in all the patients. The therapeutic effects, life quality and toxic side effects were evaluated.

RESULTSThe response rates of groups A and B were 88.23% and 61.7%, respectively, (P < 0.01). The rates of toxic side effects in groups A and B were 39.6% and 41.9%, respectively, (P > 0.05). However, the rates of gastrointestinal side effects of the two groups were 5% and 12.9%, respectively, (P < 0.05). The Karnofsky scores of group A were higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). The survival time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B.

CONCLUSIONPleural perfusion with NDP is a good treatment method with milder toxicity for patients with malignant pleural effusion caused by NSCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drainage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting ; chemically induced

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESurgery is the main therapy for patients with stage II non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but patients still have an unsatisfactory prognosis even though complete resection is usually possible. Adjuvant chemotherapy provides low rates of clinical benefit as well. We retrospectively analyzed prognostic factors of patients with completely resected stage II NSCLC to find patients with unfavorable factors for proper management.

METHODSClinical data of 220 patients with complete resections of stage II NSCLC at the Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center between January 1998 and December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative survival was analyzed by the Kaplan Meier method and compared by log rank test. Prognosis was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTSThe overall 3 and 5 year survival rates were 58.8% and 47.9%, respectively. The 3 and 5 year disease free survival rates were 45.8% and 37.0%, respectively. Of the 220 patients, 86 (39.1%) had recurrence or metastasis. A univariate analysis demonstrated that age (> 55 years), blood type, the presence of symptoms, chest pain, tumor volume (> 20 cm3), total number of removed lymph nodes (> or = 10), number of involved N1 lymph nodes (> or =3 ), total number of removed N2 lymph nodes (> 6), and the ratio of involved N1 lymph nodes (> or = 35%) were significant prognostic factors for 5 year survival. In the multivariate analysis, age (> 55 years), chest pain, tumor volume (> 20 cm3), total number of removed lymph nodes (> or = 10), and number of involved N1 lymph nodes (> or = 3) were independent prognostic factors for 5 year survival.

CONCLUSIONSFor patients with completely resectable stage II NSCLC, having > 55 years, presenting chest pain, tumor volumes > 20 cm3, and > or = 3 involved N1 lymph nodes were adverse prognostic factors, and > or = 10 removed lymph nodes was a favorable one. Patients with poor prognoses might be treated by individual adjuvant therapy for better survival.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chest Pain ; etiology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden

The prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease has improved with advances in hemodialysis techniques. However, many patients who undergo hemodialysis suffer from various types of cancer. Limited data is available to guide clinical management of these patients who may have impaired renal function. Here, we report our experience with the use of irinotecan for the treatment of a hemodialysis patient with small-cell lung cancer and end-stage renal disease.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use ; Camptothecin/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications/*therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis/*methods ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/complications/*drug therapy

PURPOSE : To evaluate the compliance of patients who underwent complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Between January 2004 and May 2006, patients who underwent a complete resection for NSCLC were referred to oncologists for adjuvant chemotherapy. Three or 4 cycles of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy was then performed according to the protocol or the preference of the oncologists. RESULTS : Two hundred and thirty-two patients were enrolled in this study. The median age of the study group was 60.9 years and 76.7 % of the patients enrolled were male. 34.9%, 28.8% and 36.2% of the patients were in stage IB, II and III respectively. In addition, 142 of the patients (61.2%) completed all planned cycles, whereas 65 patients (28%) received no therapy. The causes of start failure for adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of decreased postoperative performance status (n=39), refusal (n=13) and distant metastasis at the initial follow-up (n=2). The causes of cessation during adjuvant chemotherapy included the occurrence of severe adverse effects (n=12), aggravation of the disease with newly developed metastasis (n=4) and others (n=6). The mortality related to the adjuvant chemotherapy was 1.3 % (n=3), all of the fatalities were due to pneumonia and sepsis. Univariate analysis showed that age, postoperative complications and pathologic staging were the significant factors that determined whether the adjuvant chemotherapy was completed. Multivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in compliance when age and pathologic staging were considered. CONCLUSION : Adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected NSCLC was performed with satisfactory compliance in approximately 60% of the patients included in this study, and age plays an important role in the compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy. Elderly subsets will be examined to help determine the effect of age on compliance and outcome. In addition, the medical oncologist tended to complete the adjuvant chemotherapy for more advanced cases of lung cancer than for stage IB lung cancer
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Compliance* ; Disulfiram ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Sepsis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of Aiyishu Injection (AYSI) on cancerous hydrothorax, quality of life (QOF), and cellular immune function of patients.

METHODSSixty late-stage cancer patients accompanied hydrothorax were randomly divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), with thirty patients in each group. After thoracenteses being carried out in all patients for draining off hydropsy, to the patients in EG, AYSI was medicated, 50 ml by intrathoracic and another 50 ml by intravenous injection; while to the patients in CG chemotherapeutic agent or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was given. The same treatment, thoracentesis and medication, was repeated 3 days later. After 4 weeks, the volume of pleural effusion was measured with B-mode ultrasound to evaluate the therapeutic effects of AYSI. QOF, body weight and T-lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe clinical efficacy was significantly higher in EG than that in CG (P < 0.01). Besides, QOF was significantly improved (P < 0.05) and levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ in peripheral blood increased in EG after treatment, which were significantly different to those in CG (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAYSI has definite therapeutic effects on cancerous hydrothorax, it could improve QOF and cellular immune function in patients with cancer.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; drug therapy ; Coleoptera ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Injections ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology