Insulin resistance refers to a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond sufficiently to insulin,leading to impaired glucose uptake and utilization. In recent years,some skin diseases have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome,and insulin resistance is considered to be the most important pathophysiological feature of the metabolic syndrome. Recent literatures have described the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of these skin diseases. This article elucidates the mechanisms of insulin resistance involved in skin diseases.
Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Skin Diseases ; complications

Foot Diseases ; etiology ; Humans ; Scleredema Adultorum ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; complications ; Skin

Actinomycosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cephalexin ; therapeutic use ; Ciprofloxacin ; therapeutic use ; Clindamycin ; therapeutic use ; Coinfection ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Pseudomonas Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Thigh ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Block ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoidosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Skin Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology

This pictorial review aims to illustrate the various manifestations of the diabetic foot on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The utility of MR imaging and its imaging features in the diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis are illustrated. There is often difficulty encountered in distinguishing osteomyelitis from neuroarthropathy, both clinically and on imaging. By providing an accurate diagnosis based on imaging, the radiologist plays a significant role in the management of patients with complications of diabetic foot.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cellulitis ; diagnosis ; Diabetic Foot ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Gangrene ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Skin Diseases ; diagnosis ; Ulcer ; diagnosis

Biomarkers ; analysis ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Liver Function Tests ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Penicillin G ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Skin Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Syphilis, Congenital ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; pathology ; Skin Diseases ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo improve the recognition of the clinical presentation and radiologic manifestation of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with pulmonary involvement.

METHODA retrospective analysis was conducted on children who presented with respiratory symptoms or abnormal lung radiologic findings, and finally diagnosed with LCH in Ward 2 of Divison of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital during the last 4 years.

RESULTFourteen children (10 boys and 4 girls) were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 2.5: 1. The median age was 1.3 years. Pulmonary involvements were coexisted with other involved organs in all the patients, such as skin (10 cases, 71%), liver (8 cases, 57%), and bone involvement (7 cases, 50%). The most common symptoms were cough and fever (7 cases, 50%). Respiratory symptoms were nonspecific, and 3 children had no respiratory symptom but abnormal findings on lung high-resolution CT (HRCT). The most common HRCT finding was the coexistence of nodules and cysts (6 cases, 43%). Other findings include cysts only (5 cases, 36%), nodules only (1 case), and with neither nodule nor cyst (2 cases, 14%). Pneumothorax was found in 7% of children.

CONCLUSIONPulmonary involvement in children with LCH is easily misdiagnosed, and often coexisted with other involved tissues/organs such as skin and liver. Rash, which is easily missed in physical examination is very important for the diagnosis of LCH. The characteristic findings of lung HRCT (nodules and/or cysts) are helpful for diagnosis.

Child ; Cough ; etiology ; Cysts ; Diagnostic Errors ; Exanthema ; etiology ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver ; Lung Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of infections associated with peripheral venous indwelling needles and to explore the best indwelling position in patients with cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of bacteriology. METHODS: A total of 240 hospitalized patients from the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between November 2009 to July 2010 were randomly selected, and were divided into 3 groups according to the indwelling position and the indwelling time: a back of hand group (n=80), a forearm group (n=80) and a foot group (n=80). The above 3 groups were also divided into 4 subgroups according to the indwelling time (T1: 48 h ≤ t < 72 h; T2: 72 h ≤ t ≤ 96 h; T3: 96 h < t ≤ 120 h; and T4: 120 h < t ≤ 168 h) (20 patients in each subgroup). The bacteria of samples from puncture position of the skin were respectively cultured and identified after skin disinfection, needle pulling out and sample puncture from the indwelling needle catheters, respectively. RESULTS: 1) After the skin disinfection, there was no bacterium in the skin samples of puncture position. 2) When the needles were pulled out, there was bacterial growth in the skin samples of puncture position in 41 patients in the 3 groups, and the bacterium was not detected in samples of the 3 groups at T1 and T2 period. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture in the 3 groups at T3 and T4 period (P<0.05). 3) When the needles were pulled out. There was bacterial growth in the samples of indwelling needle catheters in 10 patients in the 3 groups; no bacterium was detected in the back of hand group and the forearm group at T1, T2, T3 and T4 period. In the foot group, there was no bacterium growth in the samples of indwelling needle catheters at T1 and T2 period, but there was bacterial growth in 4 patients at T3 period and in 6 patients at T4 period. There was significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture in the samples of indwelling needle catheters in the 3 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The best indwelling position for peripheral venous indwelling needles is the forearm in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; complications ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Equipment Contamination ; Foot ; microbiology ; Forearm ; microbiology ; Hand ; microbiology ; Humans ; Needles ; Skin ; microbiology ; Veins ; microbiology

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy may influence the skin in various ways from physiologic changes to pathologic dermatoses. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and quantify the distribution and clinical features of dermatoses in pregnant patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 634 pregnant patients who visited the department of dermatology between May, 2006 and November, 2012. The patients' epidemiologic status and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 30.6 and the mean gestational age was 22.3 weeks. They were classified into 3 groups: general dermatoses, pregnancy-specific dermatoses, and physiologic skin change. General dermatoses were observed in 434 patients (68.5%) and infectious disease accounted for 50.0% of them. The most frequent infectious disease was viral infection with herpes zoster (29.5%) and varicella (16.1%). Pregnancy-specific dermatoses were recognized in 177 patients (28.0%). Among them, 96 (54.2%) were diagnosed as atopic eruption of pregnancy and 66 (37.3%) were pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Primigravida, late onset and abdominal involvement were more frequent in patients with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. The prognosis of patients with pregnancy specific dermatoses was good without major fetal problems. Pyogenic granuloma was recorded as the most common physiologic changes encountered. We performed examinations and procedures in only 36.3% of pregnant patients. CONCLUSION: We analyzed the distribution and clinical characteristics observed in pregnant patients with dermatological problems. Dermatologists should be aware of the differences to improve the quality of patient care.
Chickenpox ; Communicable Diseases ; Dermatology ; Gestational Age ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Patient Care ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prognosis ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Skin Diseases