Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hyperactivity behavior in children aged 3-6 in Yunnan Province, to explore its relationship with neuropsychological development, so as to provide clues for early prevention and intervention of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A total of 1 321 children aged 3 to 6 from 10 kindergartens in 5 prefectures (cities) of Yunnan Province were selected by stratified random sampling method from October 2022 to May 2023. Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) was used to investigate childrens hyperactive behavior and coexistent behavior. A qualified evaluator applied the Developmental Scale for Children Aged 0-6 Years to assess the development of 5 ability areas of gross motor movement，fine movement，adaptive ability，language and social behavior. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ2 test. Binary Logistic regression was applied to analyze the score of their hyperactivity behavior and its relationship with other behavior problems and neuropsychological development. Results: The detection rate of hyperactivity behavior was 8.6% in children aged 3 to 6 years, 12.8% in boys and 4.1% in girls (χ2=31.53, P<0.01). The detection rate of hyperactivity in 3yearold children was 13.9%, which was higher than that in 4yearold (9.2%) and 5yearold children (7.0%) (χ2=8.73, P<0.05). The detection rate of inattentionpassivity of rural children (14.6%) was higher than that of urban children (5.9%) (χ2=22.23, P<0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the level of adaptive development, the lower the risk of hyperactivity (OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.39-0.86), the higher the risk of hyperactivity (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.35-0.91), the higher the risk of conduct problems (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.37-0.87), inattentionpassivity (OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.33-0.74) were also at lower risk (P<0.05). Children with higher levels of fine motor development had a lower risk of inattentionpassivity (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.37-0.93, P<0.05). Conclusions Hyperactivity in boys and inattentionpassivity in rural children requires more attention. It is necessary to strengthen childrens early adaptive ability and fine motor training to prevent hyperactive behavior and inattention.

This study aims to investigate the role and specific mechanisms of HO1 in mitigating lung inflammation after RSV infection.An RSV-infected mouse model was established,and lung tissues were collected for RNA-seq and differential gene expression analysis.HE staining and BALF cell counting were used to observe inflammation in the mouse lung tissues.Changes in HO1 expression were detected through immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and qRT-PCR;inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed using qRT-PCR.HEMIN target proteins were predicted and analyzed by underwent GO and KEGG enrichment test;ROS levels in alveolar epithelial cells were measured using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.Lysosomal changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy.The results demonstrated that HO1 expression was upregulated in the lung tissues of RSV-infected mice.Inducing HO1 expression alleviated lung tissue pathology,and lowered inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels.RSV infection promoted ROS release and accumulation in lung epithelial cells,leading to an increase in autolysosomes.The induction of HO1 expression facilitated ROS clearance and reduced the number of autolysosomes.Therefore,the protective effect of HO 1 against oxidative stress reduces intracellular ROS generation,maintains organelle homeostasis,and reducing inflammatory cytokine IL-6,IL-8 and CXCL-10 levels.