The incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy is extremely low,especially lower in silicone oil-filled eyes.Silicone oil exerts a toxic effect on the cell membranes of microorganisms and leads to the lack of nutrients.It is thus believed to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.Endophthalmitis induced by mixed bacteria in silicone oil-filled eye has been rarely reported.We reviewed the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and treatment of a patient with endophthalmitis caused by mixed infection of
Bacteria ; Coinfection ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Silicone Oils/adverse effects* ; Vitrectomy

According to the situation of 34 batches of natural rubber latex condoms tested by our center in 2018, the unqualified items in the product inspection items and the exploratory research results of D4 and D5 content in silicone oil lubricants are analyzed. We make recommendations on product technical requirements or standards to strengthen the quality supervision of products.
Condoms/standards* ; Latex ; Silicone Oils

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual and anatomical results and identify factors that influence vitrectomy and silicone oil (SO) injection outcomes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: This retrospective study included 236 eyes with PDR that were undergoing vitrectomy and SO injection with >3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes were final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal attachment rate. RESULTS: At the final visit (mean, 88 ± 58 weeks), complete, partial, and no retinal attachment were observed in 86.9%, 10.6%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. A total of 155 eyes had experienced SO removal, while 81 had SO in place. The mean initial BCVA was 1.9 ± 0.7 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and significantly improved to 1.7 ± 0.8 logMAR (p = 0.001). Initial macular detachment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.25), development of iatrogenic break (AOR, 0.25), and use of heavy SO (AOR, 0.13) were independently associated with a lower risk of final retinal attachment, and SO removal was associated with a higher incidence (AOR, 7.55). Better baseline BCVA was associated with a higher risk of final BCVA ≥20 / 200. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an encouraging outcome based on anatomical data in advanced PDR treated with vitrectomy and SO, the functional prognosis was not satisfying for patients. Eyes with better vision at baseline had a more favorable prognosis, whereas eyes with initial macular detachment, intraoperative iatrogenic break, or heavy SO showed more unfavorable outcomes. In selected cases, extending the time of SO use did not worsen the prognosis.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicon* ; Silicone Oils ; Silicones* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: To report a case of visual deterioration and atrophied retina after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of retinal detachment with previous encircling scleral buckling. CASE SUMMARY: A 29-year-old female visited for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the right eye which was not completely resolved after encircling scleral buckling. Logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3. Retinal detachment from 3 to 8 O'clock without macular involvement was identified. Pars plana vitrectomy, endophotocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade were performed. During the operation, retinal dialysis and retinal break at the superonasal periphery were observed. The patient complained of central scotoma at 2 days postoperatively and hyper-reflection of the inner retina was identified on optical coherence tomography (OCT). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the OCT image revealed a thin retina and impending macular hole. After 2 months, the silicone oil was removed. Although the retina was well attached, the retina remained atrophied and the log MAR BCVA was 0.16. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case with deteriorated visual acuity after PPV and silicone oil tamponade for the retreatment of RRD in an atopic dermatitis patient.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dialysis ; Female ; Humans ; Reoperation* ; Retina* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retreatment ; Scleral Buckling ; Scotoma ; Silicon ; Silicone Oils ; Silicones ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of relaxing retinectomy for retinal detachment in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Sixty-four cases of relaxing retinectomy for PVR with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were retrospectively reviewed. The outcomes included achievement of complete retinal reattachment, PVR recurrence, the mean number of additional operations, visual acuity and incidence of postoperative complications. We analyzed the influence of intraoperative factors including lens status, retinectomy extent, additional scleral buckling, and tamponade agent on primary retinal reattachment. RESULTS: Complete retinal reattachment was achieved in 47 eyes (74.3%) without an additional surgery. PVR recurred in 19 eyes (29.7%) and an additional operation was performed in 17 eyes (26.6%). Fifty-seven (89.1%) eyes showed complete retinal reattachment and 40 eyes (62.5%) had visual acuity of 0.02 or more at the final follow-up visit. Hypotony was the major complication and developed in 10 eyes (15.6%). Eyes undergoing smaller (< 180degrees) retinectomy or silicone oil tamponade had higher primary anatomical success rates than larger (> or = 180degrees) retinectomy or gas tamponade (p = 0.043 and 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Relaxing retinectomy is a useful technique for retinal detachment with PVR, but risk of recurrent proliferation or hypotony should be considered.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicone Oils ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

Literature indicates an increased risk of suicide among women who have had cosmetic breast implants. An explanatory model for this association has not been established. Some studies conclude that women with cosmetic breast implants demonstrate some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk while others support that the breast augmentation protects from suicide. A systematic review including data collection from January 1961 up to February 2014 was conducted. The results were incorporated to pre-existing suicide risk models of the general population. A modified suicide risk model was created for the female cosmetic augmentation mammaplasty candidate. A 2-3 times increased suicide risk among women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation has been identified. Breast augmentation patients show some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk. The majority of women reported high postoperative satisfaction. Recent research indicates that the Autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants and fibromyalgia syndrome are associated with silicone implantation. A thorough surgical, medical and psycho-social (psychiatric, family, reproductive, and occupational) history should be included in the preoperative assessment of women seeking to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation. Breast augmentation surgery can stimulate a systematic stress response and increase the risk of suicide. Each risk factor of suicide has poor predictive value when considered independently and can result in prediction errors. A clinical management model has been proposed considering the overlapping risk factors of women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation with suicide.
Breast ; Breast Implants* ; Data Collection ; Female ; Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Risk Factors ; Silicone Oils ; Suicide* ; Surgery, Plastic

BACKGROUND: Ulnar nerve palsy leads to thumb-web depression, hypothenar flattening, and inter-digital depression in patients with leprosy. To camouflage these deformities, patients used to inject paraffin or silicone oil into the areas of muscle atrophy associated with thumb-web depression and hypothenar flattening. After several years and decades, paraffinomas eventually resulted in extensive inflammatory fibrosis and recalcitrant recurrent ulcers at the injection sites. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the results of different surgical treatments for paraffinomas in patients with leprosy, and to find out the most effective treatment method that has a low recurrence rate. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2012, 47 patients with paraffinomas who had visited the Korean Hansen Welfare Association Hospital were enrolled to participate in the study. The number of paraffinomas was 56, and the mean age of the patients was 73 years. A retrospective evaluation of the cosmetic results and recurrence rate was performed. RESULTS: Of the 56 surgically treated paraffinomas, 30 lesions were treated using primary closure, 20 lesions were treated with skin graft, and 6 lesions were treated with skin flap. The cosmetic outcomes, which were assessed using a four-point grading scale, were excellent in 10.7% (6/56), good in 25% (14/56), fair in 38% (21/56), and poor in 28% (15/56) of the patients. There were no significant differences among the three surgical procedures with respect to the cosmetic results. The recurrence rate was 33% (10/31) in the primary closure group, 50% (10/20) in the skin graft group, and 17% (1/6) in the skin flap group. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate among the three surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: The extensive and aggressive curettage of lesions is very important to reduce recurrence rate. When the older age of the patients is considered in conjunction with the simplicity of the operation and the total operation time, primary closure is considered the treatment of choice both cosmetically and practically.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Depression ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Muscular Atrophy ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Ulnar Neuropathies

PURPOSE: To report a case of massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in a middle-aged female with heavy alcohol consumption. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old female with a history of heavy alcohol consumption developed a massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in the right eye. Fundus examination and B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye revealed a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment with kissing choroidal sign. On systemic evaluation, she was diagnosed with alcohol-induced hepatitis, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. We performed trans-scleral drainage of the suprachoroidal hemorrhage, trans pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in her right eye. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in a patient with heavy alcohol intake.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Choroid ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Drainage ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Oils ; Ultrasonography ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and silicone oil tamponade with short term face-down positioning in highly myopic patients with retinal detachment due to macular hole. METHODS: Eleven eyes of highly myopic patients with retinal detachment caused by macular hole were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and silicone oil tamponade with short term (1-3 days) face-down positioning. Silicone oil was removed between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity, retinal reattachment rate, macular hole closure, and complications. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 63.3 +/- 8.3 years. During the silicone oil period, all 11 eyes (100%) had complete retinal attachment. After silicone oil removal, retinal detachment recurred in 2 eyes (18.2%). Macular hole closure was observed in 8 eyes (72.7%). The best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) improved from 1.99 +/- 0.94 before surgery to 1.33 +/- 0.62 at final visit. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and silicone oil tamponade with short term face-down positioning was effective in treating retinal detachment caused by macular hole in highly myopic eyes.
Humans ; Membranes ; Myopia* ; Prone Position* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomical and visual results of transconjunctival 25-gauge plus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 46 eyes of 46 patients who underwent transconjunctival 25-gauge plus PPV for primary RRD repair between January 2013 and May 2013 with a minimum of 3-month follow-up was performed. Data collected for the study included patient demographics, lens status, preoperative visual acuity, macular status, and location and number of primary breaks. Main outcome measures were anatomical reattachment rate, postoperative visual acuity, operation time, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The study included 30 men and 16 women. The mean age of the patients was 54.3 years. The locations of retinal breaks were 24 (52.2%) eyes in the superior half, 15 (32.6%) eyes in the inferior half, and 7 (15.2%) eyes on both sides. The macula-on RRD was present preoperatively in 21 (45.7%) of 46 eyes. Of the 33 (71.7%) phakic eyes, 18 (39.1%) underwent combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and PPV. Two different tamponades, C3F8 gas and silicone oil were used in this study. C3F8 gas was injected in the 33 (71.7%) eyes, and the remaining eyes were filled with silicone oil (1,300 centistokes for 11 eyes, 5,700 centistokes for 2 eyes). Mean operation time was 48.8 +/- 13.2 minutes. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 45 (97.8%) of 46 eyes at 3 months. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.33 +/- 1.20 log MAR preoperatively to 0.68 +/- 0.94 log MAR postoperatively (p < 0.001). Postoperative complications included transient intraocular pressure elevation in 6 (13.1%) eyes and posterior capsular opacity in 3 (6.5%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that transconjunctival 25-gauge plus PPV can be a safe and effective option for surgical management of RRD.
Demography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*