Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of insecure adult attachment and tact (nunchi) on the relationship between life stress and college adjustment in Korean college students.
Methods: A total of 170 college students were recruited into this study and were asked to participate in an online survey. By using SPSS/WIN 24.0, Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships among the variables. The mediating effects were examined by using PROCESS Macro for SPSS Ver. 3.14 model 6.
Results: There were significant correlations among the four main variables of this study - insecure adult attachment, nunchi, life stress, and college adjustment. Insecure adult attachment and nunchi mediated the relationship between life stress and college adjustment in college students.
Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, various evidence-based programs can be developed to improve college adjustment and decrease life stress in college students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of insecure adult attachment and tact (nunchi) on the relationship between life stress and college adjustment in Korean college students.
Methods: A total of 170 college students were recruited into this study and were asked to participate in an online survey. By using SPSS/WIN 24.0, Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships among the variables. The mediating effects were examined by using PROCESS Macro for SPSS Ver. 3.14 model 6.
Results: There were significant correlations among the four main variables of this study - insecure adult attachment, nunchi, life stress, and college adjustment. Insecure adult attachment and nunchi mediated the relationship between life stress and college adjustment in college students.
Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, various evidence-based programs can be developed to improve college adjustment and decrease life stress in college students.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess hospital nurses' knowledge, importance and performance in keeping nursing records.METHODS: The research design was a descriptive study. The sample for this study was 186 nurses with at least one year of work experience at a hospital with more than 800 beds in Seoul. Knowledge was self-reported using the Nurse Charting Knowledge Scale. Importance and performance were rated on a 4-point scale of 26 items. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program and IPA.RESULTS: This study showed significant results that knowledge, importance and performance for keeping record are related to each other. The importance and performance of nurse's records were relatively higher than the mean. In the IPA Matrix, there were 2 items requiring improvement, 13 items requiring maintenance, and 11 items with low priority.CONCLUSION: Therefore, awareness of the importance of record keeping and continuous education on nursing record knowledge should be provided so that nurses can improve their record keeping skills.
Education ; Nursing Records ; Nursing ; Research Design ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of lower respiratory tract infection. The rapid antigen test is a simple, cheap, and quick method for RSV detection, however, it has an acknowledged low sensitivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the rapid antigen test by comparing it with a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). METHODS: A total of 557 nasopharyngeal aspirates or swabs that were submitted for both a rapid antigen test, Binax NOW RSV (Binax; Alere Scarborough, Inc., USA) and multiplex RT-PCR, Seeplex RV7 (Seegene Inc., Korea) were included in this study. We performed both tests according to the manufacturer's recommendations and analyzed the diagnostic performances of a rapid antigen tests based on the results of multiplex RT-PCR. RESULTS: Among the 557 specimens, the positive rates determined from the rapid antigen test and multiplex RT-PCR were 12.2% (N=68) and 25.1% (N=140), respectively. The relative sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen test were 46.4% and 99.3% based on the multiplex RT-PCR, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 95.6% and 84.7%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity was lower (28.6%) in children >36 months compared with children < or =36 months of age. Test sensitivity declined when RSV infection was accompanied by infection with other respiratory viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Binax NOW RSV exhibited good diagnostic performance, easy handling, and rapidity. However, it does have the possibility of false-negative results, and additional tests are needed when there is clinical suspicion of RSV infection.
Child ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the level of self-care and related factors such as perceived health status, family support, stress related to diabetes mellitus, self-efficacy, depression, situational influence and glycemic control level in young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: For this study, data were collected and individual interviews were conducted from June 1 to July 16, 2012, with 149 young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes at Korea University Anam Hospital. RESULTS: The mean score of self-care evaluated in terms of dietary control, medication administration, physical exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose and general healthcare was 63.68 points (20 to 100). The mean scores of various factors related to self-care were as follows: The mean score of perceived health status was 8.90 points (3 to 15), family support was 37.75 points (12 to 48), stress related to diabetes mellitus was 44.61 points (17 to 85), self-efficacy was 26.06 points (10 to 40),depression was 10.19 points (0 to 63) and situational influence was 10.89 points (6 to 24). The most important factors related to self-care were predicted as 45% by self-efficacy and 48% added situational influence. According to age, the most important factors related to self-care were predicted as 77% by self-efficacy in the 20 to 29 age group, 52% by stress related to diabetes mellitus in the 30~39 age group, and 43% by self-efficacy in the 40 to 49 age group. CONCLUSION: To improve self-care of young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention that is useful in strengthening self-efficacy, situational influence and stress related to diabetes.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exercise ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Self Care*

BACKGROUND: The tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCVPTC) is more aggressive than classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the percentage of tall cells needed to diagnose TCVPTC remains controversial. In addition, little is known about the clinicopathologic features of classic PTC with tall cell features (TCF). METHODS: We retrospectively selected and reviewed the clinicopathologic features and presence of the BRAF mutation in 203 cases of classic PTC, 149 cases of classic PTC with TCF, and 95 cases of TCVPTCs, which were defined as PTCs having <10%, 10-50%, and > or =50% tall cells, respectively. RESULTS: TCVPTCs and classic PTCs with TCF did not vary significantly in clinicopathologic characteristics such as pathologic (p) T stage, extrathyroidal extension, pN stage, lateral lymph node metastasis, or BRAF mutations; however, these features differed significantly in TCVPTCs and classic PTCs with TCF in comparison to classic PTCs. Similar results were obtained in a subanalysis of patients with microcarcinomas (< or =1.0 cm in size). CONCLUSIONS: Classic PTCs with TCF showed a similar BRAF mutation rate and clinicopathologic features to TCVPTCs, but more aggressive characteristics than classic PTCs.
Classification ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in diverse biological functions and carcinogenesis by inhibiting specific gene expression. We previously reported that suppression of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) by using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach has an antitumor effect in several cancer cells. We here examined the influence of ANT2 on expression of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to further elucidate the tumor-suppressive mechanism of ANT2 shRNA. We first carried out screening for miRNAs, whose expression is regulated by ANT2 suppression in the Hep3B HCC cell line using miRNA microarrays. Validation of candidate miRNAs was done by incorporating clinical samples, and their effects on the tumorigenesis of HCC were studied in vitro and in vivo. miR-636 was one of the miRNAs whose expression was highly upregulated by ANT2 suppression in miRNA microarray analysis, as confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Notably, miR-636 was markedly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with matched non-neoplastic liver in clinical samples. Restoration of miR-636 in Hep3B cells led to significant reduction of cell proliferation and colony formation. miR-636 restoration resulted in a decreased level of Ras, one of the putative targets of miR-636, and inactivation of its signaling pathway. Moreover, tumorigenesis was efficiently suppressed by miR-636 in an in vivo tumor xenograft model of HCC. The data suggest that miR-636 might function as a tumor suppressor miRNA affecting HCC tumorigenesis via downregulation of Ras, and that ANT2 suppression by shRNA could exert an anticancer effect by restoring miR-636 expression in HCC.
Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2/*metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*genetics/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/pathology ; Down-Regulation/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Stem Cell Assay ; Up-Regulation/genetics ; ras Proteins/*genetics/metabolism

BACKGROUND: Through differentiation processes, keratinocytes provide a physical barrier to our bodies and control skin features such as moisturization, wrinkles and pigmentation. Keratinocyte differentiation is disturbed in several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the keratinocyte differentiation-enhancing effect of rose absolute oil (RAO). METHODS: Primary cultured human normal keratinocytes were treated with RAO, and differentiation then checked by the expression of marker genes. RESULTS: RAO did not induce cytotoxicity on cultured keratinocytes at a dose of 10microM. The level of involucrin, an early marker for keratinocyte differentiation, was significantly increased by RAO. Concomitantly, RAO increased involucrin promoter activity, indicating that RAO increased involucrin gene expression at the mRNA level. Furthermore, RAO increased the level of filaggrin in cultured keratinocytes, and in the granular layer of mouse skin. In line with these results, RAO decreased the proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. When RAO was applied topically on the tape-stripped mouse skins, it accelerated the recovery of disturbed barrier function. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RAO may be applicable for the control of skin texture and keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Keratinocytes ; Mice ; Pigmentation ; Protein Precursors ; Psoriasis ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

Tumor migration/invasion is the main cause of tumor progression and STAT3 is needed to enhance tumor migration/invasion by up-regulating MMP-9. Thus, agents that inhibit STAT3 activation may be used as an anticancer drug. We present herein that 6-methyl-2-propylimino-6, 7-dihydro-5H-benzo [1, 3]-oxathiol- 4-one (LYR71) , a derivative of trimeric resveratrol, has an anticancer activity through inhibition of STAT3 activation. We found that LYR71 suppressed STAT3 activation and inhibited the expression and activity of MMP-9 in RANTES-stimulated breast cancer cells. In addition, LYR71 reduced RANTES-induced MMP-9 transcripts by blocking STAT3 recruitment, dissociating p300 and deacetylating histone H3 and H4 on the MMP-9 promoter. Furthermore, LYR71 inhibited tumor migration/invasion in RANTES-treated breast cancer cells and consequently blocked tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that LYR71 can be therapeutically useful due to the inhibition effect of STAT3-mediated MMP-9 expression in breast cancer cells.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Female ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Humans ; Imines/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology/prevention & control ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Structure ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Stilbenes/chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods

PURPOSE: The 3rd molar extraction of mandible is common in out-patient office of oral and maxillofacial surgery. And it is dynamic minor operation with changes of vital signs. most of patients are already sensitive about their dental treatment. The changes of emotion are reached to the highest level when patients is laid down to be treated on unit chair. It can be induced to undesirable accidents as to this fear. The undesirable complications are nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, dyspnea, syncope, shock and so on. The severe changes of vital signs may influence their behavior and make serious medical malpractice or suit such as fracture of dental instruments and injury of proximal area. METHOD AND PATIENTS: A total of 99 selected normal patients were reviewed. Among this, 70 patients(43 men , 27 women with statistical significance) were included in this study. Each steps(pre-anesthesis, 5 minutes after anesthesis, just after mucogingival incision, just after tooth section, just after suture and gauze biting) were investigated for a change of a vital signs. It is analyzed to 2 categories, "Means"and "Tendency". The "Means"is the amount of vital signs changed in comparison with pre-step during operation. That means is the amount of vital changes by each step operation. Next, "Tendency"is changes of vital signs in comparison with step1 during operation. RESULT: This is the changing tendency of vital signs with time. That is active effect of fear and pain. Thus this "Means" and "Tendency"will present a sudden changes of vital signs and it can lead to more safe treatment. CONCLUSION: Thus, the purpose of this study is, through careful operation in each step, to less on patients' complication and increase trust between patient and OMFS. This study is a first article shown with the amount of "Means"and "Tendency" in vital signs, when a third molar of mandible is extracted. This study will be base study of patients with general diseases, because it selected only patients without general diseases.
Dental Instruments ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Male ; Malpractice ; Mandible* ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Nausea ; Outpatients ; Shock ; Surgery, Oral ; Sutures ; Syncope ; Tooth ; Vital Signs* ; Vomiting