Scientific and rigorous selection of theories,models or frameworks is the premise of high-quality nursing research.This work introduces the development process,basic information,application in nursing of T-CaST(Theory Comparison and Selection Tool,T-CaST),and shows the specific application process of this tool through examples,to provide evaluation methods for nursing scholars to choose appropriate guiding theories in the research process,and has guiding significance for developing high-quality nursing research under the guidance of theories,models or frameworks.

BACKGROUND:Due to the small number of autologous bone sources and the risk of immune rejection and disease spread caused by the use of allogeneic bone,artificial bone materials have played an irreplaceable role in bone transplantation today.Along with functional customization,biocompatibility requirements,and the emergence of biodegradable materials,a variety of biomaterials and a variety of preparation methods have emerged. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the preparation methods of scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering,and the advantages and disadvantages,research status and progress of various preparation methods. METHODS:A computer search was conducted on CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and ScienceDirect databases for literature related to bone tissue engineering scaffold from January 2008 to August 2023.Chinese and English search terms were"tissue engineering,bone scaffold,gas foaming,cryotropic gelation,additive manufacturing".After excluding irrelevant and repetitive studies,a total of 80 articles were retained for summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the traditional preparation process of scaffolds,the emerging additive manufacturing and electrospinning technologies have shown great potential in the production of complex structures such as bone and cartilage for tissue engineering in recent years,demonstrating enormous potential.(2)In addition to the advantages of speed,precision and the range of materials used,additive manufacturing methods also provide the feasibility of manufacturing highly complex geometry and topologically optimized structures,achieving precise adjustment and high repeatability of the structure.(3)Electrospinning is one of the most adaptable and promising technologies for the production of a series of fiber mats.The nanofiber scaffolds produced by electrospinning are biomaterials with surprisingly similar microstructures to the cytoplasmic matrix.(4)At present,hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are the best in ceramic materials,and there are a variety of materials in polymer materials,with excellent biocompatibility.(5)Therefore,the selection of materials should be based on a better understanding of their properties,avoiding complexity,and producing more enhanced scaffolds.However,most of the literature reports so far are exploratory in terms of clinical applicability,and the specific diseases for which they are suitable for treatment remain to be tested.The future development of bone scaffolds is reflected in the following aspects:mechanical properties matching the missing bone,controllable degradation rate,strong ability to promote bone regeneration,and specific functions.

Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological process of chronic liver injury. Without timely intervention and treatment， liver fibrosis may eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Based on this， this paper summarized and analyzed the mechanism and effects of active ingredients and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine improving liver fibrosis based on JAK/STAT signaling pathway. It is found that the active ingredients and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis （ingredients such as ethanol extract of Euonymus alatus and paclitaxel， as well as compounds such as Ershiwuwei songshi pill and Ganfukang）， clear away heat and toxic material （ingredients such as betulinic acid， total flavonoids from Persicaria perfoliata， as well as compounds such as Pianzaihuang and Kehuang capsules）， and sooth the liver and promote qi circulation （ingredients such as fraxetin and cucurbitacin B， as well as compounds such as Chaihu shugan powder and Xiaochaihu decoction） can all relieve liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， reducing inflammatory reactions， and inhibiting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.

Objective:To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) proliferation, migration, and hepatocyte proliferation.Methods:Eighteen male C57BL/6 mouse aged 6-8 weeks old were underwent partial hepatectomy. Cell proliferation and HO-1 expression in residual liver tissue were detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry at 0 d, 2 d and 4 d after operation. In vitro, LSECs were transfected with adenovirus carrying HO-1 gene (HO-1 group), and the cells were transfected with empty vector adenovirus and the non-transfected cells were used as control. In addition, LSECs from different transfection groups were co-cultured with hepatocyte without contact to evaluate the effect of HO-1 expression on promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Western Blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1, inhibitor of DNA binding and or differentiation (Id1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Wnt2. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU. The ability of cell migration was detected by Transwell migration assay.Results:Compared with 0 d after hepatectomy, LSECs proliferation and HO-1 expression within LSECs were increased significantly at 4 d after surgery. EdU positive rate of LSECs in HO-1 group (27.20±4.80)% was higher than that in empty vector group (12.47±3.30)% and non-transfected group (15.97±2.50)%. The number of LSECs migration in HO-1 group (258.70±36.56) was higher than that in empty vector group (122.00±38.16) and non-transfected group (107.70±30.01). The protein and mRNA expression level of HO-1, Id1, HGF and Wnt2 in HO-1 group were higher than that in empty vector group and non-transfected group. EdU positive rate of hepatocytes that co-cultured with LSECs in HO-1 group (18.33±2.52) % was higher than that in empty vector group (11.33±1.53)% and non-transfected group (11.7±2.08)%. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Up-regulation of HO-1 promoted LSECs proliferation and migration of, as well as up-regulation of HO-1 in LSECs enhanced the capacity of LSECs to promote hepatocyte proliferation.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk prediction model of anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients after surgery.Methods:The research related to the risk prediction model of anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery was comprehensively searched in Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Wanfang Data, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Wed of Science and Cochrane Library. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 30, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the article and extracted information, and used the bias risk and applicability assessment tools of the prediction model study to assess the risk bias.Results:A total of 10 articles were included. The predictors with high frequency in the prediction model included were gender, tumor location, body mass index, preoperative albumin and new adjuvant therapy. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.63 to 0.98. The risk of bias in the included studies was mainly caused by the type of study and data analysis.Conclusions:The study on the risk prediction model of anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery is still in the development stage. Future researchers can refer to the common predictive factors summarized in this study and select appropriate methods to develop and verify the prediction model of anastomotic leakage in combination with clinical practice, so as to identify the risk of anastomotic leakage of patients as early as possible and give targeted preventive measures.

Obesity and its associated complications are highly related to a current public health crisis around the world. A growing body of evidence has indicated that G-protein coupled bile acid (BA) receptor TGR5 (also known as Gpbar-1) is a potential drug target to treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders. We have identified notoginsenoside Ft1 (Ft1) from

Objective:To establish and evaluate the effect of graded training mode of clinical nutrition nursing in general hospital.Methods:A clinical nutrition nursing group was established, including core management group, quality control group, education and training group and liaison nurse group. Hierarchical training and practice of clinical nutrition nursing was conducted throughout the hospital, and effect of training was evaluated.Results:The nurses' nutrition knowledge increased from (66.60±9.72) to (85.06±7.85) points, nutrition attitude increased from (72.38±5.55) to (92.50±5.10) points, nutrition behavior increased from (66.87 ± 6.83) to (88.76 ± 7.60) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -15.520, -11.128, -12.238, P<0.01). The nutritional risk screening rate and nutritional intervention rate of patients were improved to 100%, and the academic level of nurses in nutritional nursing was further improved. Conclusion:The application of graded training mode of clinical nutrition nursing can improve nurses' nutritional knowledge and skills, improve nurses' professional and academic level, and improve patient clinical outcomes.

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a positive role in maintaining microcirculation of the liver to achieve liver homeostasis, and they also mediate a balance between regeneration and fibrosis in the process repair of liver injury. After acute liver injury, LSECs are the regulators of liver regeneration, while in chronic injury, abnormally activated LSECs promote development of liver fibrosis. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress in research on the balance between LSECs-mediated liver regeneration and fibrosis, with the aim to provide new ideas in treating liver fibrosis and promoting liver regeneration by targeting LSECs.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gastrodin (Gas) on the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) in mice,and study possible mechanisms.Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (Sham),HIRI group,gastrodin-treated groups with low and high does (Gas-L,Gas-H,respectively),and cobalt protoporphyrin(CoPP) group(n =8).Mice in Gas-L,Gas-H,and CoPP groups were injected intraperitoneally with individual drugs and dose before operation.Except for Sham group,an 70％ volume HIRI model was established by means of 60 minutes ischemia and then 6 hours reperfusion in the other groups.The levels of serum AST and ALT in each group were compared.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue were measured;The level of TNF-αt,IL-6,IL-10 and heme oxygenase-I (HO-1) mRNA level were detected by real time quantitative PCR.Liver tissue was stained with H&E.The hepatocyte apoptosis was studied by TUNEL.Results Respectively,the serum ALT level in the HIRI,Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups was (5 057.34±290.80)U/L,(3 917.49±198.10) U/L,(3 645.63± 171.10) U/L,(2 977.78± 179.00) U/L,and the ALT level was (5 871.25 ± 819.01) U/L,(4 660.88 ± 505.96) U/L,(4 182.00 ± 507.51) U/L,(3 788.65±462.14)U/L.The serum level of ALT and AST in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups was lower than HIRI group (P＜ 0.05).The apoptotic index in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups respectively was (37.89±4.27)％,(32.59±3.78)％,(20.45-±2.49)％,which was lower than group (58.92±3.32)％ (P＜ 0.05).Compared with HIRI group,the TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA level in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups were decreased,and the levels of IL-10 and HO-1 mRNA were increased.Simultaneously,the activity of SOD was promoted,whereas the levels of MDA was reduced (P＜0.05).Conclusions Gastrodin shows an protective function aganist liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting inflammation,oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.The up-regulation of HO-1 by gastrodin may be the possible mechanism.

The rapid worldwide rise in obesity rates over the past few decades imposes an urgent need to develop effective strategies for treating obesity and associated metabolic complications.Bariatric surgical pro-cedures,such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)and vertical sleeve gastrectomy(VSG),currently provide the most effective treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D),as well as for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).However,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery remain elusive.Recent studies have identified bile acids as potential signaling molecules involved in the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery.This review focuses on the most recent studies on the roles of bile acids and bile acid receptors Farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5(TGR5)in bariatric surgery.We also discuss the possibility of modulating bile acid signaling as a phar-macological therapeutic approach to treating obesity and its associated metabolic complications.