PURPOSE: Neurointerventional radiology procedures often require a long time to perform. Patient radiation dose is an important issue due to the hazards of ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure the peak skin dose (PSD) and effective dose to estimate the deterministic and stochastic effects of a therapeutic interventional neuroradiologic procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cumulative dose (CD) and dose area product (DAP) were automatically recorded by a fluoroscopic machine and collected prospectively between April and November 2015. The study included 54 patients who underwent therapeutic neurointerventional radiology procedures. The CD of each patient was used to estimate the peak skin dose and the DAP was also calculated to estimate the effective dose. RESULTS: The average estimated peak skin dose was 1,009.68 mGy. Two patients received radiation doses of more than 2 Gy, which is the threshold that may cause skin complications and radiation-induced cataract. The average effective dose was 35.32 mSv. The majority of patients in this study (85.2%) who underwent therapeutic neurointerventional radiologic procedures received effective doses greater than 20 mSv. CONCLUSION: Not all therapeutic neurointerventional radiology procedures are safe from deterministic complications. A small number of patients received doses above the threshold for skin complications and radiation induced cataract. In terms of stochastic complications, most neurointerventional radiology procedures in this study were quite safe in terms of radiation-induced cancer.
Cataract ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Effects ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Skin ; Tertiary Healthcare*

BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) exhibits protective effects against ultraviolet (UV)-induced premature skin aging. A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) is produced as a novel and unique functional food that induces HSP70 cellular expression. To elucidate the anti-photoaging potencies of EAS, we examined its effects on HSP70 expression levels in UV-B-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). METHODS: NHDFs were treated with 1 mg/mL of EAS or dextrin (vehicle control) prior to UV-B irradiation (20 mJ/cm). After culturing NHDFs for different time periods, HSP70 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: UV-B-irradiated NHDFs showed reduced HSP70 mRNA levels after 1-6 h of culture, which were recovered after 24 h of culture. Treatment with EAS alone for 24 h increased HSP70 mRNA levels in the NHDFs, but the increase was not reflected in its protein levels. On the other hand, pretreatment with EAS abolished the UV-B irradiation-induced reduction in HSP70 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that EAS is capable to preserve HSP70 quantity in UV-B-irradiated NHDFs. CONCLUSIONS EAS exhibits anti-photoaging potencies by preventing the reduction in HSP70 expression in UV-irradiated dermal fibroblasts.
Asparagus Plant ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Skin Aging ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Telomere ; metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects

To determine whether platelet-rich fibrin lysate (PRF-L) could restore the function of chronically ultraviolet-A (UVA)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we isolated and sub-cultured HDFs from six different human foreskins. HDFs were divided into two groups: those that received chronic UVA irradiation (total dosages of 10 J cm-2) and those that were not irradiated. We compared the proliferation rates, collagen deposition, and migration rates between the groups and between chronically UVA-irradiated HDFs in control and PRF-L-treated media. Our experiment showed that chronic UVA irradiation significantly decreased (p<0.05) the proliferation rates, migration rates, and collagen deposition of HDFs, compared to controls. Compared to control media, chronically UVA-irradiated HDFs in 50% PRF-L had significantly increased proliferation rates, migration rates, and collagen deposition (p<0.05), and the migration rates and collagen deposition of chronically UVA-irradiated HDFs in 50% PRF-L were equal to those of normal fibroblasts. Based on this experiment, we concluded that PRF-L is a good candidate material for treating UVA-induced photoaging of skin, although the best method for its clinical application remains to be determined.
Blood Platelets/*cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Movement/radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation/radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/metabolism ; Fibrin/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Humans ; Skin/*cytology ; Time Factors ; Ultraviolet Rays/*adverse effects

Ultraviolet light(UV)-sensitive disorders refer to a group of diseases due to damages to the nucleotide excision repair mechanism which cannot effectively repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. The inheritance pattern of such diseases, mainly including xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy, is autosomal recessive and known to involve 13 genes. As proteins encoded by such genes are involved in DNA repair and transcription pathways. There is overlap between the symptoms of such diseases, and their genotype - phenotype correlations are quite complex. To facilitate genetic and prenatal diagnosis for such diseases, a summary of the research progress is provided, which mainly focused on mutation research and genotype - phenotype correlation studies. We also propose a strategy for their genetic diagnosis based on recent findings of our group.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Cockayne Syndrome ; genetics ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Trichothiodystrophy Syndromes ; genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of solar infrared ray (IR) radiation on the expressions of c-Jun and collagens I and III in cultured human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and explore the molecular mechanism by which IR radiation causes aging of the skin.

METHODSPrimarily cultured HSFs exposed to IR radiation were examined for changes of the cell viability with MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of c-Jun and collagens I and III was detected with real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSMTT assay showed that IR irradiation caused inhibition of cell proliferation compared with the control cells. The mRNA and protein expression of collagen I was decreased significantly by IR irradiation with the increase of the irradiation dose (P<0.01). HSFs irradiated by IR for 12 h showed a dose-dependent reduction of the expression of collagen type III mRNA and protein (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the expression increased dose-dependently in response to IR exposure for 24 h (P<0.05 or 0.01). IR irradiation enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of c-Jun in a dose-dependence manner (P<0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIR irradiation can increase the expression of c-Jun, inhibit the expression of collagen I, and cause disturbance in collagen III expression in human skin fibroblasts, which may be one of the mechanism of IR radiation to initiate and promote skin photoaging.

Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Infrared Rays ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Skin ; cytology ; Skin Aging ; Ultraviolet Rays

BACKGROUNDCathepsin L (CatL) is a cysteine protease with strong matrix degradation activity that contributes to photoaging. Mannose phosphate-independent sorting pathways mediate ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced alternate trafficking of CatL. Little is known about signaling pathways involved in the regulation of UVA-induced CatL expression and activity. This study aims to investigate whether a single UVA irradiation affects CatL expression and activity and whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway is involved in the regulation of UVA-induced CatL expression and activity in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).

METHODSPrimary HDFs were exposed to UVA. Cell proliferation was determined by a cell counting kit. UVA-induced CatL production and activity were studied with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and fluorimetric assay in cell lysates collected on three consecutive days after irradiation. Time courses of UVA-activated JNK and p38MAPK signaling were examined by Western blotting. Effects of MAPK inhibitors and knockdown of Jun and Fos on UVA-induced CatL expression and activity were investigated by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and fluorimetric assay. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTSUVA significantly increased CatL gene expression, protein abundance, and enzymatic activity for three consecutive days after irradiation (F = 83.11, 56.14, and 71.19, respectively; all P < 0.05). Further investigation demonstrated phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK activated by UVA. Importantly, inactivation of JNK pathway significantly decreased UVA-induced CatL expression and activity, which were not affected by p38MAPK inhibition. Moreover, knockdown of Jun and Fos significantly attenuated basal and UVA-induced CatL expression and activity.

CONCLUSIONSUVA enhances CatL production and activity in HDFs, probably by activating JNK and downstreaming AP-1. These findings provide a new possible molecular approach for antiphotoaging therapy.

Anthracenes ; pharmacology ; Cathepsin L ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Oncogene Proteins v-fos ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Skin ; cytology ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and influential factors for 308 nm excimer laser in the treatment of stable vitiligo patients.
 METHODS: A total of 207 stable vitiligo patients with 1 763 patches were treated with 308 nm excimer laser. Open-label study was carried out to investigate the efficacy and safety regarding the treatment with 308 nm excimer laser, and to compare the response under different conditions including gender, age, duration, lesion location, and hair color.
 RESULTS: After treatment, 560 (31.8%) patches achieved 100% repigmentation, 650 (36.9%) lesions showed 75%-99% repigmentation, 189(10.7%) showed 50%-75% repigmentation, 231(13.1%) showed 25%-49% repigmentation, 108(6.1%) showed 1%-24% repigmentation, 25(1.4%) displayed no response. The rates of total excellent response (50%-100% repigmentation) in underage patients was 86.9%, much higher than that in adult patients (P<0.001). Total excellent response rates was 90.6% in disease duration <2 years, and 40.7% in disease duration ≥2 years. Lesions on the faciocervical region responded better than trunk and limbs, showing 95.4%, 70.3%, and 41.7% total excellent response, respectively. Patients with poliosis showed 54.9% in total excellent response rate, much lower than 84.5% in patients without poliosis(P<0.001). No significant response differences in gender were found.
 CONCLUSION 308 nm excimer laser is effective and safe in treatment of vitiligo. Aging, disease duration, lesion location, and hair color in lesion may be the influential factors for 308 nm excimer laser in treatment of vitiligo patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Extremities ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Face ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Female ; Hair Color ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Skin Pigmentation ; radiation effects ; Torso ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitiligo ; therapy

In the present study, the detrimental effect of beta-emission on pig skin was evaluated. Skin injury was modeled in mini-pigs by exposing the animals to 50 and 100 Gy of beta-emission delivered by 166Ho patches. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical changes in exposed skin were monitored for 18 weeks after beta-irradiation. Radiation induced desquamation at 2~4 weeks and gradual repair of this damage was evident 6 weeks after irradiation. Changes in basal cell density and skin depth corresponded to clinically relevant changes. Skin thickness began to decrease 1 week after irradiation, and the skin was thinnest 4 weeks after irradiation. Skin thickness increased transiently during recovery from irradiation-induced skin injury, which was evident 6~8 weeks after irradiation. Epidermal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) differed significantly between the untreated and irradiated areas. One week after irradiation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was mostly limited to the basal cell layer and scattered among these cells. High levels of COX-2 expression were detected throughout the full depth of the skin 4 weeks after irradiation. These findings suggest that NF-kappaB and COX-2 play roles in epidermal cell regeneration following beta-irradiation of mini-pig skin.
Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/*metabolism ; *Holmium ; Male ; NF-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism/*veterinary ; Skin/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

BACKGROUNDWe showed in our previous study that the N-terminal 17-mer peptide of amyloid precursor protein (APP17-mer peptide), an active peptide segment with trophic and antioxidative effects, protects skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet (UV) damage and downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) expression. The aim of the current study was to explore the protective effects of P165, the N-terminal 5-mer peptide analog of amyloid precursor protein that is resistant to enzymolysis, on UVA-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).

METHODSHDFs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without and with P165 (concentrations were 1, 10, and 100 µmol/L). Then, 15 J/cm(2) UVA irradiation was used to obtain the UV-irradiated model. Cell proliferation was analyzed using MTT kit. The collagen type I and MMP-1 contents in cell lysate were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fluorometric assays were performed to detect the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells.

RESULTSP165 significantly protected the HDFs against UVA-induced cytotoxicity. Compared with the UVA-irradiated control, 1, 10, and 100 µmol/L P165 elevated cell proliferation by 14.98% (P < 0.05), 17.52% (P < 0.01) and 28.34% (P < 0.001), respectively. Simultaneously, 10 and 100 µmol/L P165 increased collagen type I content (both P < 0.05). Moreover, P165 treatment (all concentrations) also markedly suppressed the UVA-induced MMP-1 expression (all P < 0.001). P165 at 1, 10, and 100 µmol/L also reduced UVA-induced ROS generation by 11.27%, 13.69% (both P < 0.05), and 25.48% (P < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSP165 could protect the HDFs against UVA-induced photodamage, including cytotoxicity, and MMP-1 generation. Furthermore, it also increased the collagen type I content in the cells. The inhibitory effect on intracellular ROS generation might be involved in these photoprotective effects. Thus, P165 may be a useful candidate in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Skin ; cytology ; Ultraviolet Rays

In order to research the infrared radiation characteristics of the skin covering Traditional Chinese acupuncture points, which are NeiGuan in the forearm and LaoGong in the center of the palm, we detected continuously the infrared radiation spectra of the human body surface by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that firstly, the differences of the infrared radiation spectra of the human body surface were obvious between individuals. Secondly, the infrared radiation intensity of the human body surface changed with time changing. The infrared radiation intensity in two special wavelength ranges (wavelengths from 6. 79 microm to 6. 85 microm and from 13. 6 microm to 14. 0 microm) changed much more than that in other ranges obviously. Thirdly, the proportions of the infrared radiation spectra changed, which were calculated from the spectra of two different aupuncture points, were same in these two special wavelength ranges, but their magnitude changes were different. These results suggested that the infrared radiation of acupuncture points have the same biological basis, and the mechanism of the infrared radiation in these two special wavelength ranges is different from other tissue heat radiation.
Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infrared Rays ; Male ; Skin ; radiation effects ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared