Background::Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods::We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018).Results::Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.77) and overall crystallized intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.54) than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores. The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status. Additionally, maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance, with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking, weekly exercise, and diversified diet. When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle, we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence. Conclusions::Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood, regardless of socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.

Background In the process of greenhouse working, labor intensity is high and repetitive work involves multiple body parts such as limbs, neck, upper back, and lower back. The prevalence and comorbidity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in greenhouse workers are worthy of attention. Objective This study is conducted to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity, as well as potential influencing factors of WMSDs in greenhouse workers. Methods A total of 722 greenhouse workers were selected as the subjects for a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, basic information of the subjects and the prevalence of WMSDs were collected. The participants were divided into low, medium, and high cumulative exposure groups by cumulative exposure index matrix. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of prevalence among different cumulative exposure levels, the correlation between the prevalence of WMSDs in paired sites was calculated as prevalence ratio (PR) by using the log-binomial model, the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs in each group was compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs were evaluated by multi-classification logistic regression model. Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs in the greenhouse workers was 78.7% (568/722). The main affected sites of body were lower back, legs, neck, and shoulders, and associated prevalence rates were 47.6%, 46.0%, 27.1%, and 23.8%, respectively. By constructing a cumulative exposure index matrix, the low, medium, and high cumulative exposure groups contained 121, 196, and 405 workers respectively. The prevalence rates of WMSDs in lower back, legs, or shoulders were significantly different among groups with different exposure levels (P<0.05), and the prevalence rates increased with higher cumulative exposure levels (lower back, \begin{document}${χ} _{{{\rm{trend}}}} ^2$\end{document}=11.144, P<0.05; legs, \begin{document}${χ} _{{{\rm{trend}}}} ^2$\end{document}=6.767, P<0.05; shoulders, \begin{document}${χ} _{{{\rm{trend}}}} ^2$\end{document}=15.666, P<0.05). The results of log-binomial model found that lower back and legs (PR values were 1.57 and 1.43, respectively) as well as neck and shoulders (PR values were 2.00 and 2.07, respectively) among the main affected parts have a strong association with comorbidities. The prevalence of multi-site WMSDs showed that 50.4% of the workers had comorbidity of two or more sites of WMSDs. The results of multi-classification logistic regression analysis indicated that the influencing factors of WMSDs in two sites involved high-level cumulative exposure (OR=2.41, 95%CI: 1.34-4.33) and female (OR=3.27, 95%CI: 2.07-5.16); the influencing factors of WMSDs in three or more sites also included medium-level cumulative exposure (OR=3.78, 95%CI: 1.70-8.39), high-level cumulative exposure (OR=7.34, 95%CI: 3.41-15.80), and female (OR=5.66, 95%CI: 3.48-9.22). Conclusion In this study, the prevalence rates of WMSDs in lower back, legs, neck, and shoulders are high among selected solar greenhouse workers, and WMSDs comorbidity of lower back-legs and neck-shoulders are identified. Greenhouse workers with high cumulative exposure level and female workers report more WMSDs comorbidities in two or more sites.

Background Due to long working time and complex and changeable lighting conditions, greenhouse workers' anisometropia is an issue of concern. Objective This study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between solar greenhouse working and anisometropia of workers. Methods Subjects of a solar greenhouse group and a non-greenhouse group in northwest area of China were selected. Questionnaire survey was used to collect general demographicinformation. Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart (GB 11533—2011) was used to measure naked eye vision before working, the absolute value of binocular visual acuity difference was calculated and converted into classification variables, and both anisometropia absolute value and classification variables of anisometropia were used as indicators to compare the difference of the two groups. A cumulative exposure index that multiplies exposure time and number of greenhouses was further introduced to evaluate cumulative exposure levels of the greenhouse workers and was used to divide them into low, medium, and high cumulative exposure subgroups. Generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to analyze possible risk factors associated with anisometropia. Results A total of 1002 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 739 workers in the greenhouse group and 263 workers in the non-greenhouse group. The medians (interquartile intervals) of anisometropia of the greenhouse group and non-greenhouse group were 0.1 (0, 0.2) and 0 (0, 0.1) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportions of anisometropia=0, ≤0.2, and >0.2 in the greenhouse group were 34.2%, 55.2%, and 10.6%, respectively, and those in the non-greenhouse group were 58.2%, 34.6%, and 7.2%, respectively. The difference of anisometropia distribution between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the cumulative exposure index, the greenhouse group was divided into low, medium, and high cumulative exposure subgroups, with 154 (21.0%), 188 (25.6%), and 392 (53.4%) workers, respectively. There was no statistical significance in anisometropia among workers with different cumulative exposure levels (P>0.05). The results of multiple generalized linear analysis showed that greenhouse working was a risk factor of anisometropia (b=0.053, P<0.05), and the results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that greenhouse working was associated with an increased risk of anisometropia (OR=2.586, 95%CI: 1.473-4.539). The results of multiple generalized linear analysis showed that medium exposure level increased the degree of anisometropia after adjusting age, gender, and other factors (b=0.054, P<0.05). Conclusion Solar greenhouse working may be a risk factor for increasing anisometropia in workers.

Background As a new type of vegetable production method, solar greenhouse has been widely promoted nationwide. The influence of solar greenhouse working on blood lipid cannot be ignored. Objective The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between solar greenhouse working and blood lipid and family clustering. Methods A total of 744 solar greenhouse workers in northwestern China were selected as the greenhouse group, and 231 general open field farmers in the same area were selected as the non-greenhouse group. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) in the two groups were detected. Dyslipidemia was determined by a two-classification criteria in the national guideline of 2007. Multiple logistic regression model and multilevel multiple linear regression model were used to explore the relationship of blood lipid with solar greenhouse working, and its family clustering. Results The number of dyslipidemia cases in the greenhouse group and non-greenhouse group was 142 (19.1%) and 43 (18.6%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age (OR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.001-1.038) and increased BMI (OR=1.162, 95% CI: 1.106-1.220) were related to elevated risk of dyslipidemia (all Ps<0.05). The results of multilevel multiple linear regression model showed that the changes of TC, HDLC, and TG/HDLC had family clustering (b=0.238, 95%CI: 0.132-0.430; b=0.044, 95%CI: 0.033-0.065; b=1.003, 95%CI: 0.947-1.059) (all Ps<0.05). Conclusion Solar greenhouse working does not significantly increase the incidence of dyslipidemia, but the levels of TC, HDLC, and TG/HDLC levels in the solar greenhouse workers have family clusters.

Background The aging of the labor force has become a global trend, and various occupational activities can affect blood biochemical indexes and increase the risk of metabolic diseases. Elderly workers are the main laborers in the solar greenhouse industry, and their blood biochemical indexes need more attention. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the alternation of selected blood biochemical indexes and provide clues for conducting management programs of metabolic diseases in the elderly solar greenhouse workers. Methods The research subjects of the greenhouse group and the non-greenhouse group were selected from a vegetable production base in Northwest China. The elderly workers were selected from a recruited subjects pool for an earlier project by means of matching and non-matching respectively. The matching conditions were gender (consistent), age (±2 years old), body mass index (BMI) (±1 kg·m⁻²), education level (±1 level), smoking (consistent), and drinking (consistent). Routine clinical tests were used to detect serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), fasting blood glucose (GLU), and albumin (ALB), and single-factor and multi-factor analyse were used to identify different indexes in matching and non-matching samples, respectively. The matching and the non-matching samples included 80 pairs of subjects and 327 subjects, respectively. Results In the matching sample set, the greenhouse group's HDLC [(1.61±0.34) mmol·L⁻¹] was lower than the non-greenhouse group's [(2.09±0.37) mmol·L⁻¹] (P<0.05), the level of TG/HDLC in the greenhouse group was (1.17±0.74), higher than that in the non-greenhouse group (0.78±0.47) (P<0.05), and the level of LDLC/HDLC in the greenhouse group was (1.87±0.36), also higher than that in the non-greenhouse group(P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference of the other indexes between the two groups (all Ps>0.05). In the non-matching sample set, the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that solar greenhouse working correlated with decreased HDLC, and increased TG/HDLC and LDLC/HDLC among the elderly workers (all Ps<0.05). Conclusion Solar greenhouse working may correlate with variations of selected blood biochemical indexes in elderly workers, and the occupational health surveillance of elderly workers should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the cleaning status of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments in China, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the standard cleaning process of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments.Methods:61 hospitals in 22 provinces (regions, municipality) in China were selected as the objects of investigation. The on-site treatment, pretreatment and routine cleaning of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments were investigated by questionnaire from November 2019 to January 2020.Results:18.033% (11/61) hospitals had mixed silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments and other instruments intraoperatively, 11.475% (7/61) hospitals didn′t wipe silicone oil and other visible contaminants postoperatively. 18.033% (11/61) hospitals didn′t carry out pretreatment and 4.000% (2/50) hospitals used saline as pretreatment solution; 54.098% (33/61) hospitals were involved in ultrasonic cleaning. 32.787% (20/61) hospitals had water temperature 31-37 ℃ and 4.918% (3/61) hospitals had water temperature>37 ℃during the cleaning process; During pretreatment and routine cleaning, 38.000% (19/50) hospitals and 54.902% (28/51) hospitals selected enzymatic detergent respectively, the contact time between instruments and detergent in specialized hospital was more standardized than that in general hospital ( P<0.001); In flushing, rinsing and final rinsing, there were 29.412% (15/51) hospitals, 11.765% (6/51) hospitals and 3.922% (2/51) hospitals used water that didn′t meet the requirements. 17.647% (9/51) hospitals, 13.725% (7/51) hospitals and 13.725% (7/51) hospitals didn′t record the time of flushing, rinsing and final rinsing. Conclusions:There are still some problems in the cleaning of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments in specialized and general hospitals, such as no on-site treatment and pretreatment, improper control of cleaning parameters, and difficulty in ensuring water quality and water time. It is necessary to formulate the cleaning process specification of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments as soon as possible to ensure the cleaning quality and avoid the occurrence of postoperative eye complications.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for early complications after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 196 patients who underwent laparos-copy-assisted radical gastrectomy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2016 to March 2019 were collected. There were 144 males and 52 females, aged (61±10)years. Observation indicators: (1) early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy and treatment; (2) analysis of risk factors for early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( P25,P75). Count data were represented as absolute numbers. Univariate analysis was conducted using the t test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regressional model. Results:(1) Early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy and treatment: 51 of 196 patients had early postoperative complications, including 7 cases of grade Ⅰ according to Clavien-Dindo classi-fication system, 32 cases of grade Ⅱ, 9 cases of grade Ⅲa, 3 cases of grade Ⅲb. There was no grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ complication. There were 25 cases with abdominal complications, 7 cases with thoracic complications, 3 cases with internal/catheter related complications and 16 cases with other unclassified complications. All patients with complications were improved after symptomatic and supportive treatments. (2) Analysis of risk factors for early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy: results of univariate analysis showed that the lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, radiotherapy, operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, T stage, lymph node metastasis were related factors for early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer ( Z=?2.048, χ2=6.385, 4.168, 8.068, 6.336, 12.497, 7.522, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ≥1.96, operation time ≥222 minutes, and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for early complica-tions after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer ( odds ratio=2.279, 2.245, 2.226, 95% confidence interval as 1.149-4.519, 1.116-4.517, 1.125-4.402, P<0.05). Conclusions:The abdominal complications are the most common early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥1.96, operation time ≥222 minutes, and lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors for early complications after laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics of genetic variation and prenatal diagnosis in pedigrees with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and elucidate the value of prenatal diagnosis in preventing the birth of children with X-ALD.Methods:Twenty pedigrees, clinically diagnosed with X-ALD in Peking University First Hospital from November 2012 and March 2019, were included in this retrospective study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and amniotic fluid or chorionic villi samples of probands and their families for detecting variants in ATP-binding cassette subfamily D member 1 ( ABCD1) gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Sanger sequencing. Linkage analysis was also performed on five microsatellite markers near ABCD1 gene to exclude maternal contamination. Characteristics of ABCD1 gene variants and prenatal diagnosis of X-ALD pedigrees were summarized by descriptive statistics. Results:Twenty ABCD1 gene variants were identified in the 20 pedigrees. The variants in three probands that were not detected by next-generation sequencing were identified by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Among the mothers of the 20 probands, 17 carried ABCD1 variants and three did not. We performed 24 prenatal diagnoses on 20 pregnancies (24 fetuses) and identified eight fetuses with variants who were finally terminated. The 16 cases without variants were born alive. The validation results obtained after termination or delivery were consistent with those performed prenatally. Conclusions:No hotspot variants in ABCD1 gene are detected in these X-ALD patients and most variants are maternally inherited. PCR-Sanger sequencing is an effective method for detecting ABCD1 variants. Prenatal diagnosis for mothers who had a body with X-ALD could prevent another one from birth.

Objective:To explore the effect of refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs) on the serum Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels in Wistar rats.Methods:In October 2020, 96 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (equal volume of normal saline) , low-dose group (5 mg/ml RCFs) , medium-dose group (10 mg/ml RCFs) and high-dose group (20 mg/ml RCFs) , and subjected to non-exposure tracheal instillation. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, the rats were instilled with 200 μl of RCFs suspension or normal saline, once every 3 days for a total of 4 times. At 7, 14, 28, and 90 days after exposure, 6 rats were sacrificed by blood sampling through the abdominal aorta. The organs were separated, histopathological changes of lungs were observed and lung injury scores were performed. The contents of serum CC16 and SP-D were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results:RCFs could cause inflammatory cells in rat lung tissues, widening of the lung septum and destruction of alveolar structure. 7 days after exposure, the lung injury scores of rats in each dose group were higher than control group, and the lung injury score of the high-dose group was higher than low-dose group ( P<0.05) . 14 and 90 days after exposure, the lung injury scores of the medium-dose and high-dose groups were higher than control group ( P<0.05) . 28 days after exposure, the lung injury score of the high-dose group was higher than control group ( P<0.05) . 7 days after exposure, the serum CC16 and SP-D concentrations of rats in the medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than control and low-dose groups ( P<0.05) . 28 days after exposure, the serum CC16 concentrations of rats in the low-dose and medium-dose groups were significantly lower than those of the control and high-dose groups ( P<0.05) . After 90 days of exposure, the serum CC16 concentrations of rats decreased with the increase of the exposure dose ( F=28.853, P<0.01) , and the concentrations of SP-D increased with the increase of the exposure dose ( F=25.636, P<0.01) . Conclusion:RCFs exposure may cause certain damage to rat Clara cells and alveolar-capillary barrier. The severity of lung injury can be indirectly understood through the dynamic changes of serum CC16 and SP-D.

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs) , as the main substitute for asbestos, are widely used because of their high temperature resistance and good thermal insulation. In the air of its production and use places, RCFs are inhalable fibers that are easy to deposit in the lungs. The results of a number of epidemiological studies and a variety of toxicological methods have shown that RCFs are related to the occurrence of lung diseases. This article reviews the four aspects of RCFs-induced pleural thickening, pulmonary fibrosis, lung function damage, tumor and genetic damage, and looks forward to the prospects of RCFs on respiratory system damage related research.