The chloroplast genome encodes many key proteins involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, and metabolites synthesized in chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development. Root-UVB (ultraviolet radiation B)-sensitive (RUS) family proteins composed of highly conserved DUF647 domain belong to chloroplast proteins. They play an important role in the regulation of various life activities such as plant morphogenesis, material transport and energy metabolism. This article summarizes the recent advances of the RUS family proteins in the growth and development of plants such as embryonic development, photomorphological construction, VB6 homeostasis, auxin transport and anther development, with the aim to facilitate further study of its molecular regulation mechanism in plant growth and development.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Biological Transport ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Embryonic Development ; Plant Development/genetics*

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that are commonly characterized by chronic joint synovial inflammation with unknown etiology in childhood.It is cu-rrently incurable and the main therapeutic goal is to achieve clinical remission.The drugs currently used to treat JIA mainly include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological agents.In this article, recent advances in the understanding of JIA treatment and related clinical research were reviewed, in an attempt to provide prospects for the future direction of drug development and treatment concepts.

Anthocyanins are widely distributed water-soluble pigments that not only give the fruit colorful appearances, but also are important sources of natural edible pigments. In recent years, the interest on anthocyanins of solanaceous vegetables is increasing. This paper summarized the structure of anthocyanins and its biosynthetic pathway, the structural genes and regulatory genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in solanaceous vegetables, as well as the environmental factors affecting the biosynthesis. This review may help clarify the synthesis and regulation mechanism of anthocyanins in solanaceous vegetables and make better use of anthocyanins for quality breeding of fruit colors.
Anthocyanins/metabolism* ; Fruit/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Breeding ; Vegetables/genetics*

Optimization efforts were devoted to discover novel PDE10A inhibitors in order to improve solubility and pharmacokinetics properties for a long-term therapy against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) starting from the previously synthesized inhibitor

Objective:To discuss the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 68 cases of pelvic lipomatosis confirmed by operation or imaging in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2018 was made to summarize the characteristics of ultrasonic manifestations.Results:Ultrasonographic findings were as follows: 6 cases (8.8%) had increased fat-like hyperecho in pelvic cavity; 60 cases (88.2%) had abnormal bladder; 42 cases (61.7%) had pyelectasis and 24 cases (35.3%) had ureterectasis. Of the 68 cases, 6 cases (8.8%) were correctly diagnosed; 54 cases (79.4%) were missed; 8 cases (11.8%) were misdiagnosed, including 7 cases (10.3%) of bladder tumor and 1 case (1.5%) of retroperitoneal giant mass.Conclusions:Pelvic lipomatosis has characteristic sonographic features.When urinary tract obstruction and bladder wall thickening are observed, pelvic lipomatosis should be considered. Bladder shape and existence of increasing fat-like hyperecho in the pelvis should be further scanned to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of pelvic lipomatosis.

Objective: To analyze the situation of AIDS knowledge and discrimination among freshmen in Chengdu city, and to explore possible effects of AIDS knowledge on discrimination. Methods: A cluster random sampling was employed to investigate 1 053 college students from 11 universities in Chengdu about their HIV/AIDS knowledge and discrimination. The scores of AIDS knowledge and discrimination of students with different characteristics were analyzed, and the influence path of AIDS knowledge on AIDS discrimination were further analyzed based on different peer relationships. Results: The total scores of AIDS knowledge was negatively correlated to AIDS discrimination( r s =-0.13, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the total score of AIDS knowledge was associated with the total score of AIDS discrimination( β =-0.12, P <0.01). AIDS knowledge played a role in AIDS discrimination in intimate, general and unfamiliar peer relationships, with standardized path coefficients of -0.20, -0.24 and -0.18 respectively( P <0.01). Conclusion AIDS knowledge are correlated with discrimination among freshmen under different peer relationships. More anti-AIDS discrimination courses should be added to AIDS education to reduce the students’ fear and stigma of HIV/AIDS patients and related risk groups.

Objective: To investigate the effects of definitive repair surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 181 patients with bile duct injury caused by LC for benign gallbladder diseases who underwent definitive repair surgery and 50 patients without complications after LC for benign gallbladder diseases in the Mianyang Central Hospital from January 2000 to December 2017 were collected. There were 82 males and 99 females of 181 patients with bile duct injury, aged from 31 to 68 years, with an average age of 47 years. Definitive repair surgery was performed according to different types of bile duct injury, and questionnaire of HRQOL was conducted preoperatively and one year after operation. There were 18 males and 32 females of 50 patients without complications after LC, aged from 35 to 69 years, with an average age of 41 years. Questionnaire of HRQOL was conducted on LC patients without complications one year after operation. Observation indicators: (1) classification of bile duct injury; (2) intraoperative situations of definitive repair surgery; (3) postoperative situations of definitive repair surgery; (4) follow-up; (5) results of the SF-36 scale assessment. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to December 2018. Patients were reexamined liver function and color Doppler ultrasonography once every 6-12 months, and further magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or computed tomography examination to detect recurrence of anastomotic biliary stricture and cholangitis. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the paired t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range), and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results: (1) Classification of bile duct injury: of the 181 patients with bile duct injury, there were 64 cases of E1 type, 70 cases of E2 type, 35 cases of E3 type, 9 cases of E4 type, and 3 cases of E5 type. (2) Intraoperative situations of definitive repair surgery: all the 181 patinets with bile duct injury underwent definitive repair surgery successfully, including 61 undergoing end-to-end biliary anastomosis, 109 undergoing Roux-en-Y choledojejunostomy, 11 undergoing hemi-hepatectomy combined with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. There were 52 patients combined with hilar cholangioplasty. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 181 patients were (190±126) minutes and 601.5 mL (range, 150.0-2 100.0 mL). There were 24 cases with blood transfusion and 18 cases with T-tube stent. (3) Postoperative situations of definitive repair surgery: 40 of 181 patients had complications, including 14 cases of incisional infection, 10 cases of bile leakage, 8 cases of perihepatic effusion, 7 cases of pulmonary infection, and 1 case of abdominal hemorrhage. The patient with postoperative abdominal hemorrhage underwent reoperation for hemostasis, and other patients with complications were cured after ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage or conservative treatment. Duration of postoperative hospital stay of 181 patients with bile duct injury was 12.6 days (range, 6.0-34.0 days). There was no perioperative death occurred. (4) Follow-up: 157 of 181 patients were followed up for 8.2-201.3 months, with a median follow-up time of 92.7 months. Twenty-eight patients had anastomotic stricture recurred, 16 of which were treated with reoperation, 10 were treated with endoscopic stent implantation, and 2 cases were treated with balloon dilatation in interventional department; the stricture was repaired again in all cases. Thirteen patients had recurrent cholangitis, showing no obvious anastomotic stricture on MRCP, and symptoms can be effectively controlled after conservative treatment. (5) Results of the SF-36 scale assessment: 181 patients with bile duct injury completed the SF-36 scales before definitive repair surgery, and 157 completed one year after definitive repair surgery. All the 50 patients without complications completed SF-36 scales one year after LC. The scores of HRQOL in physiological function, role functioning, somatic pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional function, mental health, the scores of physical component summary, and mental component summary of 181 patients with bile duct injury before surgery were 79±15, 65±12, 40±17, 42±14, 59±20, 27±15, 48±23, 56±22, 60±11, and 56±11, respectively. The above indices one year after definitive repair surgery were 87±10, 78±15, 71±20, 64±20、68±19, 70±25, 67±21, 69±23, 71±13, 68±15, respectively. The above indices of 50 patients without complications one year after LC were 90±13, 81±20, 87±16, 72±20, 73±15, 86±17, 79±22, 77±19, 82±18, 79±18, respectively. The 181 patients with bile duct injury had significant elevation in above indices one year after definitive repair surgery (t=2.051, 2.016, 3.875, 3.014, 2.563, 3.225, 2.964, 2.357, 2.150, 2.203, P<0.05). The 50 patients without complications also had significant elevation in above indices one year after definitive repair surgery (t=2.817, 2.206, 3.641, 3.112, 3.202, 3.310, 3.011, 2.899, 2.150, 2.118, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the general health and mental health one year after definitive repair surgery between 181 patients with bile duct injury and 50 patients without complications (t=2.014, 2.011, P<0.05), and no significant difference in the physiological function, role functioning, somatic pain, vitality, social function, or emotional function between the two groups (t=0.852, 0.915, 0.907, 1.102, 1.284, 1.120, 0.863, 1.109, P>0.05). Conclusion Definitive repair surgery can significantly improve HRQOL in patients with bile duct injury caused by LC.

Objective: To study hemihepatectomy combined with a circular-stretching suturing technique in bile duct anastomosis in treatment of high level bile duct injuries (BDI). Methods: From January 2000 to January 2018, eleven patients with high level BDI caused by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were treated in Mianyang Central Hospital with hemihepatectomy combined with a circular-stretching suturing technique in the bile duct anastomosis. The hilar confluence was involved in all these patients. A total of six patients had combined right hepatic artery injury with 1 having associated right portal vein injury. A total of five patients had developed right liver atrophy. The median time interval from LC to hepatectomy was 17.0(2.0~61.0) months. The number of previously attempted biliary repairs was 1~4 times (median 2 times). The bile duct anastomosis was performed by the circular-stretching suturing technique. Results: There was no perioperative death. One patient underwent left hemihepatectomy and 10 patients right hemihepatectomy. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was carried out in 9 patients, and bile duct end-to-end anastomosis in 2 patients. The operation time was (245.9±87.4) min, intraoperative blood loss (655.7±413.6) ml, and the median postoperative hospital stay 12.0(7.0~29.0) days. Five patients developed complications. The median follow-up was 47.0(15.0~89.0) months. One patient developed anastomotic stenosis and 1 patient had cholangitis. The remaining 9 patients were well. Conclusion After adequate preoperative preparation, patients who were treated with hemihepatectomy combined with the circular-stretching suturing technique for bile duct anastomosis to treat high level BDI achieved good results.

Objective: To screen and identify the mutations in Kawasaki disease by targeted enrichment of genomic region sequencing technique and investigate susceptibility genes associated with coronary artery lesion. Method: This was a case-control study.A total of 114 patients diagnosed as Kawasaki disease treated in Shanghai Children′s Hospital between December 2015 and November 2016 were studied and another 45 healthy children who were physically examined in outpatient department were enrolled as control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of echocardiogram. Peripheral venous blood was obtained from patients and controls. Genomic DNA was extracted. SeqCap EZ Choice libraries were prepared by targeted enrichment of genomic region technology. Then the libraries were sequenced to identify susceptibility genes associated with coronary artery lesion in patients diagnosed as Kawasaki disease.Susceptible genes were identified by Burden test, Pearson chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability test. Result: There was statistically significant difference in TNFRSF11B(rs2073618)G>C(p.N3K)mutation and GG/GC/CC genotype between Kawasaki disease group and control group(χ²=15.52, P=0.00). There was statistically significant difference in TNFRSF13B(rs34562254)C>T(p.P251L)mutation(χ²=10.40, P=0.01)and LEFTY1(rs360057)T>G(p.D322A)mutation(χ²=8.505, P=0.01)between patients with coronary artery lesions and those without. Conclusion Targeted enrichment of genomic region sequencing technology can be used to do primary screening for the susceptible genes associated with coronary artery lesions in Chinese Kawasaki patients and may provide theoretical basis for larger sample investigation of risk prediction score standard in Kawasaki disease.

IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a common systemic small-sized vessel vasculitis.It's characterized by non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura,arthralgia/arthritis,bowel angina,and nephritis,but some details of etiology and pathogenesis is not very clear.The disease course is usually benign and self-limited,however,it is necessary to discuss the therapy of severe or chronic cases,especially there is not enough evidence-based basis for using key drugs to IgAV.Excellent clinical trails is expected to establish scientific system of prediction and evaluation of disease course,which will be helpful to individualize treatment of IgAV.